The Art of Distillation

THE ART OF DISTILLATION OR, A TREATISE OF THE Choiceſt Spagiricall PREPARATIONS Performed by way of DISTILLATION.

Together with the Deſcription of the Chiefeſt FƲRNACES & VESSELS Uſed by Ancient and Moderne CHYMISTS.

ALSO, A Diſcourſe of divers Spagiricall Experiments and Curioſities And the Anatomy of GOLD and SILVER, with the Chiefeſt Preparations and Curioſities thereof; together with their Vertues.

All which are contained in VI. BOOKES▪

Compoſed by JOHN FRENCH Dr. of Phyſick.

THE SECOND EDITION▪

To which is added, The LONDON-DISTILLER ▪ Exactly and truly ſhewing the way (in words at length, and not in myſterious Characters and Figures) to DRAW all Sorts of SPIRITS and STRONG-WATERS: To which is added their VERTUES: With the Additions of other Excellent Waters.

LONDON, Printed by E. Cotes, for Thomas Williams at the [〈◊〉] of the BIBLE in Little-britain without Alderſgate, 16[••]

To my much honoured friend TOBIAS GARBRAND, Doctor of Phyſick, and Principall of Glocester-hall, in OXFORD.

SIR!

IT is my ambition to let the world know upon what ſcore it is that I do eſpecially honour men. It is not Sir! as they are high born Heirs of the great Potentates, for which moſt honour them (and upon which account I alſo ſhall not deny them their due) but as they excell in honeſty, and are friends to Art. That poor Philoſophers ſhould take no delight in riches, and rich men ſhould take great delight in Philoſophy, is to me an argument, that there is more delight, honor, and ſatisfaction in the one then in the enjoyment of the other. I once read of a Noble mans Porter that let in all that were rich apparelled, but excluded a poor Philoſopher: but I ſhould, if I had been in his place, have rather let in the Philoſopher without the gay cloathes, then the gay cloathes without the Philoſopher. As long as I have ſenſe or reaſon, I ſhall improve them to the honour of Art, eſpecially that of Alchymie. In the perfection thereof there are riches, honour, health, and length of dayes: by it Arteſius lived 1000. years, Flammell built 28 Hoſpitalls with large revenues to them, beſides Churches and Chappels; for it; both they and divers more were accounted Philoſophers, and wiſe men, which ſounds more honourable in my eares then all the ratling and empty titles of honour whatſoever beſides. In the perfection of this Art, I mean the accompliſhing of the Elixir, is the Sulphur of Philoſophers ſet at liberty, which gratifies the releaſers thereof with three Kingdomes, viz. Vegetable, Animall, and Minerall, and what cannot they do, and how honourable are they, that have the command of theſe? They may command Lead into Gold, dying plants into fruitfulneſſe, the ſick into health, old age into youth, darkneſſe into light, and what not? A month would fail to give you an account of their power and dominations. Now for the effecting of this I ſhall beſides what I have adviſed in the Epiſtle to the Reader, ſay only this; Court the Mother, and you winne the Daughter, prevail with Nature, and the fair Diana of the Philoſophers is at your ſervice.

Now if you cannot prevaile with Nature for the faireſt of her daughters, viz. the Mercury of Philoſophers, yet ſhe hath other Daughters of wonderfull beauty alſo, as are the Eſſences and Magiſteries of Philoſophers, which alſo are endowed with riches, honour, and health▪ and any of theſe you may more eaſily prevail with their mother Nature for. This Art of Alchymie is that S[•]lary Art, which is more noble then all the other ſix Arts, and Sciences, and if it did once throughly ſhine forth out of the clouds whereby it is eclipſed, would darken all the reſt, (as the Sun doth the other ſix planets) or at leaſt ſwallow up their light. This is that true naturall Philoſophy which moſt accurately anatomizeth Nature and naturall things, and ocularly demonſtrates the principles and operations of them. That empty naturall philoſophy which is read in the Univerſities, is ſcarce the meaneſt hand-maid to this Queen of Arts. It is pity there is ſuch great encouragement for many empty and unprofitable Arts, and none for this, and ſuch like ingenuities, which if promoted would render an Univerſity far more flouriſhing then the former. I once read or heard of a famous Univerſity beyond Sea, that was faln into decay, through what cauſe I know not: but there was a generall councell held by the learned, how to reſtore it to its primitive glory. The Medium at laſt agreed upon was the promoting of Alchymie, and encouraging the Artiſts themſelves. But I never expect to ſee ſuch rationall actings in this Nation, till ſhadows vaniſh, ſubſtances flouriſh, and truth prevail: which time I hope is at hand and deſired by all true Artiſts, and to my knowledge, eſpecially by your ſelf, upon which account I truly honour you. Now to your ſelfe therefore I crave leave to adumbrate ſomething of that Art which I know you will be willing for the publick good to promote. I dedicate this Treatiſe to you, not that it is worthy your acceptance, but that it may receive worth by your accepting of it. I preſent it to you (as men bring lead to Philoſophers to be tinged into gold) to receive the ſtamp of your favour, and approbation, that it may paſt currant, with acceptance amongſt the ſons of Art, whereby you will continue to oblige him who is

London, Nove. 25. 1650. SIR,

Your moſt obliged Servant, JOHN FRENCH.

To the Reader.

