The Book of Knowledge, treating of the Wisdom of the Ancients

THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE: TREATING OF THE WISDOM OF THE ANCIENTS. IN FOUR PARTS.

I. Shewing the various and wonderful Opperations of the Signs and Planets, and other celeſtial Conſtellations, on the Bodies of Men, &c.

II. Prognoſtications for ever neceſſary to keep the Body in Health; with ſeveral choice Receipts in Phyſic and Surgery.

III. An Abſtract of the Art of Phyſiognomy and Palmiſtry, together with the Signification of Moles, and the Interpretation of Dreams, &c.

IV. The Farmer's Calender, containing, 1ſt. Perpetual Prognoſtications for Weather. 2d. The whole Myſtery of Huſbandry. 3d. The complete and experienced Farrier and Cowleech, &c.

WRITTEN BY ERRA PATER, A Jew Doctor in Aſtronomy and Phyſic, born in Bethany, near Mount Olivet in Juda.

Made Engliſh by W. LILLY, Student in Phyſic and Aſtrology.

TO WHICH IS ADDED, The true Form of all ſorts of Bills, Bonds, Counter Bonds, Indentures, Letters of Attorney and Licence, Deeds of Gift, Bills of Exchange, &c.

Worceſter, PRINTED BY ISAIAH THOMAS, JUN. Sold WHOLESALE and RETAIL at his BOOKSTORE.

TO THE READER Deſirous of KNOWLEDGE.

THE ſoul of man being a ſpark of immortality, infuſed by its Almighty Maker, does ſtill retain a reliſh of its original, that it covets knowledge above all other things, not confining its ſpeculation to earth, but towering to Heaven, it ſearcheth out the Stars and all their various influences; nay, rifles all the Conſtellations, unlocking all the ſecret cabinet of futurity, and diving into the vaſt abyſſes of things unknown: For man

Dame Nature's ſecret working doth inſpect,

He knows how to adviſe, what to direct:

Into the world, by art and ſcience brings,

And ſearcheth out the hidden birth of things.

The unplow'd earth he to his will ſubdues,

And all it brings forth, he knows how to uſe:

He ſeeks out JOVE: his thoughts will not be try'd,

In vain from [〈◊〉] [•]he Stars themſelves do hide.

Now to ſatisfy the inquiſitive nature of the ſoul of man, is the deſign of this book, which will gratify his underſtanding with the knowledge of the moſt hiden ſecrets of art and nature, which the wiſdom of the ancients have hitherto concealed, but here made plain to the meaneſt capacities.

THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE: TREATING OF THE WISDOM OF THE ANCIENTS. PART I. Shewing the various and wonderful operations of the Signs and Planets, and other [••]leſtial Conſtellations, on the Bodies of Men, Women and Children, and the mighty Influences they have upon theſe that are born under them.

ONE part of the wiſdom of the ancients conſiſted in the obſervation of ſeveral days and times, and from thence foretelling ſuch good and bad events, as from long experience they found always to follow: And therefore reviſing what ancient aſtrologers have ſaid, which I found very defective, I have myſelf made an exact judgment of what ſhould befal men, women and children, by the day of the week on which the firſt day of the year happened to fall: As if it happened to fall on a

Sunday.] The winter following will be pleaſant, the ſummer ſeaſonable; there ſhall be plenty of corn, though the weather in harveſt will prove but indifferent: Fruit ſhall very much abound, and there will be a very good ſeed time following the harveſt; ſhocks of ſheep and great cattle ſhall increaſe and proſper, but there ſhall be robberies in moſt places, and perhaps war before the end of the year: Alſo it denotes the death of prelates and princes, diſſention and diſcord among men, but not of long continuance.

Monday.] If New Year's Day fall on Monday, expect a hard and cold winter, and a wet ſummer, and as a conſequence of that, many diſeaſes; the fruits of the earth very indifferent, which will produce great ſcarcity in ſome places: Alſo denotes the downfal of the gentry and many marriages among the common people.

Tueſday.] If on Tueſday, the winter ſhall be wet and the ſummer very dry; hay will be ſcarce, but corn indifferently plenty. Many factions and diviſions among thoſe that ſit at the helm, and a great mortality both of men and beaſts.

Wedneſday.] If on Wedneſday it denotes the firſt part of the winter very hard and ſevere, but the laſt part very mild and gentle, a ſeaſonable ſpring and plenty of fruit; but great ſickneſs and many diſtempers about autumn. Many fables, with falſe news, ſhall be ſpread abroad, and much diſcontent among the common people.

Thurſday.] If on Thurſday, you may look for a hard winter, but a ſeaſonable and moderate ſpring, and a great increaſe of the fruits of the earth; ſheep and great cattle ſhall alſo proſper much, but towards autumn expect to hear of war and bloodſhed abroad, and troubles at home, occaſioned by conteſts and diviſions among the clergy.

Friday.] If on Friday, look for an extreme hard winter, a late ſpring, and a dry ſummer; corn very dear, and fruit very dear, very high winds, occaſioning ſhipwrecks; cattle will die generally: Women will have very hard labours, and moſt others very looſe and licentious; thunder and lightning will be very frequent, and do much miſchief.

Saturday.] If on Saturday, the winter ſhall be moderate, the ſpring windy, but the ſummer ſhall be both ſeaſonable and fruitful; corn ſhall be cheap, and fruit plenty.

Of Aſtrology; what it is.

ASTROLOGY is the Art that teaches us the influence and effects of the Celeſtial Planets upon the bodies of men, women and children, which by their various aſpects, poſitions and configurations, do foreſhew the changes and mutations both of particular bodies, and alſo of kingdoms and ſtates.

Some would confound Aſtronomy and Aſtrology together, which are in truth different things: And both have their particular uſe and excellence. Aſtronomy teaches the various and different motions of the planets, and aſtrology ſhews their influences and effects; but now that of the ſigns and planets more diſtinctly. And firſt the twelve ſigns of the Zodiac, which govern the ſeveral parts of man's body, and are ſummed up in verſe.

A Deſcription of the twelve Signs in Verſe, ſhewing wha[•] Part of the Body each rules.

The Names and Characters of the twelve Signs.

THE firſt is Aries ♈. This ſign governs the head and face, and is by nature cold and dry.

The ſecond is Taurus ♉. This Sign governs the neck and throat, and is by nature cold and dry.

The third is Gemini ♊. This ſign governs the hands and arms, and is hot and moiſt.

The fourth is Cancer ♋. This ſign governs the breaſt and ſtomach, and is cold and moiſt.

The fifth is Leo ♌. This ſign governs the heart and back, and is hot and dry.

The ſixth is Virgo ♍ This ſign governs the bowels and belly, and is cold and dry

The ſeventh is Libra ♎. This ſign governs the reins and loins, and is hot and moiſt.

The eighth is Scorpio ♏. This ſign governs the ſecret members, and is cold and dry.

The ninth is Sagittary ♐. This ſign governs the thighs and hips, and is hot and dry.

The tenth is Capricorn ♑. This ſign governs the knees and hams, and is cold and dry.

The eleventh is Aquarius ♒. This ſign governs the legs, and is by nature hot and moiſt.

The twelfth is Piſces ♓. This ſign governs the feet, and is cold and moiſt.

Beſides the names and characters of the twelve ſigns, they have other names and characters alſo by which they are deſcribed and called. As Aries is called the Ram, Taurus the Bull, Gemini the Twins, Cancer the Crab, Leo the Lion, Virgo the Virgin or Maid, Libra the Balance, Scorpio the Scorpion, Sagittary the Centaur or half horſed Bowman, or the Archer, his character being half man half horſe, with bow and arrows, Capricorn the Kid or Goat, and Piſces the Fiſh.

Of the Triplicity of the Twelve Signs.

THESE ſigns are alſo divided by aſtrologers in their ſeveral triplicities according to their ſeveral natures; thus Aries, Leo and Sagittary, being all hot and dry, are called the fiery triplicity; Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn, being all cold and dry, are called the earthly triplicity; Gemini, Libra and Aquarius, being all hot and moiſt, are called the airy triplicity; and Cancer, Scorpio and Piſces, being all cold and moiſt, are called the watry triplicity.

Of the Twelve Houſes.

THE knowledge and the nature of the houſes is reckoned by the ancients a great myſtery, and that which requires great ſtudy; for there is nothing relating to man's life but it is foreſhewn by the nature of one of the twelve houſes, whoſe ſignifications are briefly ſummed up in the following verſe.

The firſt houſe ſhews life, the ſecond wealth doth give,

The third how brethren, the fourth how parents live,

Iſſue the fifth, the ſixth diſeaſes bring,

The ſeventh wedlock, and the eighth death's ſting,

The ninth religion, the tenth honor ſ[•]ws,

Friendſhip the eleventh, and the twelfth our w[•].

The firſt houſe is called the aſcendant; becauſe there the ſun aſcends the horizon, let it be in what climate it will; and in aſtrological judgment is called the houſe of life.

The ſecond houſe is the ſuccedent to the aſcendant, and is the ſignification of riches and wealth.

The third houſe is the ſignification of bretheren, kindred and alliance.

The fourth houſe ſignifies the parents of the native, and all poſſeſſions, and lands of inheritance.

The fifth houſe is the ſuccedent of the angel of the earth, which is the fourth houſe and, therefore ſignifies mirth and jollity, which is uſually the effect of the birth of children, which is alſo ſignified by this houſe.

The ſixth houſe is cadent from the north angle, and is ſignificant of ſickneſs and diſeaſes.

The ſeventh houſe is the angel of the weſt, and is ſignificator of wedlock, and alſo of lawſuits and quarrels.

The eighth houſe is ſuccedent from the angel of the weſt, and ſignifies death.

The ninth houſe is cadent, and ſignifies religion and learning.

The tenth houſe ſignifies dignity, honour, and preferment.

The eleventh houſe hath ſignifications of friendſhip, amity, and hope.

The twelfth houſe ſignifies miſery, poverty, private enemies, impriſonments and diſgrace.

How many Perſons may know under which of the twelve Signs they are born.

HE that is born under Aries is of a nature hot and dry, and of a loud voice, inclined to choler; and if a woman, ſubject to barrenneſs, or at leaſt will have but few children, and thoſe ſickly and perhaps wanting in ſome of their members; very deſirous of command, and loving to be above others: Such have alſo black eyebrows, thick ſhoulders, and are of a dark ſwarthy complexion, and of a middle ſtature.

Thoſe born under Taurus are of a cold and dry conſtitution, inclined to melancholy, one that is ſickly, and loves pleaſure, yet is very chaſte, honeſt and religious; ſeldom angry, but once peovoked ſeldom reconciled; of ſhort ſtature, but well ſet; ſhort legs, big buttocks, a bull's neck, wide mouth, and black hair.

Perſons born under Gemini are hot and moiſt, of fair and ſanguine complexions, and affable and courteous in their behaviour, endued with wiſdom and underſtanding, and accompliſhed with elegance of ſpeech and a good delivery, having brown hair, briſk and quick eyes, a large breaſt, long arms, hands and legs; and a tall, ſtraight and well ſet body.

Thoſe born under Cancer, which is a watery ſign, are cold and moiſt, and of a phlegmatic conſtitution; of a low ſtature, blackiſh hair, and a great belly. If it be a woman, it ſhews ſhe ſhall have many children.

Thoſe that are born under Leo (which is hot and dry, and a ſign of the fiery triplicity) are very choleric, of a ſhrill voice, and viciouſly inclined; m[••]h addicted to anger, and very ſubtile; if a woman, barren, of a generous and free temper, very valiant and courageous, of yellowiſh or flaxen hair, broad ſhouldered, great head and eyes, of middle ſtature, but luſty body.

Perſons born under Virgo, which is a ſign of the earthly triplicity, are cold and dry, of a melancholy conſtitution, but of a free countenance, very courteous of behaviour, and yet very ſelf opinioned, the body ſomewhat ſpare, but of a good proportion, of a brown complexion, but black hair, and large eyes.

Thoſe born under Libra, which is a ſign of the airy triplicity, are hot and moiſt, and of a ſanguine complexion, fair, and of a good proportion, of homely viſage, well favoured, light brown hair, pleaſant and courteous, roſy cheeks, and amiable countenance, ſomewhat inclining to tallneſs, and very ſlender. But if a woman ſhe will have but few children.

Perſons born under Scorpio, which is the ſign of the watery Triplicity, are by nature cold and moiſt, and conſequently phlegmatic, and of a ſickly conſtitution, yet very fruitful, and withal vicious, fair of countenance, but of an angry diſpoſition, and many times crooked in their bodies as well as in their tempers; they are alſo of a ſad coloured hair, and of a ſerious and grave countenance, very much reſerved, but at the ſame time falſe and deceitful; the ſtature is commonly ſmall, but the body is pretty well ſet.

Thoſe that are born under Sagittary which is a ſign of the fiery Triplicity, are hot and dry, choleric, tall of ſtature, hard favoured, but fair; brown hair, which will ſhed betimes. If a woman, ſhe will have but few children, and thoſe very weak, but ingenious and exceeding crafty.

Perſons born under Capricorn, which is a ſign of the earthly Triplicity, are cold and dry, and of a melancholy conſtitution, and of a ſavage and cruel nature; and much inclined to lechery; the body deformed, of a ſwarthy complexion, ſhort of ſtature, dry and lean; the face alſo lean and thin, the colour pale and wan, and generally broad favoured.

Thoſe born under Aquarius, which is a ſign of the watery Triplicity, are hot and moiſt, and of a ſanguine complexion, and of a ſweet and affable condition, with a countenance very amiable and lovely; of a free and pleaſant temper, and of a chaſte, honeſt, and religious nature, of a fair viſage, middle ſtature, well ſhapen body, and bright hair, virtuouſly inclined, and always conceited.

Thoſe born under Piſces, which is a ſign of the watery Triplicity, are cold, moiſt, and phlegmatic; of a ſhort ſtature, often crooked, deformed, and ill compoſed both in body and mind, having a great face, pale and wan complexion, thick ſhouldered, ſhort necked, and ſtooping.

By theſe things perſons may know under what ſign they were born, if they will compare themſelves with what is here written.

Of the ſeven Planets, their characters, names, natures; and in what times they make their Revolutions.

HAVING ſpoke of the ſeveral ſigns, with the twelve houſes, and of their natures and ſignifications, I come now to ſpeak of the ſeven planets, or erratic ſtars, who in their ſeveral orbs or circles, paſs through the twelve houſes of the Zodiack in more or leſs time, according to the largeneſs or ſmallneſs of their ſeveral orbs; and as theſe planets paſs through the twelve ſigns, ſo they are ſaid to be in ſuch and ſuch houſes; thus the complement of one year, for on the tenth of March, at which time the ſpring and moſt properly the year begins, the ſun enters in Aries, and having paſſed through that, in April he enters into Taurus, in May into Gemini, and ſo of the reſt. And according to the houſes or ſigns in which any of the planets are, ſo they are ſaid to be dignified or debilitated; for when a planet is in a ſign of its own nature, it is dignified; but if in a ſign of a contrary nature to its own, it is then debilitated, or made weaker; and according to their poſition, their effects and operations are wonderful upon the bodies of men and women; but I ſhall give you their characters, names, and nature.

The firſt is ♄ Saturn, who is by nature cold and dry, of a ſwarthy, dull, obſcure colour, like unto lead; he makes his revolution through the twelve ſigns in thirty years.

The ſecond is ♃ Jupiter, who is by nature hot, moiſt, and temperate, he appears very bright and ſhining, and is of a warm nature; he makes his revolution in twelve years.

The third is ♂ Mars, of nature hot and dry, he appeareth of a fiery colour, and maketh his revolution in twenty three months.

The fourth is ☉ Sol, whoſe nature is hot, dry, and temperate; his glorious brightneſs is ſufficiently known to all. He makes his revolution in three hundred and ſixty five days, ſix hours and twentyfour minutes.

The fifth is ♀ Venus, of nature cold and moiſt, the moſt bright and ſplendent ſtar in all the firmament, ſhe moveth equally with the Sun, though her motion ſeems to be very irregular, and makes her revolution at the ſame time.

The ſixth is ☿ Mercury, whoſe nature is cold and dry, variable, he is ſituated very near the Sun, and is rarely ſeen; he makes his revolution at the ſame time as the Sun and Venus.

The ſeventh is ☽ Luna, or the Moon, which is the laſt or loweſt, and whoſe nature is cold and moiſt, every one knows ſhe is of a pale colour, and ſhe maketh her revolution in twentyſeven days and eight hours.

Having given you a brief account of the names and nature of the ſeven planets, I here add an account of the five aſpects alſo, which are theſe:

Of the five Aſpects.

1. ☌ CONJUNCTION, which is when two planets are in one ſign, or thirty degrees.

2. ⚹ Sextile, which is when two planets are diſtant two ſigns or ſixty degrees.

3. □ Quartile, which is when two planets are diſtant three ſigns, or ninety degrees.

4. △ Trine, which is when two planets are diſtant four ſigns, or one hundred and twenty degrees.

5. ☍ Oppoſition, which is when two planets are diſtant ſix ſigns, or one hundred and eighty degrees.

Theſe are alſo two oppoſite points in the ecliptic line, called Nodes, which we commonly call the Dragons head and tail, thus characteriſed, ☊ Dragon's Head, ☋ Dragon's Tail.

I would now ſhew you the various effects and operations of the ſeven planets, as they are poſited in the ſeveral houſes, but I think it moſt neceſſary to give you an explanation of ſeveral terms uſed in the aſtronomical and aſtrological ſcience.

An explanation of the Circle of the Sphere, and ſome other Terms in Aſtronomy, for the eaſier underſtanding of this Book, and for further information of the reader.

THE Equinoctial Circle, Equator, or Equinox, is a great circle or line equally diſtant from the two poles of the world, dividing the ſphere in the midſt.

Zodiack, is a broad oblique circle croſſing the Equinoctial in two oppoſite places, viz. in the beginning of Aries and the beginning of Libra, ſo that half declining towards the north, the other towards the ſouth; and in this circle is comprehended the twelve conſtellations of ſigns, every ſign containing thirty degrees in length, and twelve in breadth. Note alſo, That the firſt are northern ſigns, and the ſix laſt are ſouthern ſigns.

The Ecliptic Line, is a line imagined to go along the midſt of the Zodiack, as a girdle out of which the ſun never goeth; but the moon and other planets are ſometimes on one ſide, and ſometimes on the other ſide, which is called their latitudes, only the fixed ſtars alter not their latitude, whether great or ſmall; but the longitude of a ſtar is in the arch or part of the Ecliptic in degrees, between the beginning of Aries, and the circle which paſſeth through the body of the ſtar; where note, that all circles of the ſphere or heavens, whether they are large or ſmall, have three hundred and ſixty degrees allowed to each of them.

Colures are ſaid to be two great moveable circles croſſing each other at the poles of the world, one cutting the Equinox at the beginning of Aries and at the beginning of Libra, and the other cutting the Ecliptic at the beginning of Cancer and at the beginning of Capricorn; and ſo dividing the globe into four equal parts.

Horizon is a great circle which divideth the upper hemiſphere, that is the upper hall of the world from the lower, we being always ſuppoſed to be in the midſt.

Meridian is a great circle paſſing through the poles of the world, and the poles of the horizon, called Zenith and the Nadir (which are two points, one directly over our heads the other directly under our feet) on which the ſun is always juſt at noon; and to go directly north and ſouth, the meridian is changed; but to go eaſt and weſt it is changed to ſixty miles either way, and make one degree, of four minutes of time difference under the Equinox, viz. ſixty miles eaſtward, it is noon four minutes ſooner, and ſixty miles weſtward four minutes later.

Tropicks are ſuppoſed to be two leſſer circles, parallel with the Equinoctial, and diſtant from it on either ſide, twenty three degrees, thirty one minutes each; the ecliptic line touches the Tropick of Cancer on the north ſide of the equinoctial, and it touches the Tropic of Capricorn on the ſouth ſide thereof, ſo that the ſun hath its motion between theſe two circles.

The Artick Circle is equally diſtant from the north pole, as the Tropicks are diſtant from the Equinox twenty three degrees, thirty one minutes.

The Antarctic Circle is the ſame diſtance from the ſouth pole.

Zones, ſo called are five in number, two cold, two temperate and one hot, which are divided by the two Tropicks and polar circles from each other; the hot Zone is counted between the two Tropicks that is extended from one to the other, being about forty ſeven degrees two minutes broad; the temperate Zones are extended from the Tropicks on either ſide, to about fortytwo degrees ſixtyeight minutes, that is northward to the Artick circle and ſouthward to the antarctick circle and the two cold Zones are each within thoſe two ſmall circles having the poles for their center.

The poles of the Worlds, are two points exactly oppoſite to each other in the heavens, one in the north, the other in the ſouth, the earth being in the midſt, ſo that it ſeems to turn about, as if it were borne up by them; wherefore by ſome it is termed the axletree of the world, as if there was a line ſuppoſed to be drawn from one pole through the center of the earth to the other, and the earth turning thereon, though holy writ tells us, The Lord hangeth the earth upon nothing, it being upholden by his mighty power. The pole artick, or north pole, is elevated above our horizon above fiftyone degrees; and thoſe ſtars within that diſtance from it, never ſet with us, but keep their courſe round it daily; ſo likewiſe thoſe that are at that diſtance from the ſouth pole, never riſe with us, but perform their courſe in the like order.

Azimuths are ſuppoſed lines or circles of diſtance from the meridian, drawn from the zenith to any degree, or two degrees of the horizon, or according to the thirty two points of the mariner's compaſs, ſo that in travelling or ſailing any way ſuppoſing a circle to go from our zenith directly before us to the horizon, is the Azimuth, called the verticle point as well as the zenith.

Almicantharats, or Almadarats, or circles of altitude, are imagined circles paſſing through the meridian, parallel with the horizon.

The Sphere is a round body, preſenting the frame of the whole world, as the circles of the heaven and the earth; this is ſometimes called a martial ſphere, for the orbs of the planets are called their ſpheres, that is the circles in which they move.

Aſcenſion is the riſing of any ſtar, or of any part of the ecliptic above the horizon, Deſcenſion is its going down.

Right aſcenſion of a ſtar, is that part of the equinox that riſeth or ſetteth with a ſtar in a right ſphere, but in an oblique ſphere, it is that part of the equinoctial in degrees, containing between the firſt point of Aries, and that place of the equinoctial which paſſeth by the meridian with the center of the ſtar.

Oblique Aſcention is a part of the equinoctial in degrees, contained betwixt the beginning of Aries, and that of the equinox, which riſeth with any ſtar, or part of the ecliptic, in an oblique ſphere.

Aſſential difference, is the difference betwixt the right and oblique aſcention, or the number of degrees contained between that place and the equinox that riſeth with the center of a ſtar, and that place of the equinox that cometh to the meridian with the ſame ſtar.

Solſtice is in the ſummer, when the ſun is in the beginning of Cancer; and in the winter when the ſun enters into Capricorn; becauſe then the days ſeem to ſtand ſtill, and ſeem neither to increaſe nor decreaſe above two minutes in ten or twelve days.

Conſtellation is a certain number of ſtars, ſuppoſed to be limited within ſome form or likeneſs, as Aries the ram, is ſaid to have thirteen ſtars; Taurus the bull thirtythree: Arcturus, Orion and the Pleiades, mentioned in Job. ix. 9. are ſaid to be Conſtellations.

Perihelium is the point wherein the earth, or any planet, is neareſt the ſun.

Aphelium is a point wherein the earth, or any planet, is farther from the ſun.

Planets, are the ſeven eratique or wandering ſtars, called, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sol, or the Sun, Venus, Mercury and Luna, or the Moon, whoſe characters, names and nature, we have mentioned before, and whoſe influences we ſhall by and by give you a farther account of. Thoſe planets have alſo their ſeveral motions. As,

Direct. Is a planet's moving in its natural courſe, which is forward.

Retrogade. Is their moving backward contrary to their direct motion.

Combuſt. Is their being under the ſun beams, or within eight degrees of him.

Oriental. Is when a planet riſeth before the ſun, Occidental, after him.

Latitude of the Earth, is the diſtance of breadth on either ſide of the equinox, towards the pole, and they that are under the equinox have no latitude, but the poles of the world are in the horizon: This is a right ſphere, and every ſixty miles directly north or ſouth, are ſaid to make no degree of latitude, and the height of either pole above the horizon, is anſwerable to the degree of latitude in an oblique ſphere; as London is counted to be in latitude fiftyone degrees, thirtytwo minutes, the pole thereof being elevated as much. The like is to be obſerved in any other place or region.

Longitude of the Earth, is the outſide thereof extended from weſt to eaſt, croſſing the latitude at right angles, the beginning thereof (according to ſome aſtronomers) is the Canary Iſles, ſo going eaſtward quite round the world, unto the ſame place again, which is three hundred and ſixty degrees; and under the equinoctial is reputed to be two millions one thouſand ſix hundred miles, reckoning ſixty miles to a degree; but then further off the equinoctial, the fewer miles are in a degree; for at London about thirtyſeven makes a degree of longitude: ſo theſe degrees grow leſs and leſs, until they are met in the latitude of ninety, that is under the poles.

Parallels, are lines ſtraight and circular, equally diſtant from each other, as the Equinox, Tropicks, and degrees of latitude, &c.

Climate, or Clime, is ſuch a ſpace of earth comprehending between two parallels, in which ſpace there is half an hour's difference in the ſun dials, and length of the days.

Antipodes, are thoſe whoſe feet are directly againſt ours, as if a line was drawn from one through the center of the earth to the other.

And theſe ſhall ſuffice for an explanation of things, which I have done as briefly as I could, for he advantage of the reader, to whom poſſibly theſe things (ſo neceſſary to be known) may have hitherto been concealed.

Of the Sun's Revolution through the 12 Sings of the Zodiac; with an Aſtrological Judgment of thoſe that ſhall be born, when the Sun is in any of theſe Signs.

THOUGH there be ſeven planets (as we have before ſhewed) yet the ſun and moon being the two great luminaries of the world, have greater influence upon our bodies than all the reſt, and the ſun ſhining by his ow light, and being the fountain of both light and life, has greater power than the moon, and his influence is more in any of the twelve houſes. I therefore here (becauſe I affect brevity) give the reader an aſtrologic judgment of the ſun's power and influence, being in any of the twelve houſes; after I have firſt acquainted my reader what a houſe is, and ſignifies in aſtrology.

A houſe is a certain ſpace in the firmament, which is parted and ſeparated by ſeveral degrees, by which the planets have their motion metaphorically, called houſes. For as in a houſe there may be many manſions, for every planet has a peculiar or proper place in the firmament, in which it moves and in which it is reſident, containing thirty degrees, by which one houſe is differenced from another, and theſe are thus placed by Aſtrologers, viz.

The ſun being in Aries, makes a perſon born under it of a toward and peeviſh diſpoſition, quickly angry, but as ſoon pleaſed; given to ſtudy and very eloquent, but proud, living luxurious, promiſing all things, but performing nothing; not beloved among his kindred, and obnoxious to danger among his enemies; he ſhall be in danger of receiving harm from four footed beaſts, or being thrown from a horſe, and the like; ſo that he ought to avoid all hawking, hunting, and other exerciſe to be performed on horſecback, which are like to be fatal to him, but in other things he may be more fortunate. If the perſon born be a female, though ſhe may be fair and fruitful in children, yet ſhe will be given to lying, and of ſo bad a temper and diſpoſition that her huſband will live but uneaſy with her. Note, this alſo, that thoſe born in the day time, the ſun being in Aries, will be fortunate aad happy, but thoſe that are born in the night, will be unfortunate and come to diſgrace.

The ſun being in Taurus, makes the native bold and fortunate in attempting hard and difficult affairs; it ſhews him alſo victorious over his enemies, and a great traveller, but baniſhed from his native country. It alſo ſhews one ſervile, familiar and angry, but in his old age only; for in his youth he ſhall obtain riches by marriage, which ſhall make him better honored. But when age comes, it brings ſickneſs with it, and that makes men peeviſh.

It makes females wanton, yet painful and obedient, but full of Tittle Tattle; it alſo ſhews them inclined to whoredom, which will wear off by degrees; ſhe ſhall have many huſbands and divers children.

The ſun being in Gemini, denotes a fair child, alſo one that is wiſe, liberal and merciful, alſo a boaſter, and one that runs up and down without any regard to his buſineſs, whereby he ſhall obtain but little riches of his own, but ſhall be of that fidelity and truth, that he ſhall have the command of the public treaſure: It alſo denotes one to be of a complaiſant behaviour, a good underſtanding, and acceptable to thoſe with whom he has to do. It ſhews him alſo to be well verſed in the mathematical ſcience and arithmetic; and that he ſhall be in great danger about three and twenty years of age, either to be hurt by fire, or bitten by a mad dog.

The ſun being in Cancer, ſhews a perſon to be of a good wit, humility and wiſdom, but one inclined to pleaſure, and the love of women. It alſo ſhews one attempting many things, and eſpecially on ſeas, and thereby often in danger, and vexed with many incommodities, and with much poverty and miſery, and that though he may get much, yet he may be never the richer; he ſhall dig for treaſure, and ſhall find that which he looked not for: But if it be a maid, ſhe ſhall be witty, ſhamefaced, evil, wiſe, diligent, nimble and beautiful, ſoon pleaſed, yet deceitful and crafty, ſaying one thing, and doing another, ſubject to many dangers by water, by falling, by childbearing and cholic; and after the age of twentyſix, whether the native, male or female, it promiſeth good ſucceſs. It denotes alſo a perſon to be painful, faithful, acquainted with great men, and fortunate in huſbandry.

The ſun being in Leo, denotes a man proud and arrogant, bold and ſtout; a mocker, ſcorner, unmerciful, cruel, and hard to be entreated; beſet with many enemies, and ſubject to many miſeries; alſo a captain or other commander, looking for promotion from great men, unfortunate children, and meeting with many afflictions by their means, putting himſelf into many dangers; he ſhall be alſo in danger by fire or ſword, and violence of beaſts, by whom he ſhall be in danger of death; but with prudence may eſcape all threatened dangers.

But if the native be of the female ſex, ſhe ſhall be bold, have great and large breaſts, and ſlender legs, which are tokens of ſtoutneſs, angers, ſlanders, and babbling; though the ſoftneſs natural to women do alleviate the exceſs thereof. She ought however to be eſpecially careful of hot waters, and fire, by which ſhe will be in great danger; ſhe ſhall alſo be much inclined to ſickneſs, or gnawing of the ſtomach. But after the age of twentyone years, ſhe ſhall be fortunate in riches, which ſhe ſhall obtain by the help of great men, and the uſe of other men's goods: alſo by houſekeeping, beauty and love.

The ſun being in Virgo, makes the men fortunate and ſucceſsful in houſhold affairs, wiſe and fruitful, ſtout and ambitious: his wife ſhall die ſuddenly in his abſence; he ſhall have many things ſtolen from him, but ſhall be revenged on his enemies. He ſhall be ſo much given to talk, that he cannot keep his own ſecrets.— It alſo ſhews one fairfaced, of a genteel behaviour, a lover of women, and delightful to be in the courts of princes and noblemen. It alſo denotes one wiſe, juſt, and honorable, a patron and defender of his friends, alſo religious and temperate, of a comely perſonage, and well featured. If the native be a maiden, ſhe will be witty, honeſt and modeſt; of a willing mind diligent and circumſpect; and ſhall be married about the age of fifteen years. But whether male or female, they ſhall be liable to meet with many afflictions.

The ſun being in Libra, denotes the perſon to be fortunate in all maritime affairs, and that he gains by trading in ſpices and precious ſtones. It alſo ſhews a comely body, and a valuable pleaſant tongue, a good fame, and one curious to underſtand ſecrets, but not very careful to perform what he promiſes, how much ſoever he may pretend to it. It ſhews alſo that he ſhall have ſeveral wives, and that he ſhall quickly bury the firſt. He may alſo be a gainer by dead men, who will leave him large legacies. He ſhall be a lover of women and entertain unlawful familiararities with them. He ſhall be alſo a good interpreter of dreams, whether he be born by day or night. If the native be of the female ſex, ſhe ſhall be free and debonair, and of a jocund humour, taking much delight in herbs, loving the fields, and wandering into ſtrange places. About 23 years of age ſhe ſhall have a huſband, and be happy, married for her beauty; pleaſantneſs of converſation, and good behaviour, ſhall much promote her. Likewiſe the children of Libra are ſuch as are ſtudious and lovers of learning; but without ſpecial care be taken, they may receive prejudice by fire or ſcalding water.

The ſun being in Scorpio increaſes the natives inheritence, and give them a boldneſs and ſtoutneſs, inclining them likewiſe to flattery, by which means thoſe they deal with are often deceived; and when they expect bread may meet with nothing but a ſcorpion. It likewiſe denotes a perſon full of mirth, given to jeſting and eaſy of belief, at the ſame time a conquerer of his enemies. It makes a woman to be full of craft and wit, and yet her huſband ſhall deceive her. She ſhall likewiſe be ſubject to pain and the ſpleen, and have ſome extraordinary mark, either in the head, ſhoulder, or brawn of the arm.

It makes both ſexes bold and raſh, given to thieving, and to ſearch out hidden things, alſo it makes them wanton fornicators, and full of evil thoughts, and given to too much talking.

The ſun being in Sagittary, gives fortune and boldneſs to take in hand an enterpriſe, inclining a perſon to travel, and take vovages at ſea and journies by land, and not without conſiderable advantage; it alſo gives acceſs into courts of princes, where the native ſhall be advanced to ſome honourable poſt. It alſo ſhews a perſon given to riding, hunting, hawking, leaping, fighting and ſuch manly exerciſes, at which he always comes off with honor, by which means he is envied and has many enemies, whom yet he ſhall vanquiſh and and overcome. It alſo ſhews he ſhall poſſeſs the inheritence of his father, and that he ſhall be juſt, ingenious, faithful, hearty, a ſure friend, and a generous enemy. If the native be a woman, it likewiſe betokens the ſame; ſhe ſhall be induſtrious, of an excellent temper; ſhe ſhall be envied by her enemies, but ſhall overcome them; ſhe ſhall be married about ſeventeen, and have many children.

The ſun being in Capricorn, ſhews the native ſhall meet with many afflictions and adverſities, which he ſhall ſuſtain with many reſolutions: Yet it always ſhews him angry and fretful, and one that keeps bad company. It alſo makes him merry and cheerful; yet he may fall in love to that degree, that he may be ready to die for his miſtreſs; but if the nativity be by night, he ſhall be inconſtant; it alſo ſhews in age he ſhall be covetous. He ſhall thrive in navigation, eſpecially in the trade towards the eaſt, for from thence his fortune ſhall ariſe. If the native be a woman, ſhe will be modeſt and baſhful, of a fearful diſpoſition, and very much addicted to travel.

The ſun being in Aquarius, maketh the native of a friendly diſpoſition, fearful of waters, and in danger of receiving prejudice thereby; he ſhall be ſubject to ſickneſs and quartidian agues until about the fifteenth year of his age, after which he ſhall be more fortunate, for by travelling through divers countries, he ſhall gather riches, which with a liberal hand he ſhall diſtribute; he ſhall meet with ſundry loſſes and afflictions, eſpecially by means of his wife and other women; and ſhall live for a long time without the enjoyment of her. But ſhe being dead, his affairs will be more fortunate. If the native be a woman, ſhe ſhall be comely [〈◊〉] body, and of a faithful and canſtant mind: ſhe ſhall be enriched with other men's goods, but her children ſhall be a great affliction to her, and ſhe ſhall receive much damage by them. She ſhall not attain to any great fortune until the two and twentieth year of her age, and then ſhe ſhall arrive to a competent eſtate.

The ſun being in Piſces denotes a man to be quick, of a valuable and ready tongue, bold and conceited, but fortunate in finding out hidden treaſure: for this is peculiar to thoſe who are born when the ſun is in Piſces, that they ſhall find ſomething unlooked for, and ſhall be alſo enriched with other men's goods; it alſo ſhews them to be merry and jocoſe, of a good diſpoſition, and loving the company of good men; they ſeldom live very long, but if they reach to thirtyfive years they may live to a good old age. They ſhall never be very rich, except in their own opinions; they are always full of uneaſy thoughts, and are in danger of being brought into captivity by means of women; they have commonly ſome mark in the elbow or foot, and their fortune will come from the mouth. If the native be a woman, ſhe will be bold, contumelious, ſcold, and ſomething worſe, for ſhe will forſake her own huſband, and cleave to an adulterer.

Thus I have given an account of the influences of the ſun, being in any of the celeſtial ſigns, by which any perſon may know in what ſign the ſun was at the time of his birth.

Of the evil or particular Days in every Month in the Year.

THERE are certain days in the years which concerns all perſons to know, becauſe they are ſo perilous and dangerous; for on theſe days if any man or woman ſhall be let blood, they ſhall die within 21 days following, or whoſo falleth ſick on any of theſe days ſhall certainly die: And whoſo beginneth a journey on any of theſe days, he ſhall be in danger of death before he returns: Alſo he that marrieth a wife on any of theſe days, they ſhall either be quickly parted, or live together in ſorrow and diſcontent. And laſtly, whoſoever on one of thoſe days beginning any grea[•]ouſineſs it will never proſper, nor come to the deſired perfection. Now ſince theſe days are ſo unfortunate it highly concerns every one both to know, and take notice of them; which that the reader may do, I have here ſet down in the following order:

In January are eight days; that is to ſay, the 1ſt, 2d, 4th, 5th, 10th, 15th, 17th, and 19th. In February are three days; that is the 8th, 10th, and 19th. In March are three days; that is the 15th, 16th, and 21ſt. In April are two days, the 15th, and 21ſt. In May are three days, 15th, 17th, and 20th. In June are two days, the 4th, and 17th. In July are two days, the 15th, and 20th. In Auguſt are two days, the 20th, and 25th. In September are two days, the 6th, and 7th. In October is one day, the 6th. In November are two days, the 5th, and 19th, In December are three days, the 6th, 7th, and 11th; and others ſay, 15th, and 19th.

Of the Planetary Days and Hours, and how to know under what Planet a Man is born.

THE planatary hours are thoſe [•]ours in which each planet reigns, and has their chief dominion; of which the ancients gave the following account:

Saturn is Lord on Saturday; Jupiter is Lord on Thurſday; Mars is Lord on Tueſday; Sol is Lord on Sunday, and Luna on Monday.

On Saturday the firſt hour after midnight Saturn reigns, the ſecond Jupiter, the third Mars, the fourth Sol reigns, the fifth Venus, the ſixth Mercury, and the ſeventh Luna; and then again Saturn the eight, Jupiter the ninth, Mars the tenth, Sol the eleventh, Venus the twelfth, Mercury the thirteenth, Luna the fourteenth; and then the third time, Saturn the fifteenth, Jupiter the ſixteenth, Mars the ſeventeenth, Sol the eighteenth, Venus the nineteenth, Mercury the twentieth, and Luna the one and twentieth hour: Then in the fourth place, Saturn the two and twentieth, hour, Jupiter the three and twentieth, and Mars the four and twentieth: And then Sol begins the firſt hour after midnight on Sunday, Venus the 2d hour, Mercury the 3d, and alſo the 24th, which is the hour of Mercury, and then Luna begins the firſt hour after midnight on Monday, Saturn the 2d, Jupiter the 3, and ſo to the 24th, which is the hour of Jupiter, and then Mars begins the firſt hour after midnight on Tueſday, and Sol the ſecond, and ſo forward hour by hour, and planet by planet, according to their order, by which every planet reigns the firſt hour of his own day; and ſo likewiſe the 8th, 15th, and 22d. As for inſtance, Saturn reigns the firſt hour, the 8th, 15th, and the 22d on Saturday, Sol the ſame hours on Sunday, Luna the ſame on Monday, Mars the ſame on Tueſday, Mercury the ſame on Wedneſday, Jupiter the ſame on Thurſday, and ſo Venus on Friday; which for the readier and eaſier finding out, I have thus ſet down.

A TABLE of the Planetary Hours for every Day in the Week.

This Table is ſo eaſy, it needs little explanation.— Its uſe is to find what planet rules any hour of the day, every day in the week. As for example, I deſire to know what planet rules on Wedneſday, at 7 o'clock at night; under the title of Wedneſday, I look for 9, which anſwers to 7 o'clock at night; for the natural day conſiſts of 24 hours, beginning after midnight, ſo that from 12 at noon, you begin to reckon 13, 14 15, &c. you find that the 19th hour from midnight, anſwers to 7 o'clock at night, over againſt which you will find ☉ which ſhews that to be the hour of the ſun. And if you would know what planet rules at 7 in the morning that day, you will find againſt ♀ 7, which ſhews that Venus rules that hour; and ſo of any other hour in the day.

But I ſhall now come to ſpeak of the ſignifications of the planetary hours of each planet, and what it portends to thoſe that are born in them. The hour of Saturn is ſtrong, and is good to do all things that require ſtrength: Such as fighting or bearing burdens, or the like; but for thoſe things it is very evil. He that is born in the hour of Saturn, is ſlow, dull and melancholy, of a dogged temper and diſpoſition, black and ſwarthy of complexion, being quarrelſome, wrathful, and very malicious.

The hour of Jupiter is in all things good, and denotes peace, love and concord: He that is born in the hour of Jupiter, is of a ruddy and ſandy complexion, fair hair, well proportioned body, and of a lovely countenance, his face rather broad than long, well ſpoken and courteous, of a very affable carriage, ſober, juſt and religious. The hour of Mars is evil, and denotes the perſon born in it, to be of a cholerick conſtitution, and of a robuſt ſtrong body, ſoon angry, and hard to be reconciled; his face red, and his eyes ſparkling and fiery, much addicted to fighting, and ready to quarrel with every man he meets, which often times brings him to an untimely end. The hour of the Sun ſignifies great ſtrength, and is very unfortunate for kings and princes. He that is born in that hour, hath ſharp eyes, brown hair, and a round face, denotes one that is a great projector, aims at high things, but is often diſappointed, and ſeldom brings his deſigns to paſs.

The hour of Venus is very propitious and fortunate, but is better by night than day, eſpecially mid-day, for then the ſun covers it. He that is born in this hour hath fair hair, ſoft eyes, a little forehead, and round beard; very complaiſant in his carriage, mighty amorous, and a great admirer of women; much addicted to ſinging and gaming, and ſpends his money in courting the female ſex.

The hour of Mercury is very good, but chiefly from the beginning to the middle: He that is born in this hour, his ſituation inclining to tallneſs, a ſharp long face, long eyes, and a long noſe: His forehead narrow, long beard and thin hair, long arms and long fingers; of a good diſpoſition, and an obliging temper, much given to reading, and very deſirous of knowledge, delighting to be among books; very eloquent in his ſpeech, and yet addicted to lying; and if he be poor, he is commonly light fingered.

The hour or the Moon is both good and evil, according to the day: For from the 4th to the 17th it is good to thoſe that are born under it; but from the 17th to the 20th, it is counted unfortunate to be born under it; and from the 20th to the 27th, very unhappy. He that is born in the hour of the Moon, eſpecially upon her own day, ſhall be pale faced, of a thin, meagre viſage, with hollow eyes, and of a middle ſtature, he appears very courteous and obliging, but is very crafty and deceitful, ſetting about many things, but ſo inconſtant and variable in his humour, that he is preſently off of them again, and ſetting about ſomething elſe; inſomuch, that what he cries up in one hour, he ſhall as much cry down the next; he is alſo very malicious, and will never forget an affront once offered him, his conſtitution phlegmatic.