THere is a glut of Chymicall books, but a ſcarcity of Chymicall truthes: Nature and Art affords variety of Spagyricall preparations, but they are as yet partly undiſ[•]overed, partly diſperſed in many books and thoſe of divers Languages, and partly reſerved in private mens hands. When therefore I conſidered what need there is of, and how acceptable a generall treatiſe of Distillations might be, eſpecially to our Engliſh Nation (and the rather ſince Baker upon Diſtillations is by reaſon of the deſcription of a few furnaces, and veſſels therein, beſides which there is ſmall variety either of preparations, or curioſities, ſold at ſuch a high rate) I thought I could do them no better ſervice then to preſent them with ſuch a treatiſe of that ſubject, which ſhould contain in it the choiſeſt preparations of the ſelecteſt Authors both ancient and moderne, and thoſe of ſeverall languages, and which I have attained by my own long, and manuall experience, together with ſuch as I have by way of exchange purchaſed out of the hands of private men, [•]hich they had monopolized as great ſecrets. But on the other hand when I conſidered what a multitude of Artiſts there are in this Nation, from many of which more and better things might be expected then from my ſelf, I was at a nonplus in my reſolutions, fearing it might be accounted an unpardonable preſumption in me to undertake that which might be better performed by others. But for the avoiding of this aſperſion, be pleaſed to underſtand that I preſent not this to the world under any other notion then of a rough draught (which indeed is the worke of the more unskilfull, and therefore of my ſelf, without exception) to be poliſhed by the more expert Artiſt. I rejoyce as at the break of the day after a long tedious night, to ſee how this ſolary art of Alchymie begins for to ſhine f[•]rth out of the clouds of reproach which it hath a long time undeſervedly layen under. There are two things which have a long time eclipſed it, viz. the miſts of ignorance, and the ſpecious lunary body of deceit. Ariſe O Sun of truth, and diſpell theſe interpoſed fogs, that the Queen of Arts may triumph in ſplendour! If men did beleeve what this Art could effect, and what variety there is in it, they would be no longer ſtraightned by, nor bound up to or jurare in verba Galeni, vel Ariſto[•]elis, but would now ſubſcribe a new engagement to be true and faithfull to the principles of He[•]mes, and Parace[•]ſus, as they ſtand eſtabliſhed without Ariſto[•]le their prince, and Galen, and Hippocrates, their lords and maſters. They would no longer ſtand dreaming forth, Sic dicit Galenus, but Ipſe dixit Hermes. I deſire not to be miſtaken as if I did deny Galen his due, or Hippocrates what is his right, for indeed they wrote excellently in many things, and deſerved well thereby; That which I cannot allow of in them is their ſtrict obſervation of the quadruplicity of humours (which in the ſchoole of Paracelſus, and writings of Helmont, where the Anatomy of humours hath been moſt rationally and fully diſcuſſed, hath been ſufficiently confuted) and their confining themſelves to ſuch crude medicines, which are more fit to be put into Spagyricall veſsels for a further digeſtion, then into mens bodies to be fermented therein. Certainly if men were leſſe ignorant they would preferre cordiall eſſences before crude juices, balſamicall Elixirs before flegmatick waters, the Mercury of philoſophers before common quickſilver. But many men have ſo little inſight in this Art, that they ſcarce believe any thing in it beyond the Diſtilling of Waters and Oils, and extracting of Salts; nay many that pretend to Philoſophy, and would be accounted Philoſophers, are ſo unbeleeving, that, as ſaith Sandivogius, although he would have intimated the true Art to them word by word, yet they would by no meanes underſtand or beleeve that there was any water in the Philoſophers ſea. And as he in this caſe, ſo I in another know divers that will not beleeve that common quickſilver can of it ſelfe be turned wholy into a tranſparent water, or that glaſſe can be reduced into ſand and ſalt of which it was made, ſaying that fuſio vitrificatoria eſt ultima fuſio; or that an hearb may be made to grow in two hours, and the Idea of a plant to appear in a glaſſe, as if the very plant it ſelfe were there, and this from the eſſence thereof, and ſuch like preparations as theſe: the two former whereof may be done in half an hour, but the latter requires a longer time, but yet posſible. And for the poſſibility of the Elixir, you ſhall aſſoon perſwade them to beleeve they know nothing (which is very hard, nay an impoſſible thing to do) then to beleeve the poſſibility thereof. If there be any ſuch thing (ſay they) why are not the poſſeſsors thereof infinitely rich, famous, do many miracles and cures, and live long? Theſe Objections, eſpecially ſome of them, ſcarce deſerve an anſwer; yet I ſhall to ſhew the vanity of them make ſome reply thereunto. Did not Arteſius by the help of this medicine live 1000. yeares? Did not Flammell build fourteen Hoſpitals in Paris beſides as many in Boleigne, beſides Churches, and Chappels with large revenews to them all? Did not Bacon do many miracles? and Paracelſus many miraculous cures? Beſides what ſaith Sandivogius? I have, ſaith he, incurred more dangers, and difficulties by diſcovering my ſelf to have this ſecret, then ever I had profit by it, and whenſoever I would diſcover my ſelfe to the great Ones, it alwayes redounded to my prejudice, and danger. Can a man that carrieth alwaies about him 10000. pounds worth of Jewels and gold, travel every where up and downe, ſafe, and not be robbed? Have not many rich moneymongers been tortured into a confeſſion where their money was concealed? Did you never heare of a vapouring fellow in London, that portending to the knowledge of this Myſtery was on a ſuddaine caught aſide by money-thirſters, and by them tormented with tortures little leſse then thoſe of hell, being forced thereby (if he had knowne it) into a diſcovery of it? To ſay nothing of being in danger of being ſubjected, and enſlaved to the pleaſure of Princes, and of becoming inſtrumentall to their luxury, and tyranny, as alſo being deprived of all liberty, as once Raimundus Lullius. The truth is, the greateſt matter that Philoſophers aime at, is the enjoyment of themſelves, for which cauſe they have ſequestred themſelves from the world, and become Hermites: Well therefore and like a Philoſopher ſpake Sandivogius, when he ſaid, Beleeve me, if I were not a man of that ſtate and condition that I [•]m of, nothing would be more pleaſant to me then a ſolatary life, or with Diogenes to live hid under a tub; for I ſee all things in this world to be but vanity, and that deceit, and covetouſneſſe prevail much, that all things are vendible, and that vice doth excel vertue. I ſee the better things of the life to come before mine eyes, I rejoice in theſe: Now I do not wonder, as before I did, why Philoſophers when they have attained this medicine, have not cared to have their daies ſhortned, (although by the vertue of their medicine they could have prolonged them) for every Philoſopher hath the life to come ſo cleerly ſet before his eyes, as thy face is ſeen in a glaſſe. Thus much by way of reply to the frivolous objections of thoſe that beleeve not the verity of this Art, and not onely ſo, but will not beleeve it. If you ſhould diſcover to them the proceſſe of the Philoſophers ſtone, they would laugh at your ſimplicity, and I will warrant you never make uſe of it. Nay if you ſhould make projection before them, they would think that even in that there were a fallacy, ſo unbeleeving are they: ſo I finde them, and ſo I leave them, and ſhall for ever finde them the ſame.

There is another ſort of men by whom this Art hath been much ſcandalized, and they indeed have brought a great Odium upon it by carrying about, and vending their whites, and reds, their ſophiſticated oils, and ſalts, their dangerous and ill prepared Turbithes, and Aurum vitae's. And indeed it were worth while, and I might do good ſervice for the Nation, to diſcover their cheats, as their ſophiſticating of Chymicall oils with ſpirit of Turpentine, and ſalts with ſalt extracted out of any wood-aſhes and ſuch like, but here is not place for ſo large a diſcourſe as this would amount to. I ſhall only at this time relate to you how Penotus was cheated with a ſophiſticated Oil of gold: for, ſaith he, I gave 24. duckets for the proceſſe of an Aurum potabile which was much cryed [•]p and magnified at Prague, but at laſt it proved to be nothing but a mixture of oil of Camphire, Cloves, Fennel-ſeed, and of Vitriall tinged with the leaves of Gold. I know I ſhall incurre the diſpleaſure of ſome, but they are ſophisticating, cheating mountebācks, who indeed deſerve to be bound to the peace, becauſe many men, I dare ſwear, through their means go in danger of their lives. Better it is that their knavery ſhould be detected, then a noble Art through their villany be clouded, and aſperſed.

Now we muſt conſider that there are degrees in this Art; for there is the accompliſhing of the Elixir it ſelf, and there is the diſcovering of many excellent eſſences, magiſteries, and ſpirits, &c. which abundantly recompenſe the diſcoverers thereof with profit, health, and delight. Is not Paracelſus his Ludus that diſſolves the ſtone, and all tartarous matter in the body into a liquor, worth finding out? Is not his Tinea Scatura a moſt noble medicine, that extinguiſheth all preternaturall heat in the body in a moment: Is not his Altaheſt a famous diſſolvent, that can in an inſtant diſſolve all things into their first principles, and withall is a ſpecificum againſt all diſtempers of the liver? who would not take paines to make the quinteſſence of honey▪ and the Philoſophicall ſpirit of Wine, which are cordiall and balſamicall even to admiration? A whole day would fail to reckon up all the excellent, admirable rar[•]ties that by this ſpagyricall Art might be brought to light, in the ſearching out of which, why may not the Elixir it ſelfe at laſt be attained unto? Is it not poſſible for them that paſſe through many Philoſophicall preparations to unfold at laſt the riddles, and Hieroglyphicks of the Philoſophers? or were they all meer Phantaſmes? Is there no fundamentum in re for this ſecret? Is there no ſperme in gold? Is it not poſſible to exalt it for multiplication? Is there no univerſall ſpirit in the world? Is it not poſſible to finde that collected in one thing, which is diſperſed in all things? What is that which makes gold incorruptible? What induced the Philoſophers to examine gold for the matter of their medicine? Was not all gold once living? Is there none of this living gold, the matter of Philoſophres, to be had? Did Sandivogius the laſt of knowne Philoſophers ſpend it all? Surely there is matter enough for Philoſophers, and alſo ſome Philoſophers at this day for the matter, although they are unknowne to us. There are, ſaith Sandivogius, without doubt many men of a good conſcience both of high and low degree (I ſpeak knowingly) that have this medicine, and keep it ſecretly. If ſo, let no man be diſcouraged in the proſecution of it, eſpecially if he take along with him the five Keyes▪ which Nollius ſets down, which indeed all Philoſophers with one conſent enjoyne the uſe and obſervation of.