Thus have I given the reader the judgment of the ancients upon the planetary hours, and what they portend to thoſe that are born under them, by which a perſon, comparing himſelf with what is here ſet down, may eaſily know under what planet he was born.

Of the Signification of the Seven Planets, with reſpect to Men's Bodies.

BEFORE I conclude my diſcourſe of the ſeven planets, their nature and influences, I ſhall give you an account of the ſignification of them, as they reſpect the ſeveral parts of man's body, and the diſeaſes that they govern, that proper remedies may be applied accordingly.

Saturn governs the right ear, the bladder and the bones; and the diſeaſes he governs, are quartian agues, concerns, black choler, rheums, coughs, palſies, looſeneſs of the blood, &c.

Jupiter governs the lungs, ribs, liver, ſeeds, arteries, and left ear; and the diſeaſes incident to them, are pleuricies and apoplexies, and ſuch as proceed from 100 great a quantity of blood, or from wind in any part of the body.

Mars governs the gall, the veins and the reigns, and their diſtempers; which are fevers, yellow jaundice, madneſs, choler carbuncles. Mars alſo governs the ſtones and privy members of man or woman in part.

The Sun governs the eyes, heart, and right ſide, and the diſeaſes relating to them; ſuch as colds, eſpecially in the ſtomach and liver, fluxes in the eyes, cramp, headach, &c.

Venus governs the liver, loins, matrix, paps and throat: The diſeaſes whereof are weakneſs in the body, and members, catarrhs, French pox, &c.

Mercury governs the brain, thought, memory, ſpeech and tongue, and alſo the diſtempers incident thereto, are falling ſickneſs, madneſs, coughs, hoarſeneſs, ſtammering, phthyſic, and rheums.

The Moon governs the left eye of a man, and the right eye of a woman, alſo the ſtomach, belly, and the left ſide; and the diſeaſes proper to them, are dropſies, palſies, rotten coughs, ſurfeits, worms in children, king's evil, falling ſickneſs, convulſion fits, dimneſs of ſight, ſmall pox, and meaſles. Here note, That in all diſtempers, before you apply any thing to the patient, it is proper and neceſſary to conſult the motions and poſitions of the planets; and when by the table of planetary hours before recited, you know what planet rules; you muſt in the next place conſider the nature of that planet, as whether it be fierce or cruel, as Mars; or friendly and benevolent, as Jupiter; alſo whether they be cold and moiſt, or hot and dry, and what is the predominent complexion, whether the ſanguine choler, phlegm or melancholy; as alſo what member of the body it governs, and what diſeaſe is under its power. Theſe things being diligently weighed and conſidered, will furniſh the ingenious phyſician with grounds ſufficient to make a judgment of the true nature of the diſeaſe, whereby he may apply the ſuitable and proper remedies that ſhall beſt conſiſt with, and the moſt prevalent againſt the deſtemper; whereas the want of a due conſideration of the matter, cauſe the phyſicians oftentimes to adminiſter thoſe medicines that rather kill than cure, though theſe very medicines may be good againſt the ſame diſeaſe to a patient under other circumſtances, and falling ſick under a different poſition of the ſigns and planets.

The End of the FIRST PART

THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE: TREATING OF THE WISDOM OF THE ANCIENTS. PART II. Containing Prognoſtications for ever neceſſary for keeping the Body in Health, &c.

AS I have found in the Aſtrological Science there are four different ſort of humours in the the body of man, of which the four complexions are formed and of theſe one is made of yellow choler, another of black choler, a third phlegm, and a fourth of blood: And if any of theſe be wanting the body muſt periſh, becauſe they equally ſuſtain it.

And all thoſe ought to be kept in an equality, or if one be predominent over the reſt, it puts the body out of order and brings diſeaſes, which many times end in death, for the blood ſtagnated and gathering into clots, cauſeth ſhortneſs of breath, which by degrees growing leſs and leſs, at laſt proves without remedy; but if a perſon be let blood in the beginning of thoſe diſordered humours, the danger may be eaſily prevented. To purge the blood.

R. Of both ſorts of ſcurvy graſs, of each ſix handfuls, of ground ivy eight handfuls, of ſage ſix handfuls, of ſcapwort root, four ounces. Acrimony and creſſes, of each four handfuls; of roſemary flowers, two drams, of leaves of roſemary and balm, of each a handful, four orange peals, a large nutmeg ſliced; put all into four gallons of new ale; and when it has done working, ſtop the barrel cloſe. Take a pint every morning, and at four in the afternoon.

Likewiſe the black choler, or melancholy, is extremely dangerous, and when it gains the aſcendant over the other, do great prejudice to the body ſeveral ways, cauſing divers diſtempers; and ſometimes prevails ſo much over the ſenſes, that a man becomes in a manner a mere ideot, and alſo raiſes a kind of ſcurf all over the body, which ſometimes turns to the meaſles, and are, beſides, very apt to make a man afraid even of his own ſhadow, and turn a ſtout man into a coward, and a well bred perſon into one that is unmannerly: But by the uſe of proper medicines, ſuch as herbs, flowers, and the like, all this may either be prevented or cured:—Firſt ſhave the head, then bleed plentifully, afterwards purge well with the extract of Hellebore; laſtly, let them uſe the following diet drink.

R. Epithymum, dodder of thyme, wood ſorrel, of each a handful, roſemary flowers, lavander flowers, of each two drams, primroſe and cowſlip roots, of each an ounce, dock root half a pound; ſlice the roots and infuſe all in a gallon of ſmall ale, and drink as common drink. White Phlegm is alſo very hurtful, if it exceed in quantity and overpower the other humours, for then they cauſe the gout, and divers diſeaſes, and are alſo prejudicial to the feet, legs knees, hands and reins, cauſing evil favor both from the teeth, mouth, noſe and ears; but alſo this may be cured by medicines compounded of roots and flowers; likewiſe by phyſical drinks, and taking a vomit.

R. Dried roſemary tops roſe leaves, lavander flowers, red ſage and mint, of each a handful, roots ſuccory, two ounces, ſenna hermoducts turbith, and ſeammony, of each two drams, of zedoary, ginger, cloves and cubebs, of each one dram, infuſe them in three quarts of good white wine for two days; take a wine glaſs full three times a day.

Yellow Choler, is likewiſe very bad when it predominates in the body, affecting the heart, and troubling the brain, and indeed weakening all the members of the body, cauſing a general faintneſs, with ſuch a loſs of appetite, that neither meat nor drink will go down:— Beſides which, it alters a man's colour, and is hurtful to the eyeſight. This alſo may be helped by taking a vomit, and applying proper medicines, compounded of the roots and flowers of ſeveral herbs.

R. Of the roots of turmerick half an ounce, tods of centary the leſs, roman wormwood and horehound, of each an handful, roots of the greater nettle two ounces, boil them in three pints of water to the half, then add two ſcruples of ſaffron tied up in a bag, and a pint of white wine, give it a warm or two, and ſtrain it for uſe; doſe, a ſmall glaſs full night and morning.

Note. That the four humours are the four complexions, which have their ſeveral times of dominion or government in the body of man, according to the ſeveral ſeaſons of the year.

I. Of the Diſpoſition of the Humours in the Body of Man in the Winter Quarter, under the Signs of Copricorn, Aquarious and Piſces.

THAT humour or complexion that governs man's body in tht winter quarter, is phlegm, which is cold and moiſt, and is under the dominion of Capricorn, Aquarious and Piſces. This is predominant from the 24th of December, till the 25th of March.

II. Of the Spring Quarter, and what Humour is predominant therein, which is governed by Aries, Taurus and Gemini.

THAT humour which is predominant in the ſecond quarter, or ſpring, is black choler, and is hot and moiſt, and their ſigns are Aries, Taurus and Gemini, and have their chief rule over the breaſt. They initiate the 22d of March, and terminate the 3d of June.

III. Of the Diſpoſition of the Humours in the third Quarter, under Cancer, Leo and Virgo.

THE third part is the ſummer quarter, and the complexion preſiding therein, is yellow choler, is hot and dry, and the ſigns this quarter is under, are Cancer, Leo and Virgo; which commences the 24th of June, and continue to the 29th of September.

IV. Of the Diſpoſition of the Humours in the fourth Quarter, under Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarious.

THE fourth part of the autumnal quarter, and the humour bearing rule therein, is melancholy, cold and dry, whoſe ſigns are Libra, Scorpio and Sagittarious, and continue their reign from the 29th of September, till the 24th of December. By a due obſervation of theſe ſeveral ſeaſons, and take heed to keep to the rule of contraries, both as to cloathing, food, and phyſic, according to what is in this book related, and through the divine benediction, he may keep himſelf free from all diſtempers. Note. That Pillitory of Spain, chewing in the mouth, purges both head and body. And alſo commun ſeed and fennel ſeed, being eaten, is good to prevent phlegm, which is the cauſe of moſt of the diſtempers that annoy the body of man.

V. Of the Body of Man from the four Parts of the World.

MUCH alſo may be known of the body of man from any diſpoſition of the four parts of the world; that is to ſay, eaſt, weſt, north and ſouth.

Firſt. As to the eaſt; this ſignifies the diſpoſition to be fiery and juvenile, and betokens ſummer. In this part the water is thin and high coloured, the groſs male very hard and ruddy, and the ſpirit ſomewhat thick and glutenous. The ſigns in this part or quarter, are Aries, Leo and Saggittarius; and the diſtempers ſignified hereby, are hot, dry, and ſubject to a choler: If a perſon be taken ſick in thoſe original ſigns, he is in danger, and cannot be cured but by medicaments of a contrary nature, that is cold and moiſt, and his diet ought alſo to be of the ſame nature: Which advice, if he follows, he may, by God's grace and mercy, be recovered.

R. Barley water a gallon, leaves of mallows, marſhmallows, violets, of each a handful, roots of marſhmallows, half a pound, liquoriſh four ounces; boil all to three quarters, ſtrain, and drink it for a common drink. Purge once a week with extraſdum rudis.

Secondly, As to the weſt; this ſignifies the diſpoſition to be airy, briſk and adoleſcent, and betokens the ſpring.

In this quarter, the water is high coloured, but yet thick withal, and the groſs male very thick and ruddy, the ſpittle beings tenuous and of a ſweetiſh taſte, and the excrementious parts diſordered. The ſigns that govern the weſt are Gemini, Libra and Aquarius. Accidental diſtempers are ſuch as proceed from ſanguine complexions, being hot and moiſt; and therefore the medicines that beſt compoſe them, are cold and dry, and care muſt be taken that the diet of the patient be of the ſame kind.

R. Shavings of ivory, hartſhorn, china, ſarſaparilla, of each two ounces, raſpings of box an ounce and a half, green twigs of the willow half a pound, quicklime water a gallon, boiled to three quarters, and drink as common drink; you may ſweeten it with ſugar or honey.

Thirdly, As to the north; this ſignifies the diſpoſition to be dull and earthly increaſing in years, and betokens autumn.

In this quarter the water is thin and whitiſh; the groſs male is thick, and of taſte like vinegar, the excrements will tetulent. The ſigns that have nomination in the north, are Taurus, Virgo and Capricorn. Sententional diſtempers proceed from melancholy, and are cold and dry, which are beſt cured by medicines hot and moiſt, and the food that the patients eat, ought to b[•] of the ſame kind.

R. Crab's eyes, calcined hart's horn, eggſhells finely powdered, cream of tartar, of each two drams; of ſage half a dram, three times a day, in a ſpoonful of good ſack, drinking a glaſs after it.

Fourthly, As to the ſouth; this ſignifies the diſpoſition to be cold, watry and weak, like to old age, and betokens winter.

In this quarter, the water is ſomewhat thick, pale, and white, the groſs male pale and thick, and the ſpittle renuous and ſweet, the excrementuous matter being weak. The ſigns that bear rule in the ſouth, are Cancer, Scorpio and Piſces. Meredian diſtempers proceed from phlegm, and are cold and moiſt, and by neceſſary conſequence, thoſe medicines that oppoſe it, muſt be hot and dry, and of the ſame nature muſt his diet alſo be, that would either prevent or cure ſuch diſtempers. R. Lignum Vitae a pound, ſaſſafraſs a pound, root of maſter wort an ounce, angelica roots two ounces, ſhavings of ivory, liquoriſh, of each four ounces, ſweet fennel ſeed bruiſed half an ounce; boiled in two galons of water to ſix quarts, and drain it off for common drinking.

VI. Directions for letting Blood in each of the twelve Months.

January] THIS month beware of letting blood on the 1ſt, 2d, 5th, 10th, 15th, 19th, 20th, and 25th days. becauſe of theſe days it is very dangerous; but to drink good white wine faſting, will both clenſe the body, and procure an appetite, but if thou haſt a deſire to be let blood, and neceſſity urge it, ſee that the ſign be good for that purpoſe, or elſe it is better letting it alone.

February.] I caution thee this month to beware of cutting any pottage made of ducks or mallows, for they are right perilous, and if thou haſt occaſion to let blood, whether it be on the wriſt or arms, let it not be upon the 4th, 8th, 16th, or 18th days, unleſs the ſign be very good, and the neceſſity very urgent.

March.] In this month take care how you eat figs or raiſins; alſo ſweet meats or drinks, but eat hot meat, and if thou haſt occaſion to be let blood, let it be on the right arm, and upon the 5th, 11th, or 17th days, for then thou may'ſt do it with advantage, it being good againſt all ſorts of fevers, but take heed of bleeding on the 1ſt, 15th, 16th, 19th, or 28th days, if thou canſt poſſibly avoid it; but if thou art under a neceſſity, ſee that the ſign be favorable.

April.] In this month I would adviſe thee to be let blood in the left arm, and upon the 3d, 12th, or 15th days, for thereby thou ſhalt both prevent the headach and ſtrengthen the eyeſight all the year after.—In this month alſo eat freſh and hot meat; but take heed of bleeding on the 7th, 8th, 10th, and 20th days, for on thoſe days it will be perilous.

May.] In this month it is good to walk abroad early in the morning, and to drink ſage ale, and to eat ſage and freſh butter, and other good meats and drink, but neither eat the head nor feet of any creature during this month. Letting blood may alſo be good for thee on the 1ſt, or the 8th day, on which arm thou pleaſeth, as likewiſe on the 27th or 28th days, and thou ſhalt find it beneficial againſt all diſtempers; but take heed of the 2d, 6th, and 25th days, for then it will be hurtful.

June.] It is the opinion of ſome phyſicians, that in this month it is good to drink cold waters faſting, every morning, and to be temperate in thy meat and drink, and if thou haſt occaſion to bleed, do it on the 28th day, and it may be beneficial; but take heed that thou bleedeſt not on the 7th, 10th, 16th, 18th, nor 20th, for thoſe are dangerous.

July.] In this month abſtain from Venus, for now both the brain and humours are open, bleed not at all this month, except on very urgent neceſſity, and then he ſure thou avoid bleeding on the 13th and 15th days, for they are perilous.

Auguſt.] In this month forbear eating any ſort of worts, or any kind of hot meats, drink of ſpices, and avoid bleeding on the 1ſt, 20th, 29th, and 30th days, on the other days, if neceſſity urge, thou mayeſt, but without an abſolute neceſſity, it is better to let it alone.

September.] In this month thou mayeſt eat fruit without danger, provided it be ripe, and not infected, out bleed not on the 4th, 16th, 21ſt, nor 22d, days; for then thou wilt find it prejudicial; but if thou bleedeſt on the 27th, or 28th days, either for the [•]alling ſickneſs, frenzy, dropſy, or palſy, thou ſhalt not need to fear them that year.

October.] In this month if you drink wine, and other wholeſome liquors, it will comfort thy heart:— but bleed not unleſs there be great occaſion, and then [•]ee that the ſign be good for thee: And yet let the occaſion be what is will, I adviſe thee to forbear bleeding on the 3d, 4th, and 5th days.

November.] In this month bleed not at all, unleſs upon great neceſſity; for now the blood lies in the head vein, neither is it convenient for thee to bathe, but thou mayeſt vent thee a little of graſing; for all the humous are now apt to bleed. But if urgent neceſſity requires thou be let blood, yet ſee that thou bleedeſt not on the 5th, 6th, 15th, 19th, 28th, nor 29th days.

December.] In this month bleed not at all, without it be abſolutely neceſſary; and yet, even in ſuch a caſe, be ſure thou doſt not on the 5th, 7th, 15th, 17th, nor 22d day; but on the 26th day, thou mayſt bleed without danger. In this month alſo ſee that thou keep thy ſhins from the fire.

Whoever it is that does intend to bleed,

Let 'em to the foregoing rules take heed:

For theſe directions were by the ANCIENTS pen'd,

To caution thoſe that do to bleed intend;

For here thou all the ſeveral days may'ſt ſee,

In which thy bleeding may unhealthful be:

Nor need'ſt thou of a doctor aſk advice,

Our AUTHOR here has been ſo very nice.

VII. Directions for the letting of Blood, ſhewing where Every Vein in the Body of Man may be readily found.

THOSE that are troubled with the megrims, fevers lethargy, or pains in the head, muſt be let blood in the vein which is in the midſt of the forehead.

Thoſe that are of a dull underſtanding, and are troubled with deafneſs and ſhortneſs of breath, alſo thoſe that have the meaſles or leproſy, muſt be let blood in the arterial vein behind the ears. Thoſe that are troubled with too much blood in the brain, which is bad for the ſight, ought to be let blood in the arterial veins near the temples; which is alſo very good againſt the gout, megrim, and divers other diſtempers of the head.

For impoſthumes, ſwelling in the throat, quinſey, and other ſuch like diſtempers, let a man bleed in the two veins under the tongue.

When the leproſy proceeds from abundance of blood it will be proper to bleed in the two original veins in the neck; but not without the advice of a phyſician.

Thoſe that are troubled with phthyſic, and ſhort-winded, and are given to ſpit blood, ought to bleed in the arm, and they will find eaſe.

Bleeding at the liver vein in the arm takes away the extraordinary heat of the body, and keeping it in a good ſtate of health, and it is very available againſt the yellow jaundice, and impoſthumes of the liver, and againſt the palſy.

The pains that come from the ſtomach and ſide, as blains, bletches, impoſthumes, and divers other accidents that proceed from too much repletion of blood, are cured in letting blood in the vein between the maſter finger and the little finger.

For the dropſy, let blood on the right ſide, between the womb and the branch. And here, note, the party ſhould bleed proportionable, according to their fatneſs, or leanneſs, and this ought not to be done without the advice of a doctor.

For blotches and impoſthumes proceeding from the groin, let blood in the vein named Sophon, which is one of the three under the ankle of the foot. It is alſo of great advantage to courſes to deſcend in men, and to prevent the Hemorrhoides in the ſecret parts.

When any perſon is taken by the peſtilence, cauſed by repletion of humours, let them bleed in the vein that is between the wriſt of the feet, and the great toe;— but let the patient be ſure to bleed within twentyfour hours after he is firſt ſeized with this diſtemper, and let it be with reſpect to the patient's body whether it be fat or lean.

If the eyes run with water, or be red, or any other ill, proceeding from the overflowing of blood and humours; let the patient bleed in two veins that are in the angle of the eyes.

If the noſe be red and pimpled, and the face be red and pimpled in the like manner, and be troubled with red drops, ſcabs, piſtules and other infections, that may proceed from too much blood; let the patient bleed in the vein which is at the end of the noſe.

For the toothache, and the canker in the mouth, let the party troubled be let blood in the four veins that are in the gums in the mouth. Thoſe that are tainted with a ſtinking breath, let them be let blood in the vein that is between the lip and the chin.

There are four veins in each arm, the biggeſt of the four is from the head, the heart challenges the ſecond, and the third from the liver; the laſt is called the lower liver vein, and comes from the melt. Theſe different veins ſhould be bled upon different occaſions: As for inſtance, for pains in the head, eyes, brain, heart, ſweeled faces, and thoſe that are red; it is moſt proper to bleed that vein in the arm which has relation to the head. For fevers, either tertains or quartans, the lower liver vein is the moſt proper to be blooded; but then care muſt be taken that the orifice be made wider, and not ſo deep as uſual, leſt thereby it not only gathers wind, but alſo damages a ſinew that is underneath it, called the lizard.

There are three veins in each, and that above the thumb is proper to bleed, in order to remove the heat of the face, and to diſſipate the thick blood, and humours that are in the head, this vein being more proper than the arm.

Againſt all fevers, tertains and quartans, phlegms, and other obſtructions about the paps and the melt, letting blood between the little finger and the leech finger, helps very much.

Againſt pain and humours in the groin and genitals, bleed a vein in the thigh.

Againſt pains in the flanks, and to diſſipate all humours that would gather therein, and to reſtrain too great a flux in the menſtrues in women, it exceedingly helps to bleed the vein under the ankle of the foot, without, which is called the Sciot.

VIII. Choice Receipts both in Phyſic and Surgery.

1. Of the great Virtue of CORUS MARCUS.

IT is a powder which you may have at the apothecaries, and this above all other medicines in the world, is the moſt excellent againſt the bloody flux, uſed as follows:—Take one ounce of conſerve of roſes, and one ſcruple of Corus Marcus, and mix them together, then let the patient eat in the morning, and faſt thereon two hours; and this (by the grace of God) will help him, although he has had it never ſo long, or ſore: It is alſo given above all other medicines, in the latter end of a dropſy, and alſo againſt the flux of the menſtrum, bleeding at the noſe, and all other fluxes whatſoever; it helpeth thoſe that ſpit blood; it is excellent to ſtop the flux in wounds, and to heal them and dry them; yet ſtrew the powder thereon.