1. Seeing it is a thing divine, and celeſtiall, it muſt be ſought for from above, and that not without a full reſolution for a pious, and charitable improvement of it.

2. Before thou betakeſt thy ſelfe to the worke, propound to thy ſelfe what thou ſeekeſt for, and enter not upon the practicke till thou art firſt well verſed in the theory, for it is much better to learn with thy braines, and imagination, then with thy hands, and coſts, and eſpecially ſtudy nature well; and ſee if thy propoſals be agreeable to the poſſibility thereof.

3. Diligently read the ſayings of true Philoſophers, read them over again and again, and meditate on them, and take heed thou doeſt not read the writings of Impoſters in ſtead of the Books of the true Philoſophers. Compare their ſayings with the poſſibility of Nature, and obſcure places with cleare, and where Philoſophers ſay they have erred doe thou beware, and conſider well the generall axioms of Philoſophers, and read ſo long till thou ſeeſt a ſweet Harmony, and conſent in the ſayings of them.

4. Imagine not high things, but in all things imitate nature, viz. in matter; in removing what is Heterogeneous; in weight; in colour; in fire; in working; in ſlowneſſe of working; and let not thy operations be vulgar, neither thy veſſels; work diligently and conſtantly.

5. If it be poſſible, acquaint thy ſelf throughly with ſome true Philoſophers. Although they will not directly diſcover themſelves that they have this ſecret, yet by one circumſtance or another it may be concluded how neer they are to it. Would not any rationall man that had been converſant with Bacon, and ſeeing him doe ſuch miraculous things, or with Sandivogius who did intimate the Art to ſome word by word, have concluded that they were not ignorant of it? There have been Philoſophers, and perhaps ſtill are, that although they will not diſcover how it is made, yet may certifie you, to the ſaving of a great deal of coſt, pains, and time, how it is not made: and to be convinced of an errour is a great ſtep to the truth. If Ripley had been by any Tutor convinced of thoſe many errours before he had bought his knowledge at ſo deare a rate, he had long before, with leſſe charges attained to his bleſſed deſire.

And as a friendly Tutor in this, ſo in all ſpagyricall preparations whatſoever, is of all things moſt neceſſary. A faithfull well experienced maſter will teach thee more in the myſteries of Alchymy in a quarter of a year, then by thine owne ſtudies and chargeable operations thou ſhalt learn in ſeven yeares. In the firſt place therefore, and above all things apply thy ſelfe to an expert, faithfull, and comm[•]nicative Artiſt, and account it a great gain, if thou canſt purchaſe his favour, though with a good gratuity, to lead thee through the manuall practice of the chiefeſt, and choiſeſt preparations. I ſaid apply thy ſelf to an Artiſt, for there is ſcarce any proceſſe in all Chymiſtry ſo eaſie that he that never ſaw it done will be to ſeek, and commit ſome errours in the doing of it. I ſaid expert, that he may be able to inſtruct thee aright; faithful, that as he is able, ſo may faithfully performe what he promiſeth; and communicative, that he may be free in diſcovering himſelfe and his Art to thee. The truth is, moſt Artiſts reſerve that to themſelves, which they know, either out of a deſire to be admired the more for their undiſcovered ſecrets, or out of envie to others knowledge. But how far this humour is approvable in them, I leave it to others to judge; and as for my part I have here communicated upon the account of a bare acceptance onely what I have with many years paines, much reading, and great coſts known. There is but one thing which I deſire to be ſilent in as touching the proceſſe thereof; as for the thing it ſelfe to be prepared, what it is I have elſewhere in this Treatiſe expreſsed; and the preparing of that is indeed a thing worthy of any ones knowing, and which perhaps hereafter I may make known to ſome. I am of the ſame mind with Sandivogius, that that fourth Monarchy which is Northerne, is d[••] [•]ning, in which (as the ancient Philoſophers did divine) all Arts and Sciences ſhall flouriſh, and greater and more things ſhall be diſcovered then in the three former. Theſe Monarchies the Philoſophers reckon not according to the more potent, but according to the corners of the world, whereof the Northerne is the laſt, and indeed is no other then the golden age, in which all tyranny, oppreſſion, envie, and covetouſneſſe ſhall ceaſe, when there ſhall be one prince and one people abounding with love and mercy, and flouriſhing in peace: which day I earneſtly expect.

In the mean time if what I know may adde to thy experience, thou haſt it freely. And if I ſhall ſee that this Treatiſe of Diſtillation paſſe with acceptance umongſt the Artiſts of this Nation, I ſhall hereafter gratifie them for their good will with two other parts of Chymiſtrie, viz. Sublimaton, and Calcination; and I hope this will be an occaſion to ſet the more expert Artiſts on work, for the communicating their experiences to the world. One thing (courteous Reader) let me deſire thee to take notice of, viz. whereas every proceſſe is ſet down plain, yet all of them muſt be proceeded in ſecundum Artem Alchymiſtae, (which Art indeed is obtained by experience) and therefore many that work according to the bare proceſſe effect not what they intend; and the reaſon is, becauſe there was ſome art of the Alchymiſt wanting. To conclude, if thou knoweſt more or better things then theſe, be candid, and impart them; (conſidering that I wrote theſe for them that know them not) if not, accept of the endeavours of thy Friend

JOHN FRENCH.

What diſtillation is; and the kinds thereof.

I Shall not ſtand here to ſhew whence the Art of Diſtillation had its originall, as being a thing not eaſily to be proved, and if known, yet little conducing to our enſuing diſcourſe. But let us underſtand what Diſtillation is, of which there are three principall and chief definitions, or deſcriptions.

1 Diſtillation is a certain Art of extracting the Liquor, or the humid part of things by vertue of heat (as the matter ſhall require) being firſt reſolved into a vapour, and then condenſed again by cold.

2. Diſtillation is the art of extracting the ſpirituall and eſſential humidity from the flegmatick, or of the flegmatick, from the ſpirituall.

3 Diſtillation is the changing of groſſe thick bodies into a thinner and liquid ſubſtance, or ſeparation of the pure liquor from the impure feces.

I ſhall treat of Diſtillation according to all theſe three acceptions, and no otherwiſe; hence I ſhall exclude Sublimation, and Calcination, which are of dry ſubſtances, unleſſe I ſhall by the way make uſe of either in relation to the perfecting of any kind of Diſtillation.

Now becauſe all, or moſt of theſe diſtillations are to be performed by heat, it will be neceſſary to underſtand how many degrees of heat there are, and which are convenient for every operation, and they are principally four.

The firſt is only a warmth, as is that of horſe dung, of the Sun, of warm water, and the vapour thereof, which kind of heat ſerves for putrefaction, and digeſtion.

2 The ſecond is of ſ[•]ething water, and the vapour thereof, as alſo of aſhes, and ſerves to diſtill thoſe things which are ſubtile, and moiſt, as alſo for the rectifying of any ſpirit or oil.

3 The third is of ſand and filings of iron, which ſerves to diſtill things ſubtle, and dry, or groſſe and moiſt.

4 The fourth is of a naked fire, cloſe, open, or with a blaſt, which ſerves to diſtill Metalls and Minerals, and hard gummie things, as Amber, &c. I do not ſay ſerves only to diſtill theſe, for many of the former diſtillations are performed by this heat, as the diſtilling of Spirits and Oils, &c. in a copper ſtill over a naked fire; but theſe may be diſtilled by the two former degrees of heat; but Mineralls and ſuch like cannot but by this fourth degree alone.

Of the matter and form of Furnaces.

THe matter of Furnaces is various, for they may be made either of brick and clay, or clay alone with whites of Egges, hair, and filings of Iron, (and of theſe if the clay be fat are made the beſt, and moſt durable Furnaces) or of Iron, or Copper, caſt or forged. The forms alſo of Furnaces are various.

The fitteſt form for Diſtillation is round; for ſo the heat of the fire being carryed up equally diffuſeth it ſelf every way▪ which happens not in a Furnace of another figure, as four ſquare or triangular, for the corners diſperſe and ſeparate the force of the fire. Their magnitude muſt be ſuch as ſhal be fit for the receiving of the veſſel; their thickneſſe ſo great as neceſſity ſhall ſeem to require; only thus much obſerve, that if they be made of forged iron or copper, they muſt be coated within ſide, eſpecially if you intend to uſe them for a ſtrong fire. They muſt be madewith two bottomes, diſtinguiſht as it were, into two forges▪ the one below which may receive the aſhes, the other above to contain the fire. The bottom of this upper muſt either be an iron grate, or elſe an Iron plate perforated with many holes, that ſo the aſhes may the more eaſily fall down into the bottome, which otherwiſe would put[•]out the fire. Yet ſome Furnaces have three partitions, as the Furnace for Reverberation, and the Regiſter Furnace. In the firſt and loweſt the aſhes are received, in the ſecond the fire is put, and in the third of the Furnace for Reverberation, the matter which is to be reverberated. This third ought to have a ſemi-circular cover, that ſo the heat may be reflected upon the contained matter. The bottome of the third and uppermoſt partition of the Regiſter Furnace muſt be either a plate of iron, or a ſmooth ſtone perforated with holes, having ſtopples of ſtone fitted thereunto, which you may take out or put in, as you would have the heat increaſed or decreaſed. In the top or upper part of all theſe Furnaces where it ſhal ſeem moſt fit, there muſt be two or three holes made, that by them the ſmoak may more freely paſs out, and the air let in to make the fire burn the ſtronger if need require, or elſe which are to be ſhut with ſtopples made fit to them. The mouths of the fore-mentioned partitions muſt have ſhutters, juſt like an Ovens mouth, with which you may ſhut them cloſe, or leave them open if you would have the fire burn ſtronger. But in defect of a Furnace, or fit matter to make one, we may uſe a Kettle or a Pot ſet upon a Trevet, as we ſhall ſhew when we come to give you a deſcription of the Furnace and Veſſels. The truth is, a good Artiſt will make any ſhift, yea and in half a dayes time make a Furnace or ſomething equivalent to it for any operations.

Of Veſſels fit for diſtillation.

VEſſels for Diſtillation are of various matter and forme. For they may be either of Lead, which I altogether diſapprove of, for that they turn the liquors into a white and milky ſubſtance, beſide the malignity they give to them; or they may be of Copper, Iron, or Tin, which are better then the former; or of Jug-metall, or Potters-metall glazed, or Glaſſe, which are the beſt of all, where they may be uſed without fear of breaking or melting. Some make them of ſilver, but they are very chargeable. They that are able and willing may have the benefit of them.

Of Lutes for coating of glaſſes and for Cloſures, as alſo ſeverall wayes of ſtopping glaſſes.

THe beſt Lute is made thus, viz. Take of Loam and ſand tempered with ſalt water (which keeps it from cleaving) to theſe adde the Caput Mortuum, of Vitrioll, or Aqua fortis, and ſcaling of Iron, and temper them well together, and this ſerveth to coat Retorts or any glaſſe veſſells that muſt endure a moſt ſtrong fire, and will never fail if well made. Some adde Flax, beaten Glaſſe, and Pots, and flint, &c.

Take unſlaked Lime, and Linſeed oil, mix them wel together and make thereof a Lute which will be ſo hard that no ſpirit will pierce it, and this ſerves for the cloſure of Glaſſes.

Or,
Take Loam and the white of an egge, mix them into a paſte, and ſpread it on a cloth. This alſo is a good cloſure.

Or,
Moiſten an Ox bladder in the white of an egge beaten to water, or in defect of a bladder uſe paper, and bind them round where the veſſells are joined together, one over another two or three times.

Or,
If the ſpirits in the glaſſe be exceeding corroſive, then uſe the Caput mortuum of Aqua fortis, Linſeed oil, and chalk mixed together.

If a Glaſſe be cracked, then wet a linnen cloth in the white of an egge beaten to water, and lay upon it, and upon that preſently whileſt it is wet, ſift ſome unſlaked Lime, and preſſe it cloſe with your hand, when that is dry lay on another cloth thus wet as before, and on it ſift more Lime.

A veſſell may be ſtopt ſo cloſe with Quickſilver that no ſpirit can breath forth, by which means the glaſſe will be preſerved from breaking by the incloſed ſpirits, (for the head will firſt yeild before the glaſſe breaks) the Veſſell muſt be made as the figure here-under ſheweth. This alſo is a good way to preſerve ſpirits already diſtilled from the air.

A, Signifies the head or cover.

B, The body or veſſell it ſelf.

C, The little glaſſe to take out the Liquor that is in the veſſell becauſe it cannot well be poured out, as by reaſon of the Quick-ſilver which will be apt to be loſt, ſo by reaſon of the form of the Veſſell it ſelf.

D, A falſe bottom where the Quick-ſilver muſt lye, into which the head muſt be ſet upon the Quick-ſilver that ſo the Quick-ſilver may come above the bottome of the Head.

Alſo you may make ſtopples of Glaſſes ground ſo ſmooth that no vapour can get forth by them, as you may ſee by this pattern.

A, Signifies the [•]topple of glaſſe ground very ſmooth and fit to the mouth of the Veſſell.

B, The glaſſe body.

But the beſt way is to have a crooked pipe, which may have quick-ſilver in it, and be well luted to the body that no ſpirit can get forth: and by this means the glaſſe will never break, for the quick-ſilver will firſt yeeld.

A, The crooked pipe.

B, The glaſſe body.

Or upon the top of a glaſſe ſtopple there may be faſtned ſome lead, that if the ſpirit be too ſtrong it wil only heave up the ſtopple and let it fall down again.

C, The glaſſe ſtopple with lead on the top.

D, The mouth of the veſſell it ſelf.

Now the way to nip up [•] glaſſe, or ſeal it up Hermetically is after this manner.

PUt what matter you pleaſe into a bolt head with a long neck or pipe, put this pipe through a pan that hath a little hole made in the bottom thereof, that the top of it may be three or four inches above the pan, cloſe up the hole round about the pipe with clay, then put coals in the pan and kindle firſt thoſe that are furtheſt off from the pipe that the heat may come by degrees to the pipe (for otherwiſe a ſudden heat will break it) when the pipe is hot, blow the coals about it till it melt, then with a pair of ſhears cut it off where it is melted, and then with a pair of tongs cloſe it together.

Note that after you have cloſed it you muſt put the burning coals upon the top thereof, and let it thus ſtand till all be cold which muſt be done by degrees, for otherwiſe the glaſſe will certainly crack in the place where it is nipped.

Note that the pan muſt ſtand upon ſome frame, or ſome hollow place that there may be a paſſage for the pipe to come through it

Alſo the bolt[•]head muſt ſtand upon a treefoot or ſome other firme place according to this figure.

An Explanation of ſuch hard words, and terms of Art, which are uſed in this enſuing Treatiſe.

A Malgamation, is a calcining or corroding metals with quickſilver, and it is done thus. Take any metall except iron, beaten into thin leafs, or very ſmall powder, mix it with about 8. parts of quick-ſilver (which may the better be done if both be heated firſt) that they may become one uniform maſſe, evaporate the quick-ſilver over the fire, and the metall will be left in the bottom as a thin calx.

Calcination it a reducing any thing into a Calx, and making it fryable, and it may be done two wayes,

• By firing
  • By reducing into aſhes.
  • By reverberating.
• By Coroſion
  • By Amalgamation,
  • Precipitation,
  • Fumigation or vaporation,
  • Cementation or ſtratification.

Circulation, is when any liquor is ſo placed in digeſtion, that it ſhall riſe up and fall down, riſe up and fall down, and ſo do continually, and thereby become more digeſted and mature, for which uſe for the moſt part we uſe a Pelican.