2. Of the Virtue and Operation of the Quinteſſence of Honey and the Oil of Wax.

YOU may underſtand, that honey is rather a liquor divine, than human, becauſe it falleth from heaven upon herbs and flowers, and is ſuch a ſweet thing, that the like cannot be found on earth: This quinteſſence is of ſuch a virtue, that if a man be almoſt dead, and drink two or three drams thereof, he will preſently recover. If you waſh any wound therewith, or other ſore, it will quickly heal. It is excellent againſt the cough, catarrh, or pain of the melt, and many other diſeaſes, it helpeth the falling ſickneſs, palſy, and preſerveth the body from putrefaction. The oil of wax worketh in wounds miraculouſly healing them, be the ſame never ſo big and wide (being before wide ſtiched up) in the ſpace of eleven or twelve days, but ſmaller wounds in three or four days, by anointing the ſame therewith, and laying a cloth thereon wet with the ſame.

Moreover, for inward diſeaſes it is excellent; it provoketh urine which is ſtopped, it helpeth ſtiches, and pain of the loins, if you drink one dram thereof in white wine; it helpeth the cold gout, or ſciatica, and all other griefs coming of cold.

3 Of the manifold Operations of the Oil of Cinnamon.

THIS oil is of a malicious nature, for it pierceth through the fleſh and bones, being very hot and dry, and is good againſt all cold and moiſt diſeaſes, being comfortable for the head and heart, working the ſame operation on a dying man as the former. To be ſhort, the oil is of ſuch operation and virtue, that if a man drinks never ſo little, he ſhall feel it work to his fingers and toes ends, therefore it pierceth through the whole body, helping the diſeaſes that come of cold and phlegmatic humours: It availeth much with women in travel; it driveth away the meaſles and ſpots, if the face and hands be anointed therewith; it warms the breaſt, and helps the cold cough; it conſumes all cold fluxes that proceed from the brain and head, and cauſeth quiet ſleep; in brief, this oil may be uſed inſtead of the natural balm for many diſeaſes.

4. How to make Oil of Roſemary Flowers, with its Virtue.

TAKE roſemary flowers and ſtamp them, then put them into a glaſs with ſtrong wine and ſtop it cloſe, ſetting it in the ſun for five or ſix days, and then diſtill it with a ſoft fire, and you ſhall have both water and oil, which you muſt ſeparate, keeping the oil cloſe in a glaſs, whoſe virtue are theſe:—It helpeth againſt all pains in the head, although they have continued ſeven years; it comforteth the memory, and alſo preſerveth the eyes, if you drink now and then a drop or two, and then put another into the eyes; it helpeth thoſe that are deaf, if it be put into the ears; and alſo drink with good wine it openeth all ſtoppings of the liver and melt, and helpeth againſt the dropſy and yellow jaundice; it breaketh wind, eaſeth cholic, and riſing of the mother.

It is alſo excellent againſt the peſtilence or thoſe that have drank poiſon, if they drink of this oil, and lay them down to ſweat, it comforteth the heart, and cleanſeth the blood, and maketh a man merry, and cauſeth a good colour, it helpeth thoſe that have the canker and fiſtula, and the like; and to be brief, it helpeth all diſeaſes of the body that come of cold and moiſt humours, although ever ſo evil.

5. How to cure that troubleſome Companion, the Ague.

TAKE the common bitter drink without the purgatives two quarts, ſalt of wormwood two ounces, the beſt Engliſh ſaffron a dram. After you have taken the vomit, or a convenient purge, take half a pint of this three times a day, viz. In the morning faſting, three o'clock in the afternoon, and laſt at night.

6. How to cure that tormenting Diſeaſe, the Cholic.

TAKE anniſeed, ſweet fenel ſeeds, coriander, carraway ſeeds, of each two drams, cummin ſeeds a dram, and put them into a quart of Nantz brandy; let them infuſe three days, ſhaking the bottle three or four times a day, then ſtrain and keep it for uſe. Take two or three ſpoonfuls in the fit.

7. How to help Deafneſs, and expel Wind from the Head.

TAKE five or ſix drops or more of wine, or good aquavitae, in a ſpoon, and holding down your head on one ſide, let one pour the ſame into your ear, let it continue there for about the ſpace of half a quarter of an hour, ſtill holding your head aſide that they run not out, and then you ſhall hear a moſt terrible noiſe and rumbling in your head, which is the wind; then turn your head aſide, and the water will run out again very hot; now when you have done thus much on one ſide, you may do as much on the other, but be ſure keep your head warm after you have done; this I have often proved, and found eaſe thereby.

8. How to give eaſe, and help the raging Pain of the Teeth, without drawing.

THIS is alſo performed with the ſpirit of wine, or good aquavitae (as you have read in the former receipt) by pouring it in your ears, eſpecially on that ſide where the pain lieth, but after you have let the water run from your ears, then with more of the ſame water (againſt the fire) you muſt rub and chafe your cheeks, and under your jaws, and under your ears, ſtroaking of them upwards, with your hands toward the neck, to drive back the humours; for it is nothing elſe but a cold rheum, that diſtilleth from the head into the gums, which cauſeth the pain, therefore be ſure to keep the head warm when you have done.

9. How to ſtrengthen and comfort the Eyes.

DIP a clean rag into a few drops of aquavitae, and with the ſame wipe the corners of the eyes, eyebrows, and temples, which will keep back the rheum, and greatly ſtrengthen and comfort the eyes; of which I have often made trial, and found much comfort.

10. Of Perſons who have Bones broken, and alſo Diſlocations, or Joints diſplaced, with their Cure.

MANY times it happeneth, that legs, arms, and fingers are broken, or out of joint, and the parties ſo hurt are void of help, by reaſon they have no ſurgeon near them: Therefore, for the relief of ſuch perſons, I have here ſet down ſome directions, by which they may be eaſed of their pain; But I will not wiſh them to truſt to their own ſkill, if they have any expert ſurgeon near at hand.

If a leg or an arm be broken, then have a care to place the member in the ſame manner as it were before, which you will do in this manner:

Take a towel, and make it faſt about the place where it is broken, and then take another towel and faſten it underneath the place where it is broken, and then cauſe two men to pull thoſe two towels, that they may thereby extend or ſtretch out the member, and when the member is ſtretched forth at length, place the broken bones as they were at firſt, and ſo by little and little, let them ſlack their pulling; then have a cloth ready, ſo big that it may compaſs the whole member; wet this both in the white of an egg and oil of roſes mingled together, and lay it upon the grieved part, then roll it about with a linen roller of four fingers broad, and two yards long; wet the roller in the water and vinegar mixed together.

Firſt, Roll it about the fracture three or four times; then downward, and then upward, and faſten it; then roll it with another roller after the ſame manner, on theſe place thin ſplints of light wood armed with tow, one fingers breadth from each other, and bind them on with tape, then place the member on ſome loft pillow for twenty days; but if a painful itch do ariſe, open and foment the place with warm water, and then anoint it with Unguentum Album, and roll it up again If a finger be broken, roll it with a convenient roller, and ſplint it, and uſe the means aforeſaid.

11. A precious Salve for all thoſe that have any Member out of joint, called JEMMY of BRUNSWICK'S SALVE.

THIS Salve hath healed thoſe that have had their members out of joint, or that have been wounded, and could not ſtir or bow the member where they had the hurt; for by this ſalve did he bring many ſtiff and crooked joints again to their former ſtrength, to the great admiration of all men, both ſurgeons and others.

How to make the Salve.] Take two ounces of old hog's greaſe, and of duck's greaſe, and gooſe greaſe, hen's or capon's greaſe; linſeed meal, fenugreek meal, of each two ounces; oil olive, eight ounces; opop[•]nax, maſtich, and frankincenſe, of each an ounce; diſſolve the gums in white wine, that are to be diſſolved, and powder the other; mingle them all together when ſtirring.

12. How to order and dreſs a Wound, when it is at firſt hurt; with the Remedy.

FIRST remove all ſuch things as are in the wound, as clotted blood, wood, iron, or the like▪ then dry the blood with a cloth or ſpunge, and waſh with cold white wine, apply ſome unguents or balms to the ſame, and on that a plaiſter fit for a wound, then roll it gently and in a good form, for that helpeth to haſten the cure. If the wound be of any length, you may ſtitch it in three or more places, but be ſure to leave a place at the lower part thereof, for to purge itſelf thereby.

The end of the SECOND PART.

THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE: TREATING OF THE WISDOM OF THE ANCIENTS. PART III. Being an Aſtract of the Art of Phyſiognomy and Palmiſtry, together with the ſignification of Moles, and Interpretation of Dreams.

Of Phyſiognomy, and the Judgment made therby.

PHYSIOGNOMY is an ingenuous ſcience of knowledge of nature, by which the inclinations and diſpoſitions of every creature are underſtood; and becauſe ſome of the members are uncompounded, and enrire of themſelves, as the tongue, the ears, &c. and ſome of a mixed nature, the eye, the noſe, and others; we therefore ſay, that there are many ſigns which agree and live together, which inform a wiſe man how to make his judgment, before he be too raſh to deliver it to the world.

Nor is it to be eſteemed a fooliſh and idle art, ſeeing it is derived from the ſuperior bodies. For there is no part of the face of the man, but what is under the peculiar influence or government, not only of the ſeven planets, but alſo of the twelve ſigns of the Zodiack, and from each governing part is the nature and inclination of a man or woman plainly foretold, if the perſons undertaking this province, or pretending to it, be an artiſt. Which, that my reader may attain to, I ſhall ſet theſe things in a clearer light by the following figure.

By this the reader may ſee, at the firſt glance, that the forehead is governed by ♂ Mars; the right eye is under the dominion of ☉ Sol; the left eye is ruled by the ☽ Moon, or Luna; the right ear is the care of ♃ Jupiter, the left of ♄ Saturn; the ruling of the noſe is claimed by ♀ Venus (which by the way is one reaſon that in all unlawful veneral encounters, the noſe is ſo ſubject to bear the ſcars which are gotten in thoſe wars) and the nimble ☿ Mercury, the ſignificator of eloquence, claims the dominion of the mouth, and that very juſtly.

Thus have the ſeven planets divided the face among them, but not with ſo abſolute a ſway, but that the twelve ſigns of the Zodiac come in for a part; and therefore the ſign of ♋ Cancer preſides in the uppermoſt part of the forehead, and ♌ Leo attending upon the right eyebrow, ♐ Sagittary does upon the right eye, and ♎ Libra upo the right ear; upon the left eye and eyebrow, you will find ♒ Aquarius and ♊ Gemini and ♈ Aries taking care of the left ear; ♉ Taurus rules in the forehead, and ♑ Capricorn the chin; ♍ Scorpio takes upon him the protection of the noſe; ♏ Virgo claims the precedence of the right cheek, and ♓ Piſces of the left. And thus the face of man is cantoned out among the ſigns and planets, which being carefully attended to, will ſufficiently inform the artiſt how to paſs a judgment. For according to the nature of the ſign or planet ruling, ſo alſo is the judgment to be of the part ruled; which all thoſe that have underſtanding know eaſily how to apply.

I ſhall now proceed to give a particular judgment of the ſeveral parts of the body: And firſt. Of the head. A large head ſhews a perſon ſtupid and of a dull apprehenſion, alſo a very ſmall head ſignifies the ſame; but the head of a man being neither great nor ſmall, is the prognoſtic of a wiſe man; for all extremes are irregular, and a deviation from nature; and experience has made it manifeſt, that a great head and ſmall members, do always produce much indiſcretion and folly, both in man or woman; but we muſt alſo conſider the ſeveral parts of the head: And firſt,

Of the Hair.] The hair is only the excreſence of a moiſt brain; yet the ancients obſerve ſeveral things from it; as, if the hair be thin, it ſhews a man to be of a weak conſtitution; but if curled and thick, it ſhews the perſon to be of a hot complexion: If the hair be ſtiff, and ſtand upright, either upon the head, or any other part of the body, it ſhews the perſon extremely ſubject to fear, and very apt to be frighted. If the hair be thick and lank, it ſhews the perſon to be meek and humble, and his conſtitution inclined to cold.

Of the Forehead.] A large forehead ſhews a liberal man; but the forehead narrow, denotes a fooliſh perſon: A long forehead ſhews one apt to learn, and a high forehead, ſwelling and round, is a ſign of a crafty man, and a coward; a forehead full of wrinkles, ſhews a man to be envious and crafty.

Of the Eyes.] The eyes being moiſt and clear, ſhews mirth, good manners, and an honeſt life, but if the eyes be declining and looking downward, or red and very great, they betoken fleſhy luſt; ſmall hallow eyes ſignify covetouſneſs; grey eyes an evil man, hollow eyes a crafty man, rolling eyes a wicked and vicious man, black eyes denote a ſharp and piercing wit, but one luſtful and incontinent; great eyes denote ſloth; trembling eyes ſluggiſhneſs; glittering eyes betokens drunkenneſs; ſmilling eyes ſhew a merry life; eyes of divers colours,, and ſmall, denote one crafty and flattering; eyes turned towards the noſe, ſhew a man given to women; great drooping eyes, with an unſtable countenance, ſhew a man mad; the circle of the ball green, declares a crafty wicked man, and a thief; moiſt eyes denote ſtoutneſs of ſtomach, perfect ſpeech gluttonous and mad; high eyes, large, clear, pure and moiſt, are tokens of circumſpection, diligent perſons, and lovers; eyes always running, without ſickneſs cauſe it, ſhew fooliſhneſs; ſmall and hollow eyes, the covetous, deceitful, and angry man; cheerful eyes betoken juſt men, of pleaſant diſpoſition, kind and holy; twinkling eyes, ſhew a thief and one that lays wait to catch and enſnare men; blear eyes ſignify a whoremaſter.

Of the Eyebrows.] Upright eyebrows are amiable, but the eyebrows hanging over, ſhew an effeminate perſon. The brows very hairy, denote an impediment in his ſpeech, and the brows being extended to the temples, ſhew a man to be a ſloven, and uncleanly.

Of the Ears.] Open ears ſhew a man to be without reaſon and underſtanding; great ears an unwiſe man, and ſmall ears a fool; ſquare ears, and of a middle ſize, ſhew a learned and wiſe man.

Of the Noſe.] A great noſe ſhews a good man; a little noſe a deceitful perſon. A ſharp noſe denotes an angry perſon, and a ſcold; thick and low, a perſon of bad manners. The noſe ſtretching to the mouth, denotes honeſty, ſtrength, and aptneſs to learning. A noſe like an ape, betokens a libidinous and riotous perſon; a long crooked noſe, magnanimity and generoſity.

Of the Mouth.] A very big mouth, with the upper lip hanging over, ſignifies a man fooliſh and unſteady, alſo a raſh man, a babbler, a glutton, and an ungodly man. An indifferent large mouth, ſheweth a bold and courageous man, a warrior.

Of the Lips.] Thin lips with a little mouth, ſhews an effeminate perſon. Slender, thin and fine lips, betokens eloquence; fleſhy and great lips, a fool; and thoſe whoſe teeth bear up their lips, are generally contumelious, ſlanderers, unfaithful, alſo addicted to the love of women.

Of the face.] A lean face is a token of a wiſe man; the face plain and flat, denotes a man of ſtrife: The face without any riſing or ſwelling, denotes a perſon injurious and unclean; a fleſhy face ſhews a man apt to learn; a ſad face ſometimes denotes fooliſhneſs, and ſometimes wiſdom. A fat face ſhews a man to be a liar, and fooliſh; a round face ſignifies folly; a great face ſhews a man dull and ſlow about buſineſs; a well proportioned face ſhews a perſon to have virtuous qualities, and to live a commendable life, whether they be rich or poor.

Of the Voice.] A ſhrill voice denotes a perſon to be choleric and haſty. A great and hoarſe voice ſhews a perſon to be injurious, and of a mercileſs temper. A weak and low voice ſhews a man to be fearful and cowardly. A grave and ſlow voice ſhews a man to be of a ſedate and quiet temper, and one of great ſtrength.

Of the Neck.] A neck inclining to the right ſide, ſhews a temperate man; but turning to the left ſide, a fool, and a man given to unlawful love. A crooked neck ſhews a covetous man. A thick neck denotes a rude, barbarous, ill natured man. A long ſlender neck ſhews a man to be a coward. A thick and long neck, a furious and ſtubborn perſon. A mean neck, a ſtrong and virtuous man, and one inclined to learning.

Of the Breaſt.] A broad breaſt is always good, and preſents magnanimity, boldneſs, honeſty and courage. A narrow breaſt denotes imbecility, or weakneſs, both of body and mind. A purſy or groſs breaſt, ſhews a man to be moroſs, croſs and void of pity. The pap[•] or dugs hanging down from the breaſt, ſhews a violent choleric man.

Of the Back.] A broad back is a ſign of ſtrength; but the mean proportion of both back and breaſt is always commendable. A crooked or hunch back, is generally a token of a nigardly and covetous perſon.

Of the Belly.] A lank belly, with a high breaſt, denotes a man of underſtanding, courage, counſel; but a great belly ſhews an indiſcreet, fooliſh, proud man, and given to luxury.

Of the Arms.] Very long arms are a ſign of boldneſs, ſtrength and honeſty. Short arms denote a fomenter of diſcord and ſtrife among friends.

Of the Hands.] The hands very ſhort, denote a clowniſh, rude, ill bread perſon; and if fat and fleſhy, with the fingers ſo alſo, it ſhews they are inclined to theft. Small hands and long fingers denote a perſon of a genteel carriage, but crafty.

Of the Legs.] Large and well ſet legs denote boldneſs; large legs and full of ſinews, ſhew fortitude and ſtrength. Slender legs denote ignorance; ſhort and fat legs cruelty. Legs crooked and hollowed inwardly is a ſign of very ill men. Soft and ſwelling legs ſhew a man to be of very ill manners. The ſkin croſs and ſhort, with a ſharp heel, and fat thighs, denotes madneſs to happen to that party.

Of the feet.] Small and ſlender feet denote hardneſs, but the feet full of fleſh declare fooliſhneſs.

II. Of Palmeſtry, ſhewing the various Judgments drawn from the Hand.

ISAALL next ſay ſomething of Palmeſtry, which is a judgment made of the conditions inclinations, and fortunes of men and women, from the various lines and characters which nature has imprinted in the hand, which are almoſt as various as the hands that have them. And to render what I ſhall ſay more plain, I will in the firſt place preſent the ſcheme or figure of a hand, and explain the various lines therein.

By this figure the reader will ſee that one of the lines, and which indeed is reckoned the principal, is called the line of life; this line incloſes the thumb, ſeparating it from the hollow of the hand. The next to it, which is called the natural line, takes its beginning from the riſing of the fore finger, near the line of life, and reaches to the table line, and generally makes a triangle, thus △. The table line, commonly called the line of fortune, begins under the little finger, and ends near the middle finger. The girdle of Venus, which in another line ſo called, begins near the joint of the little finger, and ends between the fore finger and the middle finger.

The line of death is that which plainly appears in a counter line to that of life, and by ſome is called the ſiſter line, ending uſually at the other end; for when the line of life is ending, death comes, and it can go no farther. There are alſo lines in the fleſhy parts as in the ball of the thumb, which is called the mount of Venus; under each of the fingers are called mounts, which are each one governed by a ſeveral planet, and the hollow of the hand is called the plain of Mars. I now proceed to give judgment of theſe ſeveral lines. And in the firſt place take notice, that in Palmeſtry the left hand is chiefly to be regarded; becauſe therein the lines are moſt viſible, and have the ſtricteſt communication with the heart and brains. Now having promiſed theſe, in the next place obſerve the line of life, and if it be fair, extended to its full length, and not broken with an intermixture of croſs lines, it ſhews long life and health; and it is the ſame if a double line of life appears, as there ſometimes does. When the Stars appear in this line, it is a ſignificator of great loſſeſs and calamities: if on it there be the figure of two O's, or a Y, it threatens the perſon with blindneſs. If it wraps itſelf about the table line, then does it promiſe wealth and honor to be attained by prudence and induſtry; if the line be cut or rugged at the upper end, it denotes much ſickneſs. If this line be cut by any line coming from the mount of Venus, i[•] declares the perſon to be unfortunate in love, and buſineſs alſo, and threatens him with ſudden death. A croſs between the line of life and the table line, ſhews the perſon to be very liberal and charitable, and of a noble ſpirit. Let us now ſee the ſignification of the table line.

The table line, when broad, and of a lovely colour, ſhews a healthful conſtitution, and a quiet and contented mind, and courageous ſpirit: But if it have croſſes towards the little finger, it threatens the party with much affliction by ſickneſs. If the line be double, or divided in three parts in any of the extremities, it ſhews the party to be of a generous temper, and of a good fortune to ſupport it; but if this line be forked at the end, it threatens the perſon ſhall ſuffer by jealouſies, fears, and doubts, and with the loſs of riches got by deceit. If three points ſuch as theſe ... are found in it, they denote the perſon prudent and liberal, a lover of learning, and of a good temper. If it ſpreads itſelf towards the fore and middle fingers, and ends blunt, it denotes preferment. Let us now ſee what is ſignified by

The middle Finger.] The line has in it ſometimes (for there is ſcarce one hand in which it varies not) divers ſignificant characters. Many ſmall lines between this and the table line threatens the party with ſickneſs, and alſo gives him hopes of recovery. A half croſs branching into this line, declares the perſon ſhall have honor, riches, and good ſucceſs in all his undertakings. A half moon denotes cold and watery diſtempers, but a ſun or ſtar upon this line promiſeth proſperity and riches. This line doubled in a woman ſhews ſhe will have ſeveral huſbands, but without any children by them.