Clarification, is the ſeparating of the groſſe feces from any decoction or juice, and it is done three wayes,

• By the white of an Egge,
• By digeſtion,
• By filtration.

Coagulation, is the reducing of any liquid thing to a thicker ſubſtance by evaporating the humidity.

Cohgbation, is the frequent abſtraction of any Ilquor, po[••]ed oft-times on the feces from whence it was diſtilled, by diſtillation.

Congelation, is when any liquor being decocted to the height, is afterward by ſetling into any cold place turned into a tranſparent ſubſtance like unto ice.

Coroſion, is the Calcining of bodyes by corroſive things.

D.

Decantation, is the pouring off of any liquor which hath a ſetling, by inclination.

Deliquium, is the diſſolving of a hard body into a liquor, as ſalt, or the powder of any calcined matter, &c. in a moiſt, cold place.

Deſcenſion, is when the eſſentiall juice diſſolved from the matter to be diſtilled doth deſcend, or fall downward.

Deſpumation, is the taking off the froth that floats on the top with a ſpoone or feather, or by percolation.

Diſtillation, is the extracting of the humid part of things by vertue of heat, being firſt reſolved into a vapour, and then condenſed again by cold. Thus it is generally taken, but how more particularly, I ſhall afterward ſhew.

Digeſtion, is a concocting, or maturation of crude things by an eaſie and gentle heat.

Diſſolution, is the turning of bodies into a liquor by the addition of ſome humidity.

Dulcoration, or Dulcification, is either the waſhing off the ſalt from any matter that was calcined therewith, with warm water, in which the ſalt is diſſolved, and the matter dulcified: or it is ſweetning of things with ſugar, or honey, or ſyrup.

E.

Elevation, is the riſing of any matter in manner of fume, or vapour, by virtue of heat.

Evaporation, or Exhalation, is the vapouring away of any moiſture.

Exaltation, is when any matter doth by digeſtion attain to a greater purity.

Expreſſion, is the extracting of any liquor by the hand, or by a Preſſe.

Extraction, is the drawing forth of an eſſence from a corporeall matter by ſome fit liquor, as ſpirit of wine, the feces remaining in the bottome.

F.

Fermentation, is when any thing is reſolved into it ſelf, and is rarified, and ripened, whether it be done by any ferment added to it, or by digeſtion only.

Filtration, is the ſeparation of any liquid matter from its feces by making it run through a brown paper made like a tunnell, or a little bag of woollen cloth, or through ſhreds.

Fixation, is the making of any volatile, ſpiritual body endure the fire, and not flye away, whether it be done by often reiterated diſtillations, or ſublimations, or by the adding of ſome fixing thing to it.

Fumigation, is the calcining of bodies by the fume of ſharp ſpirits, whether vegetable or minerall, the bodies being laid over the mouth of the veſſell wherein the ſharp ſpirits are.

H.

Hamectation, or Irrigation, is a ſprinkling of moiſture upon any thing.

I.

Imbibition, is when any dry body drinks in any moiſture that is put upon it.

Impregnation, is when any dry body hath drank in ſo much moiſture that it will admit of no more.

Incorporation, is a mixtion of a dry and moiſt body together, ſo as to make an uniform maſſe of them.

Infuſion, is the putting of any hard matter into liquor, for the virtue thereof to be extracted.

Inſolation, is the digeſting of things in the Sun.

L.

Levigation, is the reducing of any hard matter into a moſt fine powder.

Liquation, is a melting or making any thing fluid.

Lutation, is either the ſtopping of the orifices of veſſels, that no vapour paſſe out, or the coating of any veſſell to preſerve it [•]rom breaking in the fire.

M.

Maceration, is the ſame as Digeſtion.

Maturation, is the exalting of a ſubſtance that is immature and crude to be ripened and concocted.

Menſtruum, is any Liquor that ſerves for the extracting the eſſence of any thing.

P.

Precipitation, is when bodies corroded by corroſive ſpirits either by the evaporating of the ſpirits remain in the bottome, or by pouring ſomething upon the ſpirit, as oil of Tartar, or a good quantity of water, do fall to the bottom.

Purification, is a ſeparation of any Liquor from its [•]eces whether it be done by clarification, filtration, or digeſtion.

Putrefaction, is the reſolution of a mixt body into it ſelf, by a naturall gentle heat.

Q.

Quinteſſence, is an abſolute, pure and well digeſted medicine, drawn from any ſubſtance, either animall, vegetable or minerall.

R.

Rectification, is either the drawing of the flegm from the ſpirit, or of the ſpirit from the flegm, or the exaltation of any Liquor by a reiterated diſtillation.

Reverberation, is the reducing of bodies into a Calx, by a reflecting flame.

S.

Solution, is a diſſolving or attenuating of bodies.

Stratification, is a ſtrewing of corroding powder on plates of metall by courſe.

Sublimation, is an elevating, or raiſing of the matter to the upper part of the veſſell by way of a ſubtle powder.

Subtiliation, is the turning of a body into a Liquor, or into a fine powder.

T.

Tranſmutation, is the changing of a thing in ſubſtance, colour, and quality.

V.

Volatile, is that which flyeth the fire.

Rules to be conſidered in Diſtillation.

1.

Make choice of a fit place in your houſe for the furnace, ſo that it may neither hinder any thing, nor be in danger of the falling of any thing into it that ſhall lye over it: for a forcing Furnace it will be beſt to ſet it in a chimney, becauſe a ſtrong heat is uſed to it, and many times there are uſed brands which will ſmoak, and the fire being great the danger thereof may be prevented, and of things of a maligne and venenate qualitie being diſtilled in ſuch a Furnace, the fume or vapour, if the glaſs ſhould break, may be carryed up into the chimney which otherwiſe will flye about the room to thy prejudice.

2.

In all kinds of Diſtillation the veſſels are not to be filled too full, for if you diſtill Liquors they will run over, if other ſolider things, the one part will be burnt before the other part be at all worked upon, but fill the fourth part of Gourds, the half of Retorts, the third part of copper veſſels; and in rectifying of ſpirits fill the veſſell half full.

3.

Let thoſe things which are flatulent, as wax, roſin, and ſuch like, as alſo thoſe things which do eaſily boil up, as honey, be put in a leſſer quantity, and be diſtilled in greater veſſels, with the addition of ſalt, ſand, or ſuch like.

4.

There be ſome things which require a ſtrong fire, yet you muſt have a care that the fire be not too vehement for fear their nature ſhould be deſtroyed.

5.

You muſt have a care that the lute with which veſſels are cloſed, do not give vent and alter the nature of the Liquor; eſpecially when a ſtrong fire is to be uſed.

6.

Acid Liquors have this peculiar property, that the weaker part goes forth firſt, and the ſtronger laſt; but in fermented and Liquors the ſpirit goeth firſt, then the flegme.

7.

If the Liquor retain a certain Empyreuma, or ſmatch of the fire, thou ſhalt help it by putting it into a glaſs cloſe ſtopt, and ſo expoſing it to the heat of the Sun, and now and then opening the glaſs that the fiery impreſſion may exhale, or elſe let the glaſs ſtand in a cold moiſt place.

8.

When you put water into a ſeething-Balneum wherein there are glaſſes, let it be hot, or elſe thou wilt endanger the breaking of the glaſſes.

9.

When thou takeſt an earthen or glaſs veſſel from the fire, expoſe it not to the cold air too ſuddenly for fear it ſhould break.

10.

If thou wouldſt have a Balneum as hot as aſhes, put ſand or ſawduſt into it, that the heat of the water may be therewith kept in, and made more intenſe.

11.

If you would make a heat with horſe-dung, the manner is this, viz. make a hole in the ground, then lay one courſe of horſe dung a foot thick, then a courſe of unſlaked lime half a foot thick, then another of dung, as before, then ſet in your veſſel, and lay round it lime and horſe dung mixt together; preſs it down very hard; you muſt ſprinkle it every other day with water, and when it ceaſeth to be hot, then take it out and put in more.

12.

Note that alwayes ſand or aſhes muſt be well ſiſted, for otherwiſe a coal or ſtone therein may break your glaſs.

13.

The time for putrefaction of things is various, for if the thing to be putrefied be vegetables and green, leſs time is required, if dry, a longer, if Minerals, the longeſt of all. Thus much note, that t[••] [•]gs are ſooner putrefied in cloudy weather then in fair.

14.

If thou wouldſt keep vegetables freſh and green all the year, gather them in a dry day, and put them into an earthen veſſel, which you muſt ſtop cloſe, and ſet in a cold place: and they will, as ſaith Glauberus, keep freſh a whole year.

15.

Do not expect to extract the eſſence of any vegetable unleſs by making uſe of the feces, left after diſtillation: for if you take thoſe feces, as for example of a nettle, and make a decoction thereof, and ſtrain it and ſet it in the froſt, it wil be congealed & in it will appear a thouſand leaves of nettles with their prickles which when the decoction is again reſolved by heat, vaniſh away, which ſhews that the eſſence of the vegetables lies in the ſalt thereof.

16.

In all your operations, diligently obſerve the proceſſes which you read, and vary not a tittle from them, for ſometimes a ſmal miſtake or neglect ſpoils the whole operation, and fruſtrates your expectation.

17.

Try not at firſt experiments of great coſt, or great difficulty, for it will be a great diſcouragement to thee, and thou wilt be very apt to miſtake.

18.

If any would enter upon the practiſe of Chymiſtrie, let him apply himſelf to ſome expert Artiſt for to be inſtructed in the manual operation of things, for by this means he wil learn more in two months, then he can by his practiſe and ſtudy in 7 years, as alſo avoid much pains and coſt, and redeem much time which elſe of neceſſity he will loſe.

19.

Enter not upon any operation, unleſs it be conſiſtent with the poſſibility of nature, which therefore thou muſt endeavour as much as poſſibly may be, to underſtand well.

20.

Do not interpret all things thou readeſt according to the literall ſenſe, for Philoſophers when they wrote any thing too excellent for the vulgar to know, expreſſed it enigmatically, that the ſons of Art only might underſtand it.

21.

In all thy operations propoſe a good end to thy ſelf, as not to uſe any excellent experiment that thou ſhalt diſcover, to any ill end, but for the publick good.

22.

It wil be neceſſary that thou knoweſt all ſuch inſtruments that thou ſhalt uſe about thy Furnace and Glaſſes, whereof ſome are already expreſſed, and ſome more are ſhewn in the following page.

A, Signifies an iron rod with two iron rings at the ends thereof, which must be heated red hot, and applyed to that part of the glaſs which thou wouldſt break off. When thou haſt held it there ſo long till the glaſs be very hot, then take it off, and drop ſome cold water where thou wouldſt have it break off, and it will preſently crack in ſunder. Theſe rings are for ſuch glaſſes as will goe into them: Thou muſt have divers of this ſort, even of all ſizes.

B, An iron hook which muſt be heated hot, and applyed to any great glaſs that will not goe into a ring, this hook bath a wooden handle.

C, A pair of tongs which are for divers uſes.

D, A crooked iron to rake betwixt the grates to clear them.

E, An iron rake to rake the aſhes out of the aſh-hole.

A thread dipt in melted brimſtone and tyed about a glaſs, and then fired, may ſerve in ſtead of the iron rings, and the hook.

Common diſtilled ſimple waters, are made thus.

TAke what herbs or flowers you pleaſe, put them into a common cold Still, and let them diſtill gently.

This is the form of a common cold Still.

But note that this kinde of water is but the flegm of the vegetable which you diſtil, and hath very little vertue or odour in it; only roſes and mints and two or three more have an odour, but all beſides, have as little vertue as common diſtilled water.

I do not deny but that it may be ſo ordered, that theſe kinds of waters may partake both of the ſmell and ſtrength of their vegetables in a good meaſure, and it is thus.

To make waters in a cold Still that ſhall have the full ſmell and vertue of the vegetable.

TAke what herbs, flowers, or roots you pleaſe (ſo that they be green) bruiſe them and mix with them ſome leaven, and let them ſtand cloſe covered for four or five days: then diſtil them after the manner aforeſaid.

Another way to make Water taſte and ſmell ſtrong of its vegetable.

WHen you have diſtilled any vegetable in a cold Still after the uſuall manner (ſo that you take heed you dry not the hearb too much, which you may prevent by putting a brown paper in the bottom of the Still, giving it a gentle fire, and turning the cake before it be quite dryed) take the cakes that remain in the bottome of the Still, and the water that is diſtilled from thence (having a good quantity thereof) and put them into a hot Still, and let them ſtand warm for the ſpace of 24 hours, then diſtil them. Then if you would have the water ſtrong, put the ſaid water into more freſh cakes, caſting away the other, and doe as before. This is the trueſt and beſt way to have the water of any vegetables. Alſo thou ſhalt by this way purchaſe ſome oil which is to be ſeparated and to be kept by it ſelf.

To make water at any time of the year in a cold Still without green herbs, ſo that the water ſhall ſmell ſtrong of the hearb.

PUt fair water into the body of the cold Still, then hang a bag full of that hearb that thou wouldſt have the water of, being firſt dryed, or ſeed or root thereof firſt bruiſed, then make a ſtrong fire under the Still.

Note that thoſe vegetables of which the water is made after this and the former manner, muſt be of a fragrant ſmell, for ſuch as have but little or no ſmell cannot yeeld a water of any conſiderable odour.

Another way to make a water taſte and ſmell ſtrong of its vegetables.

TAke of the dry hearb, or ſeed, or root bruiſed, to a pound of each, put 12, pints of ſpring water, diſtill them in a hot Still or Alembick, and the water that is diſtilled off put upon more of the freſh hearbs, ſeeds, or roots; do this three or four times, and thou ſhalt have a water full of the vertue of the vegetable, being almoſt as ſtrong as a ſpirit.

To make the water of the flowers of Jaſmin, Honey-ſuckles, or Woodbine, Violets, Lillies, &c. retain the ſmell of their flowers.

The reaſon why theſe flowers in the common way of diſtillation yeeld a water of no fragrancie at all, although they themſelves are very odoriforous, are either becauſe if a ſtronger fire be made in the diſtilling of them, the groſſer and more earthy ſpirit cometh out with the finer, and troubleth it, as it is in caſe the flowers be cruſhed or bruiſed (where the odour up[••] the ſame account is loſt) or becauſe the odoriferous ſpirit thereof being thin and very ſubtle, riſeth with a gentle heat, but for lack of body vapours away. The a[•] [•]therefore that is here required, is to prevent the mixtion of the groſſer ſpirit with the finer, and to give ſuch a body to the finer that ſhall not embaſe it: and it is thus.

Take of either of the aforeſaid flowers gathered freſh, and at noon in a fair day, let them not at all be bruiſed. Infuſe a handfull of them in two quarts of White-wine (which muſt be very good, or elſe you labour in vain) for the ſpace of half an hour, then take them forth, and infuſe in the ſame wine the ſame quantity of freſh flowers, this do eight or ten times, but ſtill remember that they be not infuſed above half an hour, (for according to the rule of infuſion, a ſhort ſtay of the body that hath a fine ſpirit in the liquor receiveth the ſpirit; but a longer ſtay confoundeth it, becauſe it draweth forth the earthy part withall, which deſtroyeth the finer:) then diſtill this liquor (all the flowers being firſt taken out) in a glaſs gourd in a very gentle Balneo, or over a vapour of hot water, the joints of the glaſs being very well cloſed, and thou ſhalt have a water of a moſt fragrant odour. By this means the ſpirit of the wine which ſerves to body the fine odoriferous ſpirit of the flowers ariſeth as ſoon as the fine ſpirit it ſelf, without any earthineſs mixed with it.