The line of Venus, if it happens to be cut or divided near the fore finger, threatens ruin to the party, and that it ſhall befal him by means of a laſcivious woman, and bad company. Two croſſes upon this line, one being on the forefinger, and the other bending towards the little finger, ſhews the party to be weak, and inclined to modeſty and virtue; and indeed, it generally denotes modeſty in women; and therefore thoſe who deſire ſuch wives, uſually chooſe them by this ſtandard.

The liver line, if it be ſtrait and croſſed by other lines, ſhews the perſon to be of a ſound judgment, and a piercing underſtanding; but if it be winding crooked, and bending outward, it ſhews deceit and flattery, and that the perſon is not to be truſted. If it makes a triangle △, or a quadrangle □, it ſhews the perſon to be of a noble deſcent, and ambitious of honour and promotion.

If it happens that this line and the middle line begin near each other, it denotes a perſon to be weak in his judgment, but if a woman, danger by hard labor.

The plain of Mars being in the hollow of the hand, or if the line paſſes through it, which renders it very plain, is fortune: This plain being hollowed, and the lines be crooked and diſtorted, threaten the party to fall by his ill conduct. When the lines begin at the wriſt, long within the plain, reaching the brawn of the hand, they ſhew the perſon to be one given to quarreling, often in broils, and of a hot and fiery ſpirit, by which he ſhall ſuffer much damage. If deep large croſſes in the middle of the plain, it ſhews the party ſhall obtain honor by martial exploits; but if it be a woman, that ſhe ſhall have ſeveral huſbands, and eaſy labour with her children.

The line of death is fatal, when any croſſes or broken lines appear in it; for they threaten the perſon with ſickneſs and a ſhort life. A clouded moon appearing therein, threatens a child bed woman with death. A bloody ſpot in the line, denotes a violent death. A ſtar like a comet threatens ruin by war, and death by peſtilence; but if a bright ſun appear therein, it promiſes long life and proſperity.

As for the lines in the wriſt being fair, they denote good fortune; but if croſſed and broken, the contrary.

Thus much with reſpect to the ſeveral lines in the hand. Now as to the judgment to be made from the hand itſelf: If the hand be ſoft and long, and lean withal, it denotes the perſon of a good underſtanding, a lover of peace and honeſty, diſcreet, ſerviceable, a good neighbour, and a lover of learning. He whoſe hands are very thick and very ſhort, is thereby ſignified to be faithful, ſtrong and laborious, and one that cannot long retain his anger[•] ▪ He whoſe hands are full of hairs, and thoſe hairs thick; and great ones, and his fingers withal crooked, he is thereby noted to be luxurious, vain, falſe, of a dull underſtanding and diſpoſition, and more fooliſh than wiſe. He whoſe hands and fingers do bend upwards, is commonly a liberal man, ſerviceable, a keeper of ſecrecy, and apt (to be poor for he is ſeldom fortunate) to do any man courteſy. He whoſe hand is ſtiff and will not bend at the upper joint near his finger, is always a wretched miſerable perſon, covetous, obſtinate, incredulous, and one that will believe nothing that contradicts his own private intereſt. And thus much ſhall ſuffice to be ſaid of judgment made by Palmeſtry.

III. Of the ſignification of Moles in any Part of the Body.

A MOLE on the forehead of a man o[•] woman, denotes they will grow rich, and attain to great poſſeſſions, being beloved of their friends and neighbours.

A mole on the eyebrow ſhews a man to be incontinent, and given to the love of women; but if it be a woman, it ſignifies a good huſband.

He or ſhe that has a mole on the noſe, ſignifies they love their pleaſure more than any thing elſe.

A mole on the chin, ſhews the party ſhall never ſtand in need of his kin, but ſhall get money and grow very rich.

A mole on the neck, denotes him honorable and prudent in all his actions; but if a woman, it ſhews her a weak judgment, and apt to believe the worſt of her huſband.

A mole on a man's ſhoulder ſignifies adverſity, and threatens him with an unhappy end; but a woman having a mole in the ſame place, ſhews ſhe ſhall abound in honor and riches.

A man or woman having a mole on the wriſt or hand denotes increaſe of children, but affliction in old age.

A man or woman having a mole near the heart upon the breaſt, ſhews them irregular, wicked, and malicious.

A mole on the belly ſhews the perſon ſhall be addicted to gluttony and laciviouſneſs.

A mole on the knee ſhews a man ſhall be fortunate in marrying, and that his wife ſhall be beautiful, virtuous, and very wealthy; a woman having one in the ſame place ſhews ſhe ſhall be virtuous, happy, and fruitful in children.

A mole on the foot ſhews a man ſhall get riches and be happy in his children; if a woman hath the ſame it alſo betokens her the ſame happineſs.

IV. Of the Interpretation of Dreams as they relate in good or bad Fortune, &c.

TO dream you are bit by a ſerpent ſignifies ſome danger will befal you by ſecret and ſubtil enemies. To dream you fly in the air, ſignifies a ſpeedy journey, or ſome haſty news. To dream you fight and overcome, ſignifies you will get the better in lawſuits or other controverſies. To dream a lion fawns upon you, denotes the favor of great perſons. To dream of black coffins and mourners denotes the death of ſome loving friend or relation. To dream you ſee a friend dead, denotes the perſon to be in good health. To dream you are in a field of ſtanding corn, betokens proſperity and love. To dream of gathering up ſmall pieces of money, betokens loſs and diſappointment, but receiving of money profit and advantage. To dream you are on horſeback, and that he runs away with you, denotes you ſhall ſpeedily be called away from ſome buſineſs contrary to your liking. A woman dreaming ſhe kiſſes another woman denotes diſappointment in love and barrenneſs. To dream you are pleaſantly ſailing on calm water denotes a peaceable and quiet life; but if a ſtorm, it denotes trouble. For a woman to dream a ring is put on her finger, denotes ſucceſs in love and marriage; but if it be ſuddenly took off, or near off, it ſignifies diſappointment in love, and the breaking off the match. To dream of fire denotes anger and loſs. To dream you ſee a ſow with pigs denotes fruitfulneſs. To dream you are hunting a hare, and ſhe eſcapes; denotes diſappointment in buſineſs. To dream a louſe falls from your neck, betokens the ſign of friends. To dream you are courting a beautiful woman, betokens flattery. To dream you are ſailing againſt your will, to deſcend from a pleaſant hill, betokens falling from promotion, and diſappointment in preferment. To dream of a ſudden fit of joy at the fight of any thing, betokens the arrival of friends. To dream you are at banquets, but do not eat, betokens ſcarcity. To dream you put on a new glove, and it remains ſo, betokens new friendſhip or marriage. To dream you fall into a deep pit, denotes ſome ſudden ſurpriſe or danger. A woman to dream ſhe is with child, betokens ſorrow and heavineſs. To dream that you can quench fire, denotes over-coming anger, and recovery from ſickneſs. To dream you hear a voice, but ſee not what utters it, denotes you ſhall be deluded by feigned pretenders. To dream you are walking in a garden of flowers, and among groves of trees, denotes much pleaſure and delight to enſue from virtuous converſation. To dream of moons contending in the firmament, donotes diviſion among friends and relations. To dream your teeth are drawn or drop out, denotes the loſs of children or other relations. To dream of drinking unmercifully, denotes diſpleaſure, croſſes and ſickneſs. To dream you are purſued by furious wild beaſts, but cannot avoid them, denotes danger from enemies. To dream you ſee your deceaſed brothers or ſiſters, ſignifies long life. To dream you are ſhooting with a bow, ſignifies honor and preferment. To dream you are making candles, denotes great rejoicing. To dream you are going to hear divine ſervice, ſignifies conſolation. To dream you build a church or erect an altar, ſignifies ſome of thy family will become a prieſt. To dream you ſee a perſon ſitting or lying in a church, ſignifies change of apparel. To dream you are playing with cards is a very good ſign.

V. Pleaſant Queſtions in Arithmetick.

1. A THIEF breaking into an orchard, ſtole a certain number of pears, and at his coming out he met three men, one after another, who threatened to accuſe him of theft, and for to appeaſe them he gave unto the firſt man half the pears that he had ſtole, who returned him back 12 of them; then he gave unto the ſecond half of the pears he had remaining, who returned him back 7; and upon the third man he gave half his reſidue, who returned him back 4; and in the end he had ſtill remaining 36 pears. Now I do demand how many pears he ſtole in all? To anſwer this queſtion you muſt work backwards; for if you take 4 from 20 there will remain 16, which being doubled makes 32, from which abate 7, and there will remain 25, whic[•] being doubled makes 50, from which ſubtract 12, and [•]here will remain 38, which again being doubled, makes 76, the true number he gathered.

2. Let the party that thinketh double the number that he thought, which done, bid him multiply the ſum of them both by 5, and give you the product, which they will never refuſe to do (it being ſo far above the number thought) from which if you abate the laſt figure of the product (which will always be a cypher of 5) the number thought will remain.

Example. Let the number thought be 53, which doubled makes 106, and multiply by 5, makes 530; then if you take away the cypher which is the laſt place, there will 53, the number thought.

3. A certain man having three daughters, to the eldeſt he gave 21 apples, to the ſecond he gave 16 apples, and to the third he gave ten apples, and ſent them to market to ſell them, and gave them command to ſell one as many a penny as the other (namely ſeven a penny) and every one to bring home ſo much money as the other, and neither change apples nor money's one with another. How could that be?

This to ſome may ſeem impoſſible, but to the arithmeticians very eaſy. For whereas the eldeſt had three pence worth and one apple over, the ſecond two pence worth and two apples over, and the youngeſt had one penny's worth and three apples over; ſo that the youngeſt had ſo many ſingle apples and one penny's worth, as the eldeſt had penny worths and one apple over. So conſequently to the ſecond proportionable t[•] them both. They made their market thus, —a ſteward coming to buy fruit for his lady, bought all the apples they had at ſeven a penny, leaving the odd ones behind; then had the eldeſt ſiſter three pence and one apple, the middle ſiſter two pence and two apples, and the youngeſt one penny and three apples. The ſteward brought the fruit to his lady, ſhe liked it ſo well that ſhe ſent him for the reſt, who replied there were but a few remaining.

She, notwithſtanding, ſent him for them at any rate. The ſteward coming to the market again, could not buy the odd apples under a penny a piece, he was fain to give it, then had the youngeſt ſiſter three pence worth, the middle ſiſter two pence worth, and the eldeſt one-penny's worth, and ſo they had all four pence a piece, and yet ſold as many for a penny one as another, and neither changed apples nor monies one with another, as they were commanded.

4. A man bought 120 eggs at three a penny, having 120 to the hundred, alſo he bought 100 more at two a penny, having likewiſe 120 to his hundred; theſe eggs being mingled, he ſold them 5 for two pence, and 120 to the hundred as he bought them: The queſtion is, whether he gained or loſt in the bargain?

If you work by the rule of three direct, you ſhall find that his 120 eggs, at three for a penny, came to three ſhillings and four pence, and his 120, at two for a penny, came to five ſhillings, which being added, makes eight ſhillings and four pence. Then again, to ſee what they come to at five for two pence, work likewiſe by the rule of three direct, and you ſhall find that 240 at 5 for two pence, comes to but eight ſhillings, whereby the ſeller loſeth four pence of the money that they firſt coſt him.

The End of the THIRD PART.

THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE: TREATING OF THE WISDOM OF THE ANCIENTS. PART IV. The Farmer's Calendar; Containing, 1ſt. Perpetual Prognoſtications for Weather. 2d. The whole Myſtery of Huſbandry. 3d. The complete and experienced Farrier, Cowleech, Shepherd and Swineherd, &c.

A YEAR is the principal part of time, by which not only the ages of man and other things, but alſo the times of many actions in the world, their beginning, progreſs, continuance and intervals are meaſured: and is a periodical revolution of a great circle of months and days, in which the four ſeaſons of Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter, are, after one revolution of the ſun, ordained to return to their courſes.

But there are divers ſorts of years, as ſay the ancients, according to divers nations, which are different from one another, reduced to the rule of celeſtial motions. The year is divided in aſtronomical and political parts.

The aſtronomical year is two fold, that is Solar and Lunar.

The ſolar year is the time in which the ſun, by his proper motion, departing from one point of the ecliptic, returns to the ſame again. And there is called either natural or ſyderical.

1. The natural or tropical year, is the ſpace of time in which the ſun is departing out of the tropical, equinoctial, or ſolſtitial point, and returning through the ecliptic, returneth to the ſame again.

This natural, or tropical year, contains 365 days, 5 hours, 49 minutes, 15 ſeconds.

The true and unequal tropical year, is ſometimes more, and ſometimes leſs than the equal, by 6 or 7 minutes; ſo it increaſeth, or decreaſeth, according to the ſwift or ſlow progreſs of the equinoctial or ſolſtitial points.

2. The ſyderial year is the ſpace of time in which the ſun returns to the ſame ſtar, from whence he departed; and is 365 days, 6 hours, 6 minutes, but in the ſeconds there is a difference among authors.

Now the lunar year is likewiſe two fold; the common, which is 12 moons, or 354 days, 8 hours, &c.

The embilliſmal, which is 13 moons or lunations, containing 383 days, 21 hours, &c.

The political and civil years, are ſuch as are commonly uſed for the diſtinction of times, wherein reſpect had either to the motion of the ſun or moon only, or to them both together, according to the cuſtom of divers nations.

The Julian or old Roman year, conſiſted of 365 days and 6 hours; this Julian account, or year, is uſed by the Engliſh, Muſcovites, Syrians, Abaſſenees and Ethiopians, though the names of the months differ. It is held to begin (with the vulgar) on the 1ſt of January, which is therefore called New Year's Day; but according to the ſtate accounts, the year begins not till the year; as for example: The firſt day of January next will be reckoned the firſt day of the year 1797. But becauſe the ſtate firſt account begins not till the 25th of March they commonly write the date double, thus 1719—20 from the 1ſt of January till the 25th of March, after which they write only 1720.

The Gregorian, or new Roman year, is ſo called, becauſe mended by Pope Gregory XIII. conſiſts of 365 days, 5 hours, 40 minutes and 12 ſeconds▪ It begins on our 22d of December, being ten days before the Julian, and received in all countries, as owing the authority of the See of Rome, and in ſome proteſtant countries alſo; as in ſix of the ſeven provinces, Utrecht keeping the Julian account.

I. Of Months.

THE months by which we meaſure the year, are of two ſorts, viz. aſtronomical, and political, and each hath ſeveral diviſions; aſtronomical or natural, are according to the motion of the ſun and moon; and be either Solar or Lunar; the Solar are the ſpace of time in which the ſun runs through a twelfth part of the Zodiac, of which there are two ſorts, mean or equal, true or unequal; an equal ſolar month, is the time in which the ſun by his mean motion, goeth a twelfth part of the Zodiac, and is always 30 days, 10 hours, 26 minutes, 6 ſeconds, &c. But the true or apparent, is according to the true motion of the ſun through the Zodiac; for when he is in, or near his apogaeon, the months are longer, but when he is in, or near his perigaeon, they are ſhorter. Lunar months are referred to the moon's motion, and are chiefly three fold, viz.—Firſt, periodical, which is the ſpace of time in which the moon, by her motion, goes through the Zodiac, and is about 27 days, 8 hours; ſecondly, ſynodical, which is the ſpace of time from one conjunction to another, being performed according to the moon's mean motion, in 29 days, 22 hours, 44 minutes, and about 4 ſeconds: But according to the moon's true motion, it is ſometimes greater or leſſer, by about 12 hours.—Thirdly, the month of illumination, or apparition, is ſaid to be 28 days, or four weeks, it being the longeſt time that the moon is to be ſeen between the change and change: Laſtly, the political months are evil and uſual: As every nation beſt pleaſe; which differ both in proportion and name.

II. Of Days and Hours.

DAYS are either natural or artificial[•]. A day natural is one entire revolution of the ſun about the earth, which is performed in 24 hours, containing both day and night: And this day the Engliſh begin at midnight; but the aſtrologers begin at midday, or noon. An artificial day is from ſunriſing to ſunſetting: differs in length of ſequal hours, according to the ſun's place in the Zodiac, and latitude of the region; but in unequal hours (called planetary hours) are 22, ſo that one hour is the 12th part of the day, be it long or ſhort, and the hours that make an artificial, are from [•] to 6; that is, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

I ſhall now give ſome brief directions for the knowledge of the weather.

III. Signs of Fair Weather.

THE ſun riſing bright and clear, if he drive the clouds before him into the weſt. If at the riſing there appears a circle about him, and it vaniſhes equally away. If the ſun be red. If the moon be clear three days after the change, or three days before the full. If the clouds appear with yellow edges. A cloudy ſky, clearing againſt the wind. The rainbow after the rain appearing meanly red. Miſts coming down from the hills, and ſetting in the vallies; or white miſts riſing from the waters in the evening. Crows or ravens gaping againſt the ſun. Beetles flying in the evening. Bats flying abroad ſooner than ordinary. Many flies or grots playing in the ſunſhine at evening.

IV. Signs of Rain.

IF the ſun be fiery red at his riſing. If he ſhews pale and wan. If the moon, three or four days after the change, is blunt at both ends, the thicker, the more. A circle about the moon. If the great ſtars be only ſeen, and they look only dim. The rainbow appearing in a fair day, the greater it is, the more rain. Birds waſhing themſelves. The chattering of a pye, peacocks and ducks often crying. The owl crying chewit often; ſwallows flying low; the working of an inſect called a ſpinner. Many worms appearing above ground. The beaſts eating greedily, and licking their hoofs. The biting of fleas, gnats, &c. The ſoot falling much from chimnies. The ſweating of ſtones. A circle round a candle. Aches in ancient people's limbs or corns. Bells heard at a farther diſtance than uſual. Sparks gathering together in the fire. No dew morning nor evening, &c. All theſe are ſure ſigns of rain.

V. Signs of Wind or Tempeſt.

RED clouds appearing in the morning. Much ſhooting of ſtars. The rainbow red. Black circles with red ſtreakes about the moon, ſtars dim and fiery. Autumnal fair, a windy winter. Cloulds flying ſwift in the air. Fire burning pale or buzzing. Ravens clapping themſelves with their wings. The high flying of the hern. Crying of ſwine. The herb trefoil looking very rough.

VI. Of the Rainbow.

THE rainbow is that bow which the Almighty was pleaſed to place in the firmament, as a token for Noah, that he would drown the earth no more. As to the natural cauſe of it; it is cauſed by many beams ſtriking upon a hollow cloud, with which it is ſoon repelled and driven back againſt the ſun; and this ariſeth variety of colours, by the mixing of clouds, air and fiery light together: There it is ſoon in oppoſitjon to the ſun, for the moſt part in the evening.

VII. Of Rain.

THE ancients deſcribe rain to be cold and earthly vapours or humour, is exhaled from the earth and waters by the beams of the ſun, and carried into the middle region of the air, where, by the extremity of the cold, it is thickened in the body of a cloud; and afterwards being diſſolved through an acceſſion of heat, it falleth upon the earth; and this is done by GOD's power, and at his appointment, as the prophet Amos witneſſeth. Amos iv. 6. and ix. 6.

VIII. Of Hail.

HAIL is nothing but rain congealed into ice by the coldneſs of the air freezing the drops after the diſſolving or the cloud; and the higer it comes, and the longer it tarries in the air, the rounder and leſſer it is; we have ſometimes great ſhowers of hail in the heat of ſummer after a thunder clap; which doth manifeſt, that the air at the ſame time is extreme cold, thus to congeal the water therein, notwithſtanding the heat then upon the earth.

IX. Of Snow.

SNOW (as ſay the ancients) is of the [•]ame [•]umour that hail is, but only looſer parts; and therefore in the ſummer time is melted into rain before it cometh down.

X. Of Froſt and Dew.

IN the day time, through the heat of the ſun, there is a cold and moiſt vapour drawn up a little from the earth; which, after the ſetting of the ſun, deſcends on the earth again, and is called dew; but if by the coldneſs of the air it be congealed, it is called froſt; and therefore in hot ſeaſons, and in windy weather, dews are not ſo frequent, nor ſo much, as after a calm and a clear night; for when froſts happen, they dry up wet and moiſture; for the ice being melted, the water is proportionably leſs.

XI. Of Wind.

WIND is ſaid to be an exalation hot and dry, engendered in the bowels of the earth: and being gotten out, is carried ſide long upon the face of the earth, and cannot mount upwards above the middle region of the air, which, by reaſon of its coldneſs, doth beat it back, ſo as by much ſtrife, and by meeting other exhalations, its motion is forced to be rather round than right in its falling; and this makes it a wriſtpoſt or whirlwind, which oftentimes, by its violence, carrieth many things with it from place to place.

XII. Of Earthquakes.

THE ancients affirm that the cauſe of earthquakes is plenty of winds gotten, and confined within the bowels of the earth which is ſtriving to break forth, cauſing a ſhaking, or ſometimes a cleaving of the earth, and thereby the diſtruction of many people, and ruin of whole towns and cities, as the fate of Sicily has but lately ſhewn us▪ by ſinking of mountains, and riſing of vallies. But though what I have ſaid may be the natural cauſe of earthquakes, yet doubtleſs, the final cauſe is God's anger againſt provoking ſinful people; which ought to make our fears to tremble, leſt God for our ſins ſhould cauſe the earth under us to do ſo.

XIII. Of Thunder and Lightning.

THUNDER and lightning is occaſioned by an exhalation hot and dry, and being carried up into the middle region of the air, and there into the body of a cloud: Now theſe two contrarieties being thus ſhut or incloſed into one place together, they fall at variance, whereby the water and fire agree not, till they have broken through, ſo that fire and water fly out of the clouds, the breaking whereof, makes that noiſe which we call thunder, and the fire is lightning; which is firſt ſeen, though the thunder crack be firſt given, becauſe our ſight is quicker than our hearing; for ſooner the thunder is heard, after the lightning is ſeen, the nearer it is to us.