Note that in defect of Wine, Aqua vitae will ſerve; alſo ſtrong beer, but not altogether ſo well, becauſe there is more groſs earthineſs in it then in wine.

The water of either of theſe flowers is a moſt fragrant perfume, and may be uſed as a very delicate ſweet water, and is no ſmall ſecret.

A Furnace with his veſſels to diſtil liquors with the ſteam of boyling water.

A, Shews the head of the Alembick.

B, The body thereof placed in a braſſe veſſel made for that purpoſe.

C, A braſſe veſſel perforated in many places to receive the vapor of the water. This veſſel ſhal contain the Alembick compaſſed about with ſawduſt, not only that it may the better and longer retain the heat of the vapour, but alſo leſt it ſhould be broken by the hard touch of the brazen veſſel.

D, Shews the braſſe veſſel containing the water as it is placed in the Furnace.

E, The Furnace containing the veſſel.

F, A Funnel by which you may now and then pour in water in ſtead of that which is vaniſht and diſſipated by the heat of the fire.

G, The Receiver.

The delineation of a Baln. M[•]r. which may alſo ſerve to diſtill with aſhes.

A, Shews the Furnace with the hole to take forth the aſhes.

B, Shews another furnace, as it were ſet in the other: now it is of braſs, & runs through the midſt of the kettle made alſo of braſs, that ſo the contained water or aſhes may be the more eaſily [•]eated.

C, The kettle wherein the water, aſhes, or ſand, are contained.

D, The Alembick ſet in the water, aſhes, or ſand, with the mouths of the receivers.

E, The bottome of the ſecond braſs Furnace, whoſe top is marked with B, which contains the fire.

A water out of Berries, is made thus.

TAke of what Berries you pleaſe being full ripe, put them into a gourd glaſs, ſtrewing upon them a good quantity of powdered ſugar, cover them cloſe, let them ſtand three weeks or a month, then diſtill them in Balneo.

After this manner Strawberries, Raſpberries, Elderberries, and black Cherries may be diſtilled: But note that ſuch as have ſtones, muſt firſt be bruiſed together with their ſtones.

A ſweating water made of Elderberries.

TAke of Elder berries as many as you pleaſe, preſs out the juice thereof, to every gallon thereof put a pint of Whitewine vinegar, of the lees of Whitewine a pint, let them ſtand in a wooden veſſell, which thou muſt then ſet in ſome warm place near the fire ſide for the ſpace of a week, then diſtill them in a hot Still, or Alembick.

The Furnace for a Balneum Mariae with the Alembicks and their re[•]eivers.

A, Shews the braſs Kettle full of water.

B, The cover of the Kettle perforated in two places, to give paſſage forth to the Veſſels.

C, A Pipe or Chimney added to the Kettle, wherein the fire is contained to heat the water.

D, The Alembick conſiſting of its body and head.

E, the Receiver whereinto the diſtilled liquor runs.

The effigies of another Baln. Mar. not ſo eaſie to be removed as the former.

A, Shews the veſſell or Copper that contains the water.

B, The Alembick ſet in water.

But leſt the bottom of the Alembick being half ful, ſhould float up and down in the water, and ſo ſtrike againſt the ſides of the Kettle, I have thought good to ſhew you the way and means to prevent that danger.

A, Shews the veſſel or glaſs Alembick.

B, A plate of lead whereon it ſtands.

C, Strings that bind the Alembick to the plate.

D, Rings through wch theſtrings are put to faſten the Alembick.

In defect of a Furnace for a Balneum, you may make uſe of a pot ſet upon a trevet after this manner.

An ounce or two of this water of Elder berries is a very excellent ſudorifick, and is very good in all diſeaſes that require ſweat, as alſo in hydropicall diſeaſes.

Water out of rotten apples is made thus.

TAke as many rotten apples as you pleaſe, bruiſe them, and diſtill them either in a common cold Still, or gourd glaſſes in Balneo.

This water is of greater uſe in feavers, and hot diſtempers then the common diſtilled waters of any cold vegetables.

It is very good in any hot diſtemper of the reines, and ſharpneſs of Urine.

It is very good in the inflammations of the eyes.

How to make Aqua vitae, and ſpirit of Wine out of Wine.

TAke of what wine you pleaſe, put it into a copper Still, two parts of three being empty, diſtill it with a worm untill no more ſpirit come off, then this ſpirit will ſerve for the making of any ſpirits out of vegetables: but if thou wouldſt have it ſtronger diſtill it again, and half will remain behind as an inſipid flegm: and if thou wouldſt have it yet ſtronger, diſtill it again, for every diſtillation wil leave behind one moity of flegm or thereabouts; So ſhalt thou have a moſt pure and ſtrong ſpirit of wine.

A hot Still.

A, Sheweth the bottome which ought to be of Copper.

B, The head.

C, The barrell filled with cold water to refrigerate and condenſate the water and oile that runs through the pipe or worm that is put through it.

D, A pipe of braſs or pewter, or rather a worm of Tin running, through the barrell.

E, The Alembick ſet in the furnace with the fire under it.

How to make Aqua vitae out of beer.

TAke of ſtale ſtrong-beer or rather the grounds thereof, pu it into a Copper Still with a worm, diſtill it gently (or otherwiſe it will make the head of the Still fly up) and there wil come forth a weak ſpirit, which is called low wine: of which when thou haſt a good quantity thou mayeſt diſtill it again of it ſelf, and there will come forth a good Aqua vitae. And if thou diſtilleſt it two or three times more, thou ſhalt have as ſtrong a ſpirit as out of wine, and indeed betwixt which and the ſpirit of wine, thou ſhalt perceive none or very little difference.

How to rectifie ſpirit of Wine or Aqua vitae.

DIſtill it in Balneo untill the laſt drop that comes off be hot, and full of ſpirit.

Note that every time there will remain in the bottome a quantity as weak as water.

Note alſo that every time thou diſtilleſt it, when thou perceiveſt that a very weak water comes over, thou ſhalt then end that diſtillation.

To make the Magiſtery of Wine, which will be one of the greateſt Cordials, and moſt odoriferous Liquor in the world.

TAke good old rich Canary Wine, put it into a glaſs veſſell that it may fill the third part thereof, nip it up and ſet it in a continuall heat of horſe dung for the ſpace of four months: then in froſty weather ſet it forth into the coldeſt place of the air you can, for the ſpace of a month, that it may be congealed: And ſo the cold will drive in the true ſpirit of the wine into the Center thereof, and ſeparate it perfectly from its flegm. That which is congealed caſt away; but that which is not congealed eſteem as the true ſpirit of Wine. Circulate this in a Pelican with a moderate heat for the ſpace of a month, and thou ſhalt have the true magiſtery or ſpirit of Wine, which as it is moſt cordial, ſo alſo moſt balſamicall, exceeding all balſames for the cure of Wounds.

The form of a Pelican.

The mattter muſt be put in at the top which afterwards muſt be cloſed up.

To make another Magiſtery of Wine that a few drops thereof ſhall turn Water into perfect Wine.

TAke of the beſt Canary Wine, as much as you pleaſe, let it ſtand in putrefaction forty dayes, then diſtill it in B[•]lneo, and there will come forth a ſpirit, and at laſt an oil, ſeparate the one from the other, and rectifie the ſpirit. Set the oil again in putrefaction forty dayes, and then diſtill it. The feces that are left after the firſt Diſtillation will yeeld a volatile ſalt, which muſt be extracted without Calcination, with the flegm of the ſpirit, purifie it well, then impregnate the ſalt with its ſpirit, and digeſt them, then adde the oil, and digeſt them together till they become a red powder, which you may uſe as it is, or elſe ſet it in a cellar till it be diſſolved into a liquor, and a few drops thereof will doe as above ſaid.