XIV. Of the Eclipſes and Cauſes.

BY an eclipſe, in general, is underſtood a defect of light happening in ſome of the celeſtial bodies, and is ca[•]ſed by the interpoſition of an oblique body, and our ſight. Now the opinion of aſtronomers are, that all the planets of themſelves are dark bodies, having no light but what they receive from the ſun, but the ſun and fixed ſtars are naturally luminous; whence it will follow, that any planet interpoſing betwixt the ſun and our ſight, ſo alſo our primary plannet coming betwixt the ſun and its ſecondary, deprives the ſecondary of its light, and conſequently renders ſuch ſecondary planet unilluminated to its primary.

2. Of Eclipſes of the Sun.

AN eclipſe of the ſun is cauſed by the diametrical interpoſition of the moon betwixt the ſun and the earth, which commonly happens at the new moon, or when ſhe is in conjunction with the ſun; but every new moon doth not cauſe an eclipſe, becauſe of her latitude; yet the ſun ſeldom eſcapeth a year together without appearing eclipſed in ſome part of the earth or other, becauſe twice in one year the ſun and one node meet; alſo in the conjunction, or new moon, doth not happen juſt at the ſun's paſſing by the node, but within half a degree from the node, he then muſt ſuffer an eclipſe greater or leſſer, according as the node is nearer or remote from him at he time of true conjunction; but if the meeting of the ſun, and either node, happen at the very full moon, then ſhe ſhall totally eſcape an eclipſe of the new moon.

3. Eclipſes of the Moon.

AN eclipſe of the moon is nothing but her being deprived of the ſun's light, by the interpoſition of the earth betwixt the ſun and her, which can never happen but when the moon is at full; nor doth it always happen then becauſe of latitude, for if the ſun of the ſemidiameter of the moon, and the earth's ſhaddow, at the time of the true full, be more than the moon's latitude, ſhe will be eclipſed; but if the ſun of the ſemidiameter be leſs than the latitude, ſhe cannot ſuffer an eclipſe that is full; and though every full moon there are not an eclipſe, yet ſhe rarely paſſeth a year together without being eclipſed little or much, for the ſun paſſeth her nodes every year.

4. Eclipſes either Total or Partial.

TOTAL eclipſes are ſuch as quite cover the illuminated body, and are either central or not; central a[••] when the centers of the ſun, earth and moon being in a ſtraight line, or when the centers of the ſun earth and moon coincide; not central, are when the centers do not coincide, though notwithſtanding they may be total: Partial, are when the ſun, moon, or other luminous bodies are but partly darkened.

Now the moon being leſs than the earth, much leſs than the ſun, ſolar eclipſes are never or very rarely total; yet if it happen the moon be perigaeon and the ſun apogaeon, an eclipſe of the ſun may be total; for when the moon's apparent diameter exceeds the ſun's conſiderably, and her quick and perfect ſhadow reaches the ſuperficies of the earth, by which ſuch places that are ſituated within the compaſs of this perfect ſhadow (the diameter which is about 300 miles) do loſe the whole light of the ſun, which has cauſed ſuch darkneſs, that the ſtars have appeared at noonday, and ſo dreadful, that the birds have fell to the ground.

XV. Of the four Quarters of the Year; and firſt of the Spring.

THE ſpring of vernal quarter begins when the ſun enters into the Ram or Aries (which is with us the tenth day of March, aſtronomically) thereby making the days and nights equal to all the world, the ſun then riſing due eaſt, and ſetting due weſt. This quarter continues white the ſun goes through Aries, Taurus and Gemini.

This quarter is naturally hot and moiſt; the moſt temperate in all the year, being both pleaſant and healthful, and moſt convenient for taking of phyſic, either to remove chronical diſtempers, or to prevent them for the time to come.

2. Of Summer.

THE ſummer or feſtival quarter, begins when the ſun touches the firſt minute of Cancer or the Crab, thereby making the longeſt days and ſhorteſt nights, to thoſe that dwell on the north ſide of the equinox, which uſually happen about the month of June, after which the days decreaſe. This quarter continues till the ſun hath gone through Cancer, Leo and Virgo.

This quarter is hot and dry; for then the ſun is in full height and ſtrength, bringing in perfection the productions of the earth, the time of gathering in the harveſt, being chiefly in the laſt month of this quarter.

3. Of the Autumnal Quarter.

THE autumnal quarter begins when the ſun is ſaid to touch the firſt minute of Libra, or Balance, thereby making the day and night again of equal length, which is uſually upon the 12th day of September, then likewiſe the ſun riſeth due eaſt, and ſets due weſt. This quarter continues while the ſun goes through Libra, Scorpio and Sagittary.

This quarter is generally held to be cold and dry, though it often proves moiſt and wet; for the ſun now withdraws his heat, and thereby cauſeth the falling of the leaves from the trees, whence this quarter is alſo called the fall of the leaf.

4. Of the Winter.

THE winter, or hymeneal quarter, begins when the ſun touches the firſt minute of the tropical ſign Capricorn, which is for the moſt part about the middle of December, thereby making the ſhorteſt days and longeſt nights to thoſe who dwell on the north ſide of the equinoctial; and the contrary to thoſe that dwell on the ſouth ſide. This quarter continues while the ſun makes his progreſs through Capricorn, Aquarius and Piſces.

This quarter continues cold and moiſt, being directly oppoſite to ſummer; for now the fields look barren and the trees naked.

XVI. The experienced Huſbandman; ſhewing how to Manure, Plough, Sow and Weed, &c.

THE firſt point of huſbandy is, to prepare the ground; the ſecond to plough it well; the third to dung it well. The ways of doing this are divers, according to the nature of every ſoil and country. Only take notice, that all great fields are tilled with the plough and ſhear, but the leſſer with the ſpade.

The ſeaſon of the year, and the weather alſo, is to be obſerved in the ploughing of the ground; you muſt not plough in wet ground; nor yet after very little rain, that is, if after a great drought, a little rain falls which hath not gone deep, but only wet the upper part, for the ground ought to be thoroughly mellowed, but not too wet, for if it be too wet, you can expect but ilttle benefit that year; you muſt therefore obſerve that the ſeaſon be neither too dry, nor too wet, for much dryneſs will hinder it from working well, becauſe either the hardneſs of the earth will reſiſt the plough, or if it ſhould enter, yet it never will break the clods ſmall enough, which will be hurtful to the next ploughing, but if your firſt ploughing has been in a dry ſeaſon, it will be neceſſary to have ſome moiſture in your ſecond ſtiring, which will alſo make your labor the more. When the ground is rich and wet withal, it is to be ſtired, when the weeds are full grown, and have their ſeeds in the top, which being ploughed ſo thick, that you can ſee where the coulter hath gone, utterly kills[•] and deſtroys them; beſides through many ſtirrings, your fallow is brought to ſo fine mould, that it will need very little harrowing when you ſow it; and ſeeing ſo much depends upon the well ploughing of the ground, the huſbandman muſt try whether his ground be well ploughed or not, or otherwiſe, the ſtalks being covered with the mould, he may be eaſily deceived; to be certain, therefore, let him thruſt down a rod in the ſorrow, and if it pierce alike in every place, 'tis a ſign the ground is well ploughed, but if it be ſhallow in one place, and deep in another, the ploughing is faulty. If you are to plough upon a hill, you muſt not plough up and down, but thwart, for ſo the inconvenient ſteepneſs is to be avoided, and the labor of men and cattle made more eaſy, but then you muſt be careful not to plough always one way, but ſometimes higher, and ſome times lower, working aſ[•]ope as you ſee needful.

As to the ſeaſon of ploughing, it muſt be chiefly in the ſpring, the ground being in the ſummer too hard, and in the winter too dirty; but in the ſpring, the ground being mellowed, is the more eaſy to be wrought upon; and the weeds are then turned in, and being plucked up by the roots before they are ſeeded, will not ſpring again, but help to enrich the ground, And therefore the middle of March is uſually the beſt time to begin ploughing. But yet if the ground be light and ſandy, it may be ploughed in the winter, if the weather will permit. A ſlender and level ground, ſubject to water, ſhould be ploughed in the end of Augu[•]t, and ſtirred again in September, and prepared for ſowing about the middle of March. The light hilly ground is broke up about the middle of September, for if it be broken up before, it may be burnt up by the ſun, and have no goodneſs remaining in it, being barren and without juice. But this ſhall ſuffice to be ſpoken of breaking up the ground.

Now if your ground be barren and cold, producing ſtore of weeds or ruſhes, or to bring it to a moderate heat, and ſo make fruitful, let it be manured with lime. The limeſtones may be had among quarries of ſtones, and in divers other places, and you may burn them in a kiln, in the moſt convenient place you have to ſave the carriage; and when you have ſanded your ground and hacked it, make your lime ſmall, and on every a[•]re beſtow thirty or forty buſhels of lime, ſpreading it, and mixing it well with earth and ſand; and the ſtronger and ſharper the lime is, the better the earth will be, and you will find your improvement anſwer your labor. And here note, that it is no matter what color your lime ſtones are, whether white or grey, ſo that they be but ſharp and ſtrong in quality to give a good tincture to the earth, it being the ſtrength and goodneſs of the lime, and not its beauty, that produces the profit. It is a greater help to a cold, clayey wet ground; ſuch grounds are alſo very much helped by laying dung, or any ſoil that is fattening, either of cattle, or ſuch as is caſt out of pond lakes, or muddy ditches, for barren and hot earth can never be overlaid with good manure and compoſt, for that warms the earth, and it is the want of warmth makes it unfruitful.

As for the hacking and ſanding before mentioned, the firſt is, after the ground has been turned up with the plough, to go over it with a long hoe, or hack, and cut in pieces the graſs which you ſee turned up with ridges or furrows, or any uneven lumps, that it may be dragged away, burnt, or carried together with the weeds, not to grow up again, to incumber the corn. And landing it, to bring loads of ſand, and lay them in convenient places, ſpreading them lightly, or thick (as you ſee occaſion) over the ground, that the lime mixing with it, may the better embody with the mould, and produce a good crop.

But beſide what I have already mentioned, there are ſeveral other ways of manuring land: I will mention ſome of them, for the huſbandman's better information. But here it will not be amiſs to take notice, that what will do very well for one ſort of land, will not do at all for another; and therefore in manuring of land, regard muſt be had to the nature of it: As for example; for a clayey ground, lime and ſand is excellent to manure it with, but for a barren ſandy ground, good marle is much more proper. If it be aſked, What this marle is? I anſwer, it is a rich cliff clay, an enemy to all weeds that ſpring up of themſelves, and gives a generative virtue to all ſeeds that are ſown in the ground. It is of a glewy ſubſtance, in quality cold and dry, and was earth before ti was marle, it is nothing but a rich clay of divers colours, according to the ſtrength of the ſun and climate where it is produced. This is ſo good a manure, that well laid on, it will enrich the barreneſt ground for ten years, and ſome for thirty. To find it, take an auger whimble, made to hold many bits, one longer than another, till you have tried, by drawing the earth into one place, then proceed in the moſt proper places till you come to the marle, and the propereſt places are in the loweſt parts of high countries, near the brooks and lakes, and in the high parts of low countries, upon the knolls or little hills, and in the clefts of ſteep banks, or branches in hills opening themſelves; in ſome places it lies deep, in others ſhallow; and commonly barrenly ſandy grounds are verged with it, lying very deep. Having found it, dig it up in great lumps, and lay it in heaps a yard diſtance one from another, and when it is dried, ſpread all the heaps.—Many mix the marle with the ſand; but becauſe this is not ſo eaſy to come at, I will ſpeak of others more general, that will enrich any poor ſand or city for grain, with leſs trouble and coſt than before.

Woolen rags are very profitable for manuring and enriching of land, a ſackful and half being ſufficient for dreſſing an acre of arable ground. The way of uſing them is to chop them very ſmall, and ſpread them an equal thickneſs over the land before the following time, and then coming to fallow, let the plough take them carefully into the ground, and cover them.

Shavings, or waſte horns, or hoofs of beaſts, are very good to manure land withal; ſcatter the ſhavings in the ſame manner, and plough them in after heat. Theſe will keep the ground in like quality as the rags, for five years together, without any renewing. The hoofs of cattle are approved of for this, and may be had of trotter and tripe men, &c. and muſt be uſed as the rags and ſhavings. Soap aſhes, when the lye has been drained from them, is of excellent uſe in this caſe, and has beſides the property of killing weeds and inſects that breed in the ground, and eat up the corn. The hair of beaſts enriches land, being ſtrewed and ploughed in, and there let it lie to rot. Alſo malt duſt is much available to this purpoſe, allowing three quarts of it to an acre. And to enrich your dung or layſtall, is to throw often beef broth, and other waſte broths upon it, as alſo ſoap ſuds; and in ſo doing one load will be worth three of the ſame kind that is not ſo uſed. But this ſhall ſuffice as to manuring of ground.

In ſowing of your ſeed, let your grain be the beſt, and ſcatter it according to the art of good huſbandry, and let your ſprinkling be a medium, not too much, nor too little. But to make the ſeed proſper the better, ſteep it in thick ſlimy water, that drains from dunghills, and if no ſuch is to be had near at hand, ſteep cow dung in water, and ſoak the ſeed in it; wheat will be well ſoaked in 18 hours; barley in 36; peas in 12; but rye and oats may be ſowed dry, for that agrees beſt with them.

But when the ſeed is ſown, all is not done; you muſt take care to prevent the deſigns of thoſe that will make void all your labour, and defeat your hopes, or elſe, though you have ſown your corn, you ſhall never ſee it come up; rooks, crows and daws, are great devourers of grain, who will be ſure to be about you when you go to ſow; to keep theſe at a diſtance, ſhoot ſome of them, and hang them upon poles in divers angles of your field; ſtick their feathers along the ridges of the land; lay trains of gunpowder and blow the powder up, or let it lie ſcattered in the moſt frequented places, and the ſcent of it will make them forſake the field, eſpecially now and then ſhooting a little; you may alſo take great numbers of them by placing ſtrong thick brown paper, twiſted taper wiſe, like thoſe on ſugar loaves, in holes of the earth, the broad top coming even with the ground, bird lime the inſide, and ſcatter ſome grain in it, and then the fowl putting in his head to take it out, the paper ſo limed will ſtick cloſe, and riſe with him, when being blindfolded, in amaze he will fly up a great height, and will fall down again, ſo that if you be near at hand, he may eaſily be taken. Alſo the ſcattering nux vomica, mingled with paſte, if taken by them (as ſeldom miſſes) will, make them ſo ſick that they will forſake the field. If you lime your corn they will forſake it; and ſo they will, if it be ſteeped in water wherein wormwood has been boiled, or infuſed; or elſe ſprinkling your corn with the dregs of bitter oil, and it will do the like, making them caſt it up ſick, and not deſirous of any more: And theſe with hanging bunches of feathers on lines or ſticks, that the wind may dangle and twirl them about, may help to preſerve your corn when newly ſown; and this laſt alſo may be uſed when it is ripe. But theſe di[•]ections relate only to fowl, who, notwithſtanding all you can do, will be ſure to come in for a ſhare with you.

But there are other deſtroyers of your corn beſides birds, which you muſt likewiſe take care to deſtroy; among which are the piſmires or ants, who will do a great deal of miſchief by biting off the chits or ſprouts, ſo that it will never grow, but rot in the ground: To prevent this, ſearch in the cornfields well, eſpecially under the hedges, and the roots of old hollow trees, or on the tops of hills caſt up; and if you find them there, put your limed water ſtrong and hot among them, preſently after ſunſetting, and it will deſtroy them. For want of lime make a lye of wood aſhes and it will do the ſame, though not ſo effectually.

Another devourer of corn, [•]e your droves of great black beetles, which lie under the clods, and in ſprouting time do much miſchief. To deſtroy theſe make ſmokes in the field, in a ſtill night or when there is a little breathing wind that may carry it over the ſurface of the ground, with wet rubbiſh or mouldy peas ſtraw, hay, or ſuch like, and it will kill them, or chaſe them out of the ground; for they are of all other creatures, the greateſt enemies to ſmoke, and can leaſt endure it. But if your ground be limed, or if you ſow lime among your corn, you may trouble yourſelf with them no farther, for if they bite where the lime has touched, it kills them.

The next vermin to be deſtroyed is field rats and mice, and water rats alſo, for theſe deſtroy a great deal of grain, which to prevent, and ruin them, find out their round holes when the field is bare, and put hemlock ſeed into them, which they will eat, and it will kill them, the ſprinkling of juice of hellebore i[•] them, will alſo do the like: But that which I prefer above the reſt is, to beat common graſs very ſmall, mix it with a little copperas, vitriol, and coarſe honey, and make it up in pellets, and ſcatter it in their haunts, in the mouth of their holes, or other like places, and the ſcent will draw them from all parts, and once eating it, they will certainly die. This alſo may be uſed in granaries and barns, for other rats and mice, with good ſucceſs.

Slugs and ſnails are another ſort of devourers, which do much miſchief to corn and peas juſt ſprouting up; to kill theſe, the beſt thing is foot or lime, ſprinkled thin over the ground, for touching it they will die.

Graſshoppers alſo do much injury, by feeding on the leaf and bloſſom of corn and pulſe, from the firſt to the laſt: Theſe are not eaſily deſtroye[•]d, the beſt way to get rid of them, is, by ſprinkling corn with water wherein wormwood, rue, or centaury has boiled, till the ſtrength of them are taken away by the water; and if they bite where the ſprinkling happen, they will die. The ſcent of any bitter thing being ſo offenſive to them, that they are never found where any ſuch things grow.

Moles are another vermin to be deſtroyed, for they are in a double regard deſtructive to corn; that is, in eating the roots, and rooting it up; not making diſtinction of any ſort, and taſting all alike; there are divers ways of taking them, but not ſo eaſily when the corn is well grown, for then they do the greateſt miſchief, when their tracts, or caſting up their hills, cannot be diſcovered ſo eaſily; however, you muſt do as well as you can; and when you ſee them caſting, or moving in their tracks, ſtrike them with an iron of many ſpears; or dig pits in their track, and ſet earthen glazed pots, which they will blindly fall into, and cannot ſcramble out; or fill an earthen jug with pitch, roſin and brimſtone, with ſome looſe tow or rag, and firing it, clap the neck to the mouth of the hole, and the air in the earth drawing in the ſcent to a great diſtance, will ſtifle them; or mix juice of hellebore with rye meal, ſcatter little bits in the furrows, and finding it in their way, they will greedily eat it, and die.

Having ſhewed you how to deſtroy ſuch vermin as are devourers of corn, it will now be neceſſary to ſay ſomething about weeding your corn when it is ſprung up; for weeds are very offenſive and deſtructive to corn, hindering its growth, and choaking it up.

When the corn is ſprung up about a foot above the ground, thoſe ſorts of ſoil that are apt to produce weeds, will require your looking after to root them out: If they be thiſtles, or ſuch as are great and offenſive, they muſt be taken away with hooks and nippers, cutting them off cloſe by the roots, or rather pulling them up by the roots, if you can do it without breaking the ground, ſo as to bring corn along with them. The nipper may be made with two long pieces of wood rivetted, to be opened like a pair of pincers, with ſaw-teeth, cloſing in one another, that they may take the ſurer and firmer hold without ſlipping. And theſe weeds may be much hindered in their growth, by ſowing two buſhels of bay ſalt in an acre of land, as you do your wheat; for though is is a friend to corn, in making it proſper and increaſe, yet it is an enemy to the weeds, and hinders their growth.

2. How to turn barren Lands into good Paſture and Meadows.

HITHERTO I have been ſpeaking of the ordering of corn, I come now to ſpeak of enriching the earth for meadow and paſturage. And this is two ways, viz. by watering and manuring it. And for this uſe, the lower the ground lies (ſo it be not ſubject to overflowings, or too much wet) the better it is, and the ſooner made good. Conſider in the next place, what kind of graſs it naturally produces, whether clear and entire, or mix[••] with that of worſe growth, the firſt is beſt; but if it be of a worſe ſort, intermixed with thiſtles, broom and offenſive weeds, then grub and pluck them by the roots, clearing the ground of them as well as you can, then dry them, mix them with ſtraw, and burn them upon the ſwarth of the ground, and ſpread the aſhes upon it, then fold your ſheep upon the ground for ſeverel nights, that their dung may increaſe its ſtrength, and their feet trample up the graſs; then ſcatter it well over with hay ſeeds, and go over them with a roller, or beat them with a flat ſhovel, that they may be preſſed into the ground to take root; then over theſe ſcatter hay, or the rooting of hay under ſtacks, or the ſweeping of the barns, or moiſt bottoms of any hay that has been good, and is moiſt, and of no other uſe, then ſpread on your manure, as horſe dung, man's odure, or the dung of any beaſt, which being thinned, and the clods well broken, let it lie till the new graſs ſpring through it; but do not graze it the firſt year, leſt the cattle tread it up, not having yet taken very good root, but mow it that it may have time to come to perfection; and though the firſt year it may prove ſhort and coarſe, yet the ſecond it will be fine and very long, and in great plenty. And dreſſing it thus but once in twenty years, will continue it for good meadow or paſture; eſpecially if in dry ſeaſons you have water to relieve it, which may be done by bringing ſprings through it, or gathering the violent fallings of rain into a ditch on the other ſide of it, or by any other conveyance, according to the ſituation of the ground; on the aſcending part, to overflow it ſo long that it ſoak deeper than the roots of the graſs, to continue its moiſture for the nouriſhment of it for a conſiderable time. And here note, that the beſt ſeaſon for watering of meadows, is from the beginning of November to the end of April, and the muddier or more troubled the water is, the better, for then it brings a ſoil upon the ground; and this generally happens after haſty ſhowers, and great fluxes of rain. And if you have many fields lying together, eſpecially in a deſcent, you may make a conveniency in the uppermoſt, to pen up the water till it is very well ſoaked; and then by a [••]uice, or breaking down of a dam, let it into the next; and ſo, by a ſmall addition of water, tranſmit it to many.

XVII. The experienced Farrier and Cowleech, &c. containing above an Hundred approved Receipts and Medicines for the cure of all Diſtempers in Cattle, as Horſes, Kine, Sheep and Hogs; with Directions how to find and know what their Diſeaſes and Infirmities are.

1. FOR a galled back, take honey and unſlacked lime, beat, put it in a linen cloth, bind it cloſe, and lay in the embers all night, then ſtrew it on the galled place; but if it bleed, ſtrew thereon a little verdigreaſe, and old ſhoe leather burnt to aſhes.

2. For a bruiſed back, take a good quantity of roach allum burnt, two handfuls of barley burnt, mix them, and put upon the ſore morning and evening, but if the [•]ore be corrupt, and full of dead fleſh, then uſe more of the allum than barley; if it begin to heal, uſe more of the barley powder than allum; if you have no allum, take butter or verdigreaſe, melt it very hot, and pour it on the ſore twice or thrice a day, and bind a little hay thereon, that the horſe may not rub it off.— If it ſwells keep it warm, dip a wad of hay in water, lap it on the ſore, and keep on an old ſaddle.

3. For a broken wind, take boar's dung, and powder it, and pour a good quantity of it into milk lukewarm; give the horſe a quart every third day, and in four or five times it will cure him.

4. For a hoarſe cough, take five or ſix eggs, and lay them in ſharp white wine vinegar, till the ſhells be ſomewhat ſoft, then fling them down his throat, and it will cure forth with.

5. For the belly bound, take good wort, and ſo much ſoap as an egg, mixed together, and give it to your horſe to drink.

6. For the bots, take a good handful of egrimony, and make the horſe eat it early in the morning, and keep him faſting for a pretty while after it.

7. For the hide bound, take fenugreek, turmeric, anniſeed, bay berries, liquoriſh and cummin ſeeds, of ea[•]e a like quantity, beat them to powder, mix them well together, and give him a ſpoonful in ale or beer at a time, blood warm, and this will cure him ſpeedily.

8. For a canker, take a handful of ſalt and burn it black, a penny worth of bole armoniac, a halfpenny worth of allum, and a handful of ſage, boil all theſe in a quart of chamber lye, till one half be waſted, waſh the horſe therewith every twenty four hours, and after you have waſhed the ſore five or ſix times, then take a little turpentine, waſh it in clean water, put to it a little powder of brimſtone, and a little honey, boil them in the ſame water, and waſh the ſore place therewith, and it will cure him.

9. In the mouth, take red ſage and rue, of each a handful, half a pound of allum, and burn it, or honey and white copperas, of each two pence worth, boil theſe in a pint of white wine vinegar; then take the third or fourth feather of a gooſe wing, put a ſtrong thread faſt about your finger, dip it in the water, and waſh his noſe therewith; and if he ſnorts up the feather, the thread will pull it back. This will heal it in three weeks. Alſo you may (if the time of the year will ſerve) boil in your vinegar a little handful of ribwort, bitony and dazies, which is very good.

10. For a green wound; take white wine and warm it, and waſh the wound all over, then take turpentine, honey of roſes and wax, melt them together, and ſtir them continually till they incorporate. If it be a cut, put tow in it, and fill it; if it be a hole, make tents and put into it.

11. For a feſtered ſore, take lime, tow and horſe dung, temper them well together with pepper and the white of an egg, lay it to the ſore for the ſpace of five day, and it will heal it.

12. For a ſhot or ſtake, take ſallad oil, turpentine and bees wax, of each a penny worth, and ſo much roſin as an egg, boil all theſe together, and ſprinkle on them a little verdigreaſe, then make clean the wound, and make tents, and put them into it.

13. A good drink, take pulus diapentha, two pence worth, anniſeeds and liquoriſh, in powder, of each a half penny worth; of ſack a quarter of a pint, and a little ſallad oil, mixed together, warm them blood warm, but no warmer, then give it to the horſe with a horn to drink, and let him ſtand tied with his bridle a while after.

14. For the haw, o[•] horn in the eyes, to help your horſe yourſelf, if you cannot have a farrier to do it, take a cord (for want of nippers) with a ſtick, and twitch his noſe hery hard, and hold him faſt, then take the upper lid of each eye, and with a needle and thread give it a ſtitch to the top of the horſes ear, and underneath the eyelid you ſhall ſee a ſkin with a hard griſtle or horn, which, with a ſharp penknife, you may cut out; but be careful in cutting it too much; then take a little ſmall beer or ale, and ſpurt it in to waſh it, and it will help him.

15. For the pearl in the eye, take the juice of ſalendine, the juice of ground ivy, and woman's milk, mixed together, and ſquirt it into the eyes as often as you think fit, till it goes away.

16. For itching and burning in the eyes, take roſe water, plantain water, myrtle, houſeleek and flower water of tuta prepared, of camphire, of ſtuſe without opium, and the whites of roaſted eggs, of each three grains; ſet the water on the fire till it be hot, and beat them ſo for the ſpace of three or fours hours, then ſtrain them, and keep the liquor in a braſs veſſel well ſtopped: apply this to the corner of the eyes.

17. To cure a fiſtula, when you are certain it is ſo, ſcald it with honey and ſheep's ſuet, for that will keep it from bleeding; then ſl[•]t the nether end of the ſore, and put in ſo much mercury as a pea, it being well abated with ſallad oil, lay it on with a feather; then take a penny worth of verdigreaſe, one half penny worth of red lead; beat all theſe together, then waſh the ſore with water made of copperas, elder leaves in ſummer, but with the inner bark of elder in winter: And after the waſhing, put the powder on the ſore, and drop in ſome ſallad oil.

18. For a feſtula in the head, take the juice of houſeleek, and dip a lock of wool in it, put it in his ear, and bind it faſt, obſerve to do this once a day and it will help him.

19. For a fever, let him bleed in the thigh, in the middle vein, ſome four fingers breadth under the rowel, or elſe take the vein in the neck, and afterwards give him a drink.

20. For a farcy, take tanner's ouſe, and beef brine, boil them well together, ſc[•]m them, then put in the powder of ſalt petre, and waſh therewith as you ſee occaſion, till he be cured.

21. For the glanders, take twenty cloves of garlick, four quarts of ale, and one penny worth of ſallad oil, peel and beat the garlick, and mix them together, and give it him to drink; then take a pan of coals and ſtrew on them the powder of brimſtone, laying it on a little wet hay, and hold it under the horſe's noſe in a funnel, that the ſmoak may aſcend to his noſtrils, and perfume him well with the ſame, and then ride him forth till he begins to ſweat, and ſet him up warm, and an hour after give him meat.

22. For galled thighs, waſh them with the water of roſes, plantain, myrtle and the leaves of mallows, then anoint the place with ungentam [•]opilion.

23. For a ſtrain or ſtroke, take flower of linſeed, turpentine and life honey, of each a like quantity, boil them all together with white wine, till they be thick, like an ointment, then ſpread it on a cloth, and lay it to the grief, and it will take away any pain in the ſinews.

24. For a hot impoſtume, ſtamp liver wort and hog's grea[•]e, then mix it hot, and lay it on the ſore place.

Or for impoſtumes in the ears or head, take a penny worth of pepper beaten to fine powder, a ſpoonful of ſwine's greaſe, the juice of a handful of rue, two ſpoonfuls of ſtrong vinegar, mix all well together, renewing it once in two days, till the ſwelling goes away.

25. For a cold impoſthume, ſtamp balm, mix it with hog's greaſe, and lay it in the manner of a plaiſter.

26. The mare's evil, take oat meal, mallows, wormwood, horehound and ſmallage, wring them together and boil them till they are ſoft; then lay it to the grief, and it will bring it to a head, then launch it, and take red lead, bole armoniac and roſin, beat them well together, and lay it on the place.

27. For the menage, take one penny worth of May butter, a half penny worth of brimſtone in powder, and the juice of hemlock, and boil them all together; then with an old wool card ſcrape away the hairs, and lay on the medicine cold, where the menage is: Then with a warm bar of iron or fire ſhovel, put to it eaſily, and in three or four times doing it will cure him.

28. To help an over rid horſe that forſakes his meat: Waſh his mouth with vinegar and ſalt, and he will feed after a while.

29. To help a poor horſe in fleſh: Give him two pence worth of horſe [•]air, in one penny worth of ale, and doing this two or three times, it will make him recover his fleſh.

30. For a horſe that is purſy, take the powder of gentian at the apothecaries, give him ſome of that in water or ale, and it will help him.

31. To ſtaunch blood, take the ſcrapings of the outſide of a potage pot that you ſee the meat in, lay it on the bleeding place plaiſter wiſe, and it will ſtanch the blood forthwith.

32. For the ſcratches, take Engliſh honey, verdigreaſe, and the powder of brimſtone, beat them well together, and waſh the place very clean, and then anoint it all over.

33. For the ring bone or ſpavin: It groweth with a hard knot between the knee, the hoof and the hair; When you perceive it, burn it with an hot iron, and anoint the hair about with neat's foot oil, and it will help it.

34. For the ſtaggers, take two pence worth of turmerick, anniſeed, long pepper beaten, and falled oil, of each one penny worth, give him this to drink, rowel him in the forehead, and put in a piece of nutmeg; then take a ſpoonful of aqua vitae, and a ſpoonful of ſalt, put it into one of his ears, and ſo likewiſe in the other ear, and bind them up for the ſpace of twentyfour hours together.

35. For the pole evil, take running water and chamber lye, of each a quart, put therein a pint of ſalt, and boil them till they come to a quart; then boil them in a little wad of hay, and after you have ſtrained it, apply it very hot to the ſore.

36. For a pr[•]ik, take turpentine, tar, pitch and beef ſuet, of each a dram, and one head of garlick; boil all theſe together, and lay them as hot as can be ſuffered, and if it chance to break out about the hoof, anoint the place with the ſame ſtuff, and it will draw and help it.

37. To help a horſe that cannot ſta[•]e, take beer, anniſeeds, and ſallad oil, of each one penny worth, and elecampane, give it him to drink, and draw out his yard, and waſh it with butter and a little white wine vinegar, two or three days together, and it will give him eaſe, and cure him.

38. For the ſtrangles, or ſtrangullion, take crumbs of brown bread, bay berries, or of the leaves in powder, temper them with May butter, and give them in little balls three days together, and it wi[•]l cure him.

39. To help any ſwelling, take hemlock, ſtamp it and mix it with ſheep's dung and vinegar, and make of it a plaiſter, and apply it to the ſwelled place.

40. To cure any ſwelling in the leg: Mark the ground where the ſaid leg or foot doth ſtand, and with a knife or other thing, dig up a turf or piece of earth juſt where the leg or foot did ſtand, hang the ſame on a white thorn, if it be ſummer, or dry weather; if it be winter or wet weather, hang it in your chimney, and as the turf or earth drieth, ſo ſhall the ſwelling ceaſe.

41. For a broken bone, or joint out: You muſt firſt bathe the grieved place with warm patchgreaſe, then put about it a binding plaiſter of pitch, roſin, maſtic and ſallad oil, well mixed together, and melt[•]d on the fire; then fold that limb about with fl[•]x, then ſplint it with ſoft, broad, flat, ſtrong ſplints, but [••]move them not for fifteen days together, except, the rowels ſlacken, and then you may ſtraiten them again; yet it is a good ſign: If it ſwell, and the roller grow ſtraighter, you may give it eaſe, it being bound too hard; and thus dreſſing it every fifteen days, the bone will knit; and if any groſs matter appear; bathe it twice or thrice a day.

42. For the yellows, cho[•] ſallendine and rue very ſmall, mix it with freſh butter and ſallad oil, give it him, let him bleed in the forehead.

43. To ſkin ſores, take melted butter and ſtr[•] upon it the powder of rofin a day or two; then take two ſpoonfuls of very thick cream, and with the foot of the chimney make a paſte thereof, and ſpread it upon the ſore.

44. To cauſe a ſtomach, ſtamp garlick and pepper together, give it to him; then rub his teeth with ſalt, ti[••] in a clout to a ſtick, and thruſt it into his jaws and let him chew upon the bridle a while after it.

45. For ſplinter or ſpavin, take mercury, or white arſenic ground to powder, then make a little ſlit the length of a barley corn, to the bone on the top of the raiſing up the ſkin, with a corner, and put in as much mercury or arſenic, as will lie upon the ſlit, and tie up the horſe's head to the rock, ſo that he may not bite the ſore place, for the ſpace of two or three hours; for then the anguiſh will be over, and ſo let him fall to his meat. It will rot and go away of itſelf, and you may heal the ſore with the former ſalve preſcribed in the 43d cure.

46. For a looſe hoof, take bees wax, hog's greaſe, and turpentine, of each a like quantity; melt the wax and hog's greaſe, diſſolve the turpentine into it, and ſtir it well together then put it in an earthern pot to cool, and with the ſame anoint the corner of the hoof, and putting wheat bran unto it, boiled very hot, and ſtop it in the horſe's feet, helpeth a frotuſe or ſounde[•].

47. To repair a broken hoof, take twelve heads of garlic and bruiſe them, of roſin and a[•]lum each two ounces, mingle them with half a handful of aſs's dung, then boil them together, and anoint the hoof therewith.

48. For a gall or hurt with the ſaddle, that doth ſwell; ſeethe an onion in water, and ſo lay it as hot to his back as can be ſuffered, bind it faſt and it will aſſuage the ſwelling.

49. For the vives, take a penny worth of Engliſh honey, a handful of violet leaves, and ſtamp them together, and it will cure without fail.

50. To help all cramps, take peas greaſe or patch greaſe and wine vinegar, a like quantity, boil it, and being melted very hot, with the ſame bathe twice or thrice a day, and exerciſe moderately before and after dreſſing it; it will not only take away his pain, but alſo remove all ſwellings or cramps whatſoever.

51. To cure worms, or bots, take hartſhorn and ſavin, ſtamped or chopped together, mix it with good ſtrong vinegar, and give it to drink; or with your hand waſh his fundament with brine, or with the water of germandine, it will give him eaſe preſently.

52. To help a tired horſe; pour a quart of good wine or ale down his throat, and it will very much refreſh him.—If your horſe in travel fall ſuddenly ſick, where no town is nigh, alight, and with a knife or bodkin prick him in the roof of his mouth, and make him bleed, ſuffering him to chew and eat his own blood is a cure to himſelf.

53. If a horſe in halting bow not his hoof, mingle hemp with the white of an egg, and ſtop the foot under the ſhoe; but if it be a wound, put in the powder of oyſter ſhells and verdigreaſe, to dry it up, or the white of an egg with ſoap and vinegar.

2. The experienced Cowleech.

1. HOW to know and help a cow that is like to caſt herſelf: She will look hollow eyed, and pine; take the grounds of ale and the powder of cinnamon, liquorice and ginger, and give her to drink.

2. For a cow that has caſt her calf; take grains and long pepper, of each two penny worth, in powder, and give it her to drink in milk.

3. For a cow that has calved and cannot glean; take a quart of good ale, boil it and ſkim it well, then put in a handful of the flower of barley malt, and give her to drink in a warm maſh.

4. To keep calves from worms; when they are troubled therewith they will run up and down, and not ſtand ſtill in a place, but quiver and ſhake, and hold their heads towards their ſide; take ſouthern wood, or wormwood, and bruiſe it with dry figs and flitchets, and make a paſte thereof, and put them into the throat.

5. For weaning of calves; take five branches of tanſey, five branches of roſemary, and ſprigs of mint, ſtamp them, and give the juice to drink, with four ſpoonfulls of good verjuice.

6. To increaſe milk; take ſugar candy, cinnamon, and ſtrong drink, and give it to drink now and then.

7. To help the beaſts that cannot piſs; take and bruiſe cardus benedictus, then ſtrain it with white wine, and ſo give it to drink.

8. For the cholic; take the powder of one penny worth of ginger, and ſo much of the powder of liquorice, give it in a quart of milk, and it will help her.

9. For loſs of cud; take half a pint of urine, bay ſalt and wall earth, of each a handful, mix them well together, and waſh the roof of the mouth; but pull out the tongue and force ſome down.

10. If a cow be bruiſed, ſhe will piſs blood; take perriwinkle, comfret, hartſtongue and blood wort, chop and ſtamp them in a mortar, wring out the juice and give a little thereof at a time in rennet to drink.

11. For a gore; take aſhes finely ſifted, and mix them with the grounds of ale or beer, and make it thick like butter, and ſo lay it thereon; uſe this and it will heal it.

12. If a cow have the fret, her milk will go away, and ſhe will lie with her legs along: take a little dandelion and groundſel, and boil them well in good ſtrong ale, then ſtrain out the liquor, and give it her.

13. For a beaſt that cannot dung; take hay, ſeethe it well, ſtamp it, and ſtrain the liquor, and put into it freſh greaſe and ſoap, and give it,

14 If the beaſt be ſick of the gall, and ready to burſt; take a pint of ſtale ale, one penny worth of ox gall, and a handful of ſalt, mix them together, and give it to drink, and it will cure forthwith.

15. If a cow's gall do run, ſhe will ſcour and hang down her ears; take ſallendine▪ turmeric, and rennet, boil them well and ſtrain them, then give it luke warm.

16. If a beaſt be grieved in the lungs, it will be hoarſe, ſhort winded, and hang out the tongue; take a pint of ſtale ale, a half penny worth of bole armoniac beaten, of hemp ſeed and long wort, of each a handful, beat them well together.

17. If a beaſt be ſick of the murrain, it will rattle in the throat; take a pint of ſtale ale, long pepper and grains, of each one half penny worth, of fenugreek a farthing worth, beat them well, and mix them together, and give it warm to drink. Or you may let them be let blood in the noſtrils, and give him ſugar candy, cinnamon, and turmeric, beaten and put in milk.

18. For the ſtaggers; take cloves and fennel ſeeds, beat them to powder, and with milk give it the beaſt to drink, and then let him bleed.

19. If beaſts be maw ſick their eyes will ſettle in their heads, and they will groan much, and pine away; take a pint of milk, a ſpoonful of tar, a half penny worth of honey, mix them together, and give it to the beaſt to drink warm.

20. The more evil, is known by the ſtaling of blood; take more water and more graſs otherwiſe called roſa ſolis, chop theſe herbs ſmall, and give the beaſt a diſhful three or four times a day.

21. The tangen, and what it is: It is a diſeaſe known by the ſwelling of the tongue, or by a bleb thereon, it maketh them rough furred in the throat, and to ſwell. To cure it, take a handful of dry mole's earth, prick the bleb with the point of a knife, then rub the root of the tongue about the bleb very well with the earth, and caſt ſome urine into the beaſt's mouth.

22. A purge for cattle. Let the beaſt blood in the neck vein, then take a quart of ail, boil it and ſkim it well, then take it off and put into it a ſpoonful of the juice of garlic, and as much tar, then take ſugar candy, fenugreek and brimſtone, all beaten to powder, the quantity of three ſpoonfuls: brew all together with the ale, till it be cool, putting in a quarter of a pint of ſallad oil, ſo give it to the beaſt to drink faſting, and after it chafe it to and fro for a pretty little while.

23. For the aſprung; take a running water, leaven and ſalt, rub her mouth and noſtrils therewith, and break the bleb under the tongue.

24. For the dry root; take legwort, ſallendine and bay ſalt, of each an handful, and four heads of garlic, ſtamp all theſe together, then take a quarter of a pound of leaven, a little diſhful of ſoot, work it with the other things, then take a quart or leſs of good ale, in two ſponfuls of mother, one penny worth of long pepper beaten, and give it the beaſt to drink, and then chafe her up and down an hour, but keep her from water five or ſix hours after.

25. For the itch. With old urine and aſhwood aſhes make a ſtrong lye, then to a pint of this lye put tar, black ſoap, copperas, pepper brimſtone, boar's greaſe, ſtaneface, plantain, of each a like quantity, as much as will make the lye a thick ſalve, and with the ſame anoint all the ſore places, and it will kill and heal.

26. For a beaſt that has eaten venomous herbs; a good handful of wormwood, chop it very ſmall, put it into a good quantity of ale or beer, and give it the beaſt to drink three or four days together, in the morning.

27. For the garret in the maw; take a good quantity of whole muſtard ſeed, and mix it with wine or ſtrong ale, and give it to the cow.

28. For the canker in the mouth; take woodbine leaves, ſage, ſalt, and plantain; of each a handful, boil them well in a quart of running water, with half a pint of honey, and a pint of good ſtrong vinegar, mixed together, waſh the beaſt's mouth once a day.

29. For infirmities in the eyes; take an egg and put out half the white, then fill it again with ſalt, and roaſt it on the embers ſo long that you may beat it to powder, then mix that powder in a ſpoonful of water of eye bright, and as much of the juice of houſeleek, waſhing the beaſt's eye twice or thrice a day, if it does not help them, bleed in the temple vein.

30. For inflammation in the eyes; take ſouthern wood, and bruiſe it with vinegar, and lay it to the e[•]e; for a ſore eye, ſpirt beer therein, or chew the leaves of ground ivy, and drop it into the eye, with the juice thereof, with the powder of ginger.

31. For a cow that hath the wither; take the more of the flower de luce, waſh them cloſe, ſtamp them well, and mix it with a penny worth of long pepper in powder, make thereof three balls of the bigneſs of an egg, and give the beaſt one in drink for three or four days together.

32. To make a cow take bull; give her of the herb called cow make, which groweth like a white gilly-flower among corn, two hours before ſhe ſhall take bull, if ſhe ſhould refuſe the bull.