To make an oil of Wine.

TAke weak ſpirit of Wine, diſtil it in a Veſſel of a long neck, then pour on this ſpirit again upon the flegm, diſtill it again, do this ſeverall times, and you ſhall ſee the oil of the Wine ſwim on the flegm, which flegm you muſt ſeparate from the oil by a tunnell.

If this oil be afterward circulated for a month, it will thereby become moſt odoriferous, and of ſingular vertue, and good, being both very cordiall and balſamicall.

To extract the ſpirit out of Wine by the ſpirit of Wine.

PUt ſpirit of Wine well rectified upon Canary on Rheniſh Wine, ſo cautiouſly that it may not mix with, but ſwim upon the Wine, let them ſtand without ſtirring the ſpace of 48 hours. Then will the ſpirit that is in the Wine riſe up and join it ſelf to the ſpirit that ſwims on the top, which you ſhall perceive by the weakneſs of the flegm, which you muſt let run out at a tap, which muſt be made in the bottome of the veſſell for that purpoſe, and ſo be ſeparated from the ſpirit.

To make a very ſubtill ſpirit of Wine at the firſt diſtilling.

TAke white, or wheaten bread as ſoon as it comes forth of the Oven, break it in the middle, i. e. the upper ſide from the lower ſide, and hang it in a Glaſs veſſell over Canary Wine, but ſo that it touch not the wine; then cover the veſſel and let it ſo ſtand untill the bread ſwell and be ſufficiently impregnated with the Spirit of Wine, which it will attract from the Wine: then take out that bread and put in more, till you have a conſiderable quantity of bread thus moiſtned. Then put this bread into a glaſs body, and diſtill it in Balneo, and you ſhall have a a very ſubtile ſpirit, which you may yet rectifie by Circulation.

By Furnaces and Veſſels made after this enſuing figure, there may be made four Rectifications of any ſpirit at once.

Theſe Veſſels may either ſtand in aſhes, or in Balneo.

The manner of Diſtilling in wooden Veſſels.

A, Signifieth the veſſel wherein the copper veſſell lyeth.

B, The copper veſſel, part of which is in the Furnace, and part in the veſſel of wood.

C, The veſſel of wood wherein the matter muſt be that is diſtilled.

D, The cooling veſſel with the worm.

E, The Receiver.

F, The Trefoot whereon the veſſell ſtandeth.

Note that the greater the Copper veſſell is, and the leſſe the woodden is, the ſooner will the liquor boil.

This Furnace ſhews how to draw forth ſpirits and waters out of vegetables and animals with little coſt and in ſhort time.

A Balneum and a boiling Veſſel made of Wood.

Note that on the right hand, theſe veſſels have a copper veſſel hanging forth which muſt be ſet into a Furnace as is above ſhewed; and on the left hand is a cock or Tap to let out the water.

The veſſell on the left hand is for a Balneum, the holes in the cover thereof are either to ſet in veſſels over the fume of the water, or for the necks of the glaſſes ſet in the Balneo to paſs through

The veſſell on your right hand is to boil water in for any uſe, alſo to brew in.

The Spirit of any Vegetable is made thus.

TAke of what vegetable you pleaſe, two pound, macerate it in ſix Gallons of Aqua vitae or low Wines, or Sack, for the ſpace of 24. hours, then let them be diſtilled by an Alembick, or hot Still, putting to every pound of the ſpirit two ounces of moſt pure ſugar.

Note that the two firſt pints may be called the ſtronger ſpirit, and the reſt the weaker ſpirit, or indeed the water, but if they be both mixed together, they will make an excellent midling ſpirit, for the former hath more of the ſpirit of wine, and the latter more of the vertue and odour of the vegetable.

After this manner may be made the ſpirit of

• Herbs,
• Flowers,
• the Roots of Vegetables
• the Seeds of Vegetables
• Berries,
• Barks,
• Rinds,
• and Spices.

Note that the Hearbs and Flowers muſt be cut ſmall, the reſt bruiſed.

If you would make it ſtronger, then take all the foreſaid ſpirit, and as much more Sack or low Wines, and put them upon the ſame quantity of freſh vegetables and diſtil them; repeat this three or four times if thou pleaſeſt.

Note alſo that the Vegetable muſt be dryed; becauſe elſe the ſpirit will not be ſo good, as if otherwiſe.

The form of an Alembick.

A, Signifies the veſſel which muſt be of Copper, in which the m[••] [•] is contained, and which o[•] [〈◊〉] be ſet over a naked fire.

B, Signifies the belly that is faſtned to the Neck, that the Neck may the more commodiouſly be applyed to the large mouth of the veſſel. But it may be ſo ordered that the mouth of the upper veſſell and lower veſſel may be ſo fitted that they ſhall not need this Belly.

C, The long Neck of the upper veſſel whereby the ſpirit or water paſſing is ſomewhat cooled.

D, The head.

E, The veſſel that compaſſeth the head, into which cold water is centinually poured after the heating.

F, The long receiver.

G, The top or Cock letting out the water when it is hot.

The Spirit of any vegetable may ſuddenly, at any time of the year be made thus.

Take of what Hearb, Flower, Seeds, or Roots you pleaſe. Fil the head of the Stil therewith, then cover the mouth thereof with a courſe Canvas, and ſet it on the Stil, having firſt put into it ſack, or low Wines. Then give it fire.

If at any time thou wouldſt have the ſpirt be of the colour of its vegetable, then put of the flowers thereof dryed a good quantity in the noſe of the Still.

To make any vegetable yeeld its ſpirit quickly.

Take of what vegetables you pleaſe, whether it be the ſeed flower, root, fruit, or leaves thereof, cut or bruiſe them ſmall, then put them into warm water, put yeſt or balm to them, and cover them warm, and let them work three days as doth Beer, then diſtill them and they will yeeld their ſpirit eaſily.

To reduce the whole [〈◊〉] into a liquor which may wel be called the Eſſence thereof.

Take the whole Hearb with flowers, and roots, make it very clean: then bruiſe it in a ſtone Morter, put it into a large glaſs veſſel, ſo that two parts of three may be empty: then cover it exceeding cloſe, and let it ſtand in putrefaction in a moderate heat the ſpace of half a year, and it will be all turned into a water.

To make an Eſſence of any Hearb, which being put into a glaſs, and held over a gentle fire, the lively form and Idea of the Hearb wil appear in the Glaſs.

Take the foregoing water and diſtill it in a gourd glaſs (the joints being well cloſed) in aſhes, and there will come forth a Water and an Oil, and in the upper part of the veſſel wil hang a volatile ſalt. The oil ſeparate from the water, and keep by it ſelf; with the water purifie the volatile ſalt by diſſolving, filtring, and coagulating. The ſalt being thus purified imbibe with the ſaid oil, untill it will imbibe no more, digeſt them wel together for a month in a veſſell hermetically ſealed. And by this means you ſhall have a moſt ſubtill eſſence, which being held over a gentle heat will fly up into the glaſs, and repreſent the perfect Idea of that vegetable whereof it is the eſſence.

The true Eſſence or rather Quinteſſence of any Hearb is made thus.

When thou haſt made the water and oil of any vegetable, firſt calcine, i. e. burn to aſhes the remainder of the Hearb, with the aſhes make a Lye by pouring its own water thereon; when thou haſt drawn out all the ſtrength of the aſhes, then take [〈◊〉] the Lye, being firſt filtred; and vapour it away, and at the bottome thou ſhalt find a black ſalt: which thou muſt take and put into a Crucible and melt it in a ſtrong fire (covering the Crucible all the time it is melting) after it is melted let it boil half an hour or more, then take it out: and beat it ſmall, and ſet it in a cellar on a Marble ſtone or in a broad glaſs, and it wil all be reſolved into a Liquor; this Liquor filter, and vapour away the humidity till it be very dry, and as white as ſnow. Then let this ſalt imbibe