33. Againſt the biting of a mad dog; take garlic and put it into a linen cloth, then chafe and rub the bitten place therewith. Or take root of great bu[•], bruiſed with ſalt, laid to the place, it will help man or beaſt.

34. To faſten teeth; firſt prick his gums beneath on both ſides, within and without, and the gums above with the point of a knife, then take a whetſtone or rough pebble, rub the gums therewith, and make them [•]eed; ſo done, chafe them well with ſuet, and they will faſten again, or rub them with ſage and ſalt.

35. How to geld or cut a calf; you ſhall cauſe one to hold down his forepart or legs, then bind his hinder legs with ſome cord half a yard aſunder, let his feet be bound, and let the ſaid holder ſet both his knees on the cord, nigh to his legs, and ſo cut him gently, and anoint his flanks with ſome greaſe, then rub his flanks with cold water mixed with ſalt, and he ſhall do well.

36. Againſt hide bound; take and ſtamp the leaves of the flower de luce, then ſtrain it with good ale, and ſo give it them warm.

37. Agaiſt piſſing of blood, or bloody flux; if this diſeaſe be newly begun, you ſhall take a frog, and cut off his left leg, and ſo put him alive in the beaſts mouth; but then you muſt have ready a handful of ſalt mixed with a pint of good ſtrong ale; and ſo ſoon as you can, after the frog, give the beaſt to drink, and make him ſwallow down all together.

But if your beaſt have continued long, then ſhall you take of ſharp tanner's ouſe, with old Marclemas beef, mix'd and well ſtirred together, and then give it to the beaſt.

The experienced Shepherd.

FOR the ſheep that have the ſtaggers, give them one penny worth of treacle, one race of turmeric, and one penny worth of Engliſh faſtron, all mix'd together.

2. For ſheep that make red water; take a little piece of roach allum, a little piece of butter, mix it together, and give it them as you ſee occaſion.

3. For the ſcab and itch; take tar and freſh greaſe, of each a like quantity, mix them well with the juice of chervill and a little brimſtone; make a ſalve, and anoint the fore place therewith.

4. Looſeneſs of teeth, and grief of the mouth; take ſalt, ſage, and earth, of each a like quantity, beaten together, and rub the mouth and gums of the ſheep until you make them bleed.

5. For the general rot, or water in the belly; take ſage, tanſey, holy thiſtle, horſe mint, wormwood-flowers, roſemary, rue, plantain, dill and lungworth of each a like quantity, beaten in the mortar, then ſtrain out the juice, and to five ſpoonfuls of it, put into a pint of honied water boiled, with two ſpoonfuls of the powder of bay berries, long pepper, liquorice, and anniſeed, of each alike; then taken from the fire, put in two ſpoonfuls of good ſalt, and as much ſweet butter as a walnut, ſtir all together, and give it to the ſheep lukewarm, in a horn, to drink morning and evening rubbing the mouth very well with ſalt, is a certain and approved cure.

4. The complete Swineherd.

FOR the murrain or garret; take gun-powder, bay ſalt, bole armoniac, and garlic, beat them, together, with a knife make a hole between their claws, put in a quantity of a hazle nut, and let them bleed under the tongue, or in the ſhoulder vein.

2. For ſcurf or mangineſs; let them bleed in the tail, then take black ſoap, brimſtone, vinegar, ſwine's greaſe and honey mixed together, of each a like quantity, and anoint the ſwine all over with it, having firſt rubbed off all the ſcurf and filth with a wool card.

3. For a ſow that eateth her pigs; watch the pigging, and take the leaſt or worſt pig, and anoint it all over with the juice of the herb called ſtone crop, and give her to eat, and ſhe will never do the like again.

4. For the meaſles, or pox; let them bleed under the ears, or in the tail, then bind the ſore with the bark of green oſiers, then take an ounce of treacle, the juice of wormwood, liver worth, and gall worth, half a pint of red oaker and hen's dung, of each a handful, and of barley meal three handfuls, mixed with a bottle of urine and honey all together, put it into two gallons of ſweet warm waſh, and give it to the ſwine to drink, and anoint all the ſore places with boar's greaſe and brimſtone, mixed together.

The End of the FOURTH PART.

The true FORM of all Sorts of BILLS, BONDS, INDENTURES, LETTERS of ATTORNEY and LICENCE, DEEDS, BILLS of EXCHANGE, &c.

A Bill of Penalty.

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, that I John Jenkins, of the town of Milton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſachuſetts, victualler, do acknowledge myſelf indebted to Martin Moneyman, of Roxbury, in the county and commonwealth aforeſaid, grazier, in the ſum of twenty pounds, of good and lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, to be paid unto the ſaid Martin Moneyman, his heirs, executors, adminiſtrators, and aſſigns, in or upon the 19th day of September next enſuing the date hereof, without fraud or further delay: For and in conſideration of which payment, well and truly to be made and done, I bind myſelf, my heirs, executors, and adminiſtrators, in the penal ſum of forty pounds, of the like lawful money, firmly by theſe preſents: In witneſs whereof, I have hereunto ſet my hand and ſeal this twenty fifth day of March, in the year of our Lord God, 1796.

JOHN JENKINS. ☉

Signed, Sealed, and Delivered, in preſence of

• Titus Teſtimony,
• Andrew Ames.

Note. The mark ☉, in this and the forms ſubſequent, repreſents, the ſeal, which in this, and in all thoſe in which it appears, ought to be affixed; the perſon who executes any of them, is, in the preſence of the witneſſes, to take off the ſeal (that is the inſtrument, with which the impreſſion was made) and then taking the paper or parchment, in his or her light hand, is to pronounce theſe words. I deliver this as my act and deed for the purpoſes within mentioned.

A ſhort Bill or Note of one's Hand.

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, that I Peter Pennyleſs, of the town of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſachuſetts, blackſmith, do owe, and own myſelf to ſtand indebted to Robert Rich of Sul[••]n, in the county of Eſſex, and Commonwealth aforeſaid, gent. in the juſt and due ſum of ten dollars, of lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, which by theſe preſents, I promiſe to pay unto him, the ſaid Robert Rich, 21, or upon the ſixth day of October next enſuing the date hereof: For the true performance of which payment, well and truly to be made, and in witneſs hereof, I have ſet my hand to theſe preſents, this thirteenth day of June, 1796.

PETER PENNYLESS.

Among men of buſineſs the following form is commonly uſed, and is equally effectual in law:

I PROMISE to pay to Mr. Robert Rich, or his order the ſum of ten dollars, five months after date, for value received, this thirteenth day of June, 1796, by PETER PENNYLESS.

This note is transferrable to another, if Robert Rich writes his name on the back thereof; but then if Peter Pennyleſs doth not pay it, Robert Rich is liable thereto.

A penal Bill from two to one.

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, that we Laurence Luckleſs and John Jones, both of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſachuſetts, weavers, do acknowledge and own ourſelves to ſcand indebted to George Greedy, of the town of Roxbury, [•]n the county and Commonwealth aforeſaid, felt maker, in the juſt and due ſum of forty dollars, of good and lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, to be paid unto him the ſaid George Greedy, his heirs,, executors, adminiſtrators, or aſſigns, at or upon the thirteenth day of October next enſuing the date hereof, without fraud, or further delay; for and in conſideration of which payment, well and truly to be made, we do bind our heirs, executors, and adminiſtrators, in the penal ſum of eighty dollars of the like lawful money, firmly by theſe preſents. In witneſs whereof, we have hereunto ſet our hands and ſeals, this thirteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1796.

• LAU. LUCKLESS. ☉
• JOHN JONES. ☉

Signed, Sealed, and Delivered, in preſence of

• William Witneſs.
• Timothy Teſtis.

Note, That bills without penalty are of no more force or laſting than book debts, as they are not ſealed; yet they are eſteemed better ſecurity, becauſe the party's hand, if he contends, may be proved againſt him: But oft times, on an adjuſtment of accounts, it is uſual to have the party's hand to the book, which is as valid as the other; but, in my opinion, there ought to be a witneſs to either of them.

Note alſo, All obligations ought to be in Engliſh, and the words at length; they may be ſuited to any condition, by only altering the name or names, place or places of abode, title or titles, ſum or ſums of money, date, &c.

A Bond from one to one.

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, that I Abel Darmell, of the town of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſachuſetts, gent. am held and firmly bound to John Melver, of the ſaid town, Eſq. in the ſum of fifty dollars of good and lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, to be paid to the ſaid John Melver, or to his certain attorney, his executors, adminiſtrators, or aſſigns; for the true payment whereof, I bind myſelf, my heirs, executors and adminiſtrators, firmly by theſe preſents, ſealed with my ſeal.— Dated this twentyfirſt day of January, in the year of out Lord, one thouſand ſeven hundred and ninetyſix.

The condition of this obligation is ſuch, that if the above bounden Abel Darmell, his heirs, executors, or adminiſtrators, do well and truly pay, or cauſe to be paid, to the above named John Melver, his executors, adminiſtrators, or aſſigns; the full ſum of twentyfive pounds of good and lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, o[•] the twentieth day of Auguſt next enſuing the date hereof, with the lawful intereſt thereof; then this obligation to be void, or elſe to remain, continue, and be in full force and virtue.

ABEL DARMELL. ☉

Sealed and delivered in the preſence of

• George Needy.
• Thomas Truſty.

A general Releaſe:

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, that I Peter Peaceable, of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſachuſetts, tobacconiſt, hav[•] remiſed, releaſed, and for ever quit claim to William Winter, of Roxbury, in the county aforeſaid, fiſhmonger, his heirs, executors and adminiſtrators, of all and all manner of action and actions, ſuits, bills, bonds, writings, debts, dues, duties, accounts, ſums of money, leaſes, mortgages, judgments by confeſſion or otherwiſe obtained, executions, extents, quarrels, controverſies, treſpaſſes, damages, and demands whatſoever, which by law or equity, or otherwiſe ſoever, I the ſaid Peter Peaceable, againſt the ſaid William Winter, ever had, and which I, my heirs, executors, or adminiſtrators, ſhall or may claim, challenge, or demand, for or by reaſon, means, or colours of any matter, cauſe, or thing whatſoever, to the day of the date of theſe preſents.

In witneſs whereof, I have hereunto ſet my hand and ſeal, this fourteenth day of June, &c.

PETER PEACEABLE. ☉

An Indenture of Apprenticeſhip.

THIS Indenture witneſſeth, That Richard Reynolds, ſon of Robert Reynolds, late of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, hath put himſelf, and by theſe preſents doth voluntarily put himſelf Apprentice to John Carpenter, houſewright, of ſaid town, to learn his art, trade, or myſtery, and after the manner of an apprentice, to ſerve him from the day of the date hereof, for and during the whole term of ſeven years next enſuing: During all which time, he the ſaid apprentice his maſter ſhall faithfully ſerve, his ſecrets keep, his lawful commands every where gladly obey. He ſhall do no damage to his ſaid maſter, nor ſee it be done by others, without letting or giving notice thereof to his ſaid maſter.—He ſhall not waſte his ſaid maſter's goods, nor lend them unlawfully to others. He ſhall not commit fornication, nor contract matrimony within the ſaid term. At cards, dice, or other unlawful game, he ſhall not play, whereby his ſaid maſter may be damaged. With his own goods, or the goods of others, during the ſaid term, without licence of his ſaid maſter, he ſhall neither buy nor ſell.

He ſhall not abſent himſelf day nor night, from his ſaid maſter's ſervice without his leave; nor haunt ale houſes, taverns, or play houſes: But in all things behave himſelf as a faithful apprentice ought to do, during the ſaid term. And the ſaid maſter ſhall uſe the utmoſt of his endeavours to teach, or cauſe to be taught and inſtruct, the ſaid apprentice, in the trade and myſtery he now profeſſeth, occupieth, or followeth; and procure and provide for him the ſaid apprentice, ſufficient meat, drink, apparel, waſhing and lodging, fitting for an apprentice, during the ſaid term. And for the true performance of all and every the ſaid covenants and agreements, either of the ſaid parties bind themſelves unto the other by theſe preſents. In witneſs whereof, they have interchangeably put their hands and ſeals, this fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1796.

A Letter of Attorney.

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, That I Calvin Gay, of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſchuſetts, apothecary (for divers conſiderations and good cauſes me hereunto moving) have made, ordained, conſtituted and appointed, and by theſe preſents do make ordain, conſtitute and appoint, my truſty friend William Wagſtaff, of Milton, in the county aforeſaid, gent. my true and lawful attorney, for me and in my name, and to my uſe, to aſk, demand, recover, receive, of and from A. B. of Roxbury, in the ſaid county, the ſum of ſixty dollars; giving, and by theſe preſents granting to my ſaid attorney, my ſole and full power and authority, to take, purſue, and follow ſuch legal courſes, for the recovery, receiving, and obtaining of the ſame, as I myſelf might or could do, were I perſonally preſent; and upon the receipt of the ſame, acquitances and other ſufficient diſcharges, for me, and in my name, to make, ſign, ſeal and deliver; as alſo, one or more attorney or attorneys, under him to ſubſtitute or appoint, and again, at his pleaſure to revoke; and further to do, perform, and execute for me, and in my name, all and ſingular thing or things, which ſhall or may be neceſſary, touching and concerning the premiſes, as fully, thoroughly, and entirely, as I the ſaid Calvin Gay, in my own perſon, ought or could do in and about the ſame; ratifying, allowing, and confirming, whatſoever my ſaid attorney ſhall lawfully do, or cauſe to be done, in and about the execution of the premiſes, by virtue of theſe preſents; In witneſs whereof I have hereunto ſet my and and ſeal, the ſixteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord, 1796

A Letter of Attorney by a Seaman.

KNOW all men by theſe preſents, that I Timothy Tarpaulin, marriner, now belonging to the ſhip Rye, for divers good cauſes and conſiderations me thereunto moving, have, and by theſe preſents do make my truſty friend Henry Hearty, of Boſton, in the county of Suffolk, and Commonwealth of Maſſachuſetts, baker, (or my beloved wife Penlope Tarpaulin) my true and lawful attorney, for me, and in my name, and for my uſe, to aſk, demand, and receive, of and from the captain or agent of ſaid ſhip, or whom elſe it may concern, as well of all ſuch wages and pay, bounty money, prize money, and all other ſum and ſums of money whatſoever, as now are, and which hereafter ſhall and may be due, or payable unto me: Alſo all ſuch penſions, ſalaries, ſmart money, or other money and things whatſoever, which now are, or at any time hereafter ſhall or may be due to me, for my ſervice, or otherwiſe, on board ſaid ſhip, or any other ſhip, frigate or veſſel: Giving and hereby granting, unto the ſaid attorney, full and whole power, to take, purſue and follow ſuch legal ways or courſes, for the recovery, receiving and obtaining, and diſcharging upon the ſaid ſum or ſums of money, or any of them, as I myſelf might or could do, were I perſonally preſent: And I do hereby ratify, allow and confirm, all and whatever my attorney ſhall lawfully do, or cauſe to be done, in and about the execution of the premiſes, by virtue of theſe preſents: In witneſs whereof, I have hereunto ſet my hand and ſeal, this tenth day of June, 1796.

TIMOTHY TARPAULIN. ☉

A Deed of Gift.

TO all people to whom theſe preſents ſhall come, I George Generous, do ſend Greet[•]ng. Know Ye, That I the ſaid George Generous, of the town of Worceſter, in the county of Worceſter, tanner, for and in conſideration of the love, good will and affection which I have and do bear towards my loving ſiſter, Sarah Sorrowful, of the ſame town and county, widow, have given and granted, and by theſe preſents do freely give and grant unto the ſaid Sarah Sorrowful, her heirs, executors, or adminiſtrators, all and ſinguar my goods and chattles, now being in my preſent dwelling houſe, in the town aforeſaid, known by the name of Fiſher's Figgary; of which (before the ſigning of theſe preſents) I have delivered her, the ſaid Sarah Sorrowful, an inventory ſigned with my hand, and bearing even date, to have and to hold all the ſaid goods and chattles in the ſaid premiſes or dwelling houſes, to her the ſaid Sarah Sorrowful, her heirs, executors, or adminiſtrators from henceforth, as her and their proper goods and chattles, abſolutely without any manner of condition. In witneſs whereof, I have hereunto put my hand and ſeal, this ſixteenth day of June, 1796.

GEORGE GENEROUS. ☉

Signed, Sealed and delivered in the preſence of

• David Drayton.
• Aaron Atkins.

Note, This precedent may be extended to the giving away of cattle, corn, houſe, or land if not entailed, &c. but the particulars muſt be named, &c.

Of Bills of Exchange.

BILLS of Exchange are either inland or foreign. The inland bills are drawn by one trader in one city or town, upon another of another city or town in the ſame kingdom; as London upon Briſtol, or Exeter upon London, &c. and theſe chiefly concern our ſhopkeepers and wholeſale traders, either of town or country, and the foreign more immediately concerns the merchants.

Bills of exchange, if handſomely drawn, muſt be written in a fair hand, on a long piece of paper, about three inches broad, and writ in form after the following precedent.

A Bill payable at Eight.

London 16th June, 1796.

AT ſight hereof, pay to Mr. Aaron Loring, or his order, the ſum of Ninety Dollars, for value received of Charles Caſh; and place it to account, as per advice from

Your humble ſervant, DAN DRAWBILL.

To Mr. Peter Punctual, Grocer, in High Street, Briſtol.

Note. A bill at ſight is payable three days after the acceptor ſeeth it.

A ſhort Will in legal Form.

IN the name of GOD, Amen, I William Weakly, of the town of Boſton, hatter, being very ſick and weak, [•]n (or in perfect health of) body, but (or, and) of perfect mind and memory, thanks be given unto GOD; calling into mind the mortality of my body, and knowing that it is appointed for all men once to die, do make and ordain this my laſt will and teſtament; that is to ſay, principally and firſt of all, I give and recommend my ſoul into the hand of Almighty GOD that gave it, and my body I recommend to the earth, to be buried in a decent chriſtian burial, at the diſcretion of my executors: Nothing doubting, but at the general reſurrection I ſhall receive the ſame again, by the mighty power of GOD. And as touching ſuch worldly eſtate wherewith it has pleaſed GOD to bleſs me in this life, I give, demiſe, and diſpoſe of the ſame in the following manner and form.

Firſt. I give and bequeath to Elizabeth, my dearly beloved wife, the ſum of one thouſand dollars, lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, to be raiſed and levied out of my eſtate, together with all my houſehold goods, debts, and moveable effects.

Alſo, I give to my well beloved daughter, Elizabeth Weakly, whom I likewiſe conſtitute, make, and ordain the ſole executrix of this my laſt will and teſtament, all and ſingular my lands, meſſuages, and tenements, by her freely to be poſſeſſed and enjoyed.—And I do hereby utterly diſavow, revoke and diſannul all and every other former teſtaments, wills, legacies, bequeſts and executors, by me in any wiſe before mentioned, willed and bequeathed; ratifying and confirming this, and no other, to be my laſt will and teſtament. In witneſs whereof, I have hereunto ſet my hand and ſeal, this twelfth day of June, 1796.

WILLIAM WEAKLY. ☉

Signed, ſealed, publiſhed, pronounced and declared, by the ſaid William Weakly, as his laſt Will and Teſtament, in the preſence of us who, in his preſence, and in the preſence of each other, have hereunto ſubſcribed our names.

• Henry Hardy.
• Levi Lewis.
• Hiram Hale.

The teſtator, after taking of the ſeal, muſt, in the preſence of the witneſſes, pronounce theſe words, I publiſh and declare this to be my laſt will and teſtament.

Note, If a will be already made, and the perſon hath no mind to alter it, but to add ſomething more, there may be affixed the following Codicil, or Schedule to it, and it will ſtand good in law, as part of the will.

A Codicil to a Will.

Be it known to all men by theſe preſents, that I William Weakly, of Boſton, hatter, have made and declared my laſt will and teſtament in writing, bearing date the twelfth day of June, one thouſand ſeven hundred and ninetyſix. I the ſaid William Weakly, by this preſent Codicil, do ratify and confirm my ſaid laſt will and teſtament, and do further give and bequeath upon my loving couſin and godſon William Weakly, [•]unior, the ſum of two hundred dollars of good and lawful money of Maſſachuſetts, to be paid unto him the ſaid William Weakly, by my executrix, out of my eſtate: And my will and meaning is, that this codicil be adjudged to be a part and parcel of my laſt will and teſtament.; and that all things therein mentioned and contained, be faithfully and truly performed, and as fully and amply in every reſpect, as if the ſame were ſo declared and ſet down in my ſaid laſt will and teſtament.

Witneſs my hand this twentieth day of June, 1796.

WILLIAM WEAKLY.

Signed, in the preſence of us

• A. B.
• C. D.

The Wheel of Fortune, and what is meant by it.

WHEN any deſire to know a queſtion, ſtate any number not exceeding 30[•] to that lot the number of the day be added and the firſt letter of your name, which perhaps may prove a figure letter, and let the number be divided by three, and if the diviſion comes out even, then expect a good iſſue of what you require, whether relating to love, buſineſs or the like; but if broken, and odd, then the ſucceſs will be bad, if not altogether unfortunate.

Several Queries reſolving in Matters of Love and Buſineſs, by throwing a Die, or pricking at a Figure, after the Form and Rules of the following Table.

WHAT number you throw, or what number or letter you prick upon, they being covered with a piece of paper, through which you muſt prick, go to the ſame number and letter in the following ſolutions, for a true anſwer.

THE FORTUNE TABLE.

As to what kind of a Huſband a Widow or Maid ſhall have.

Whether a Maid ſhall have him ſhe loves.

How many Huſbands you may expect, &c.

Whether it be beſt to marry or not.

FINIS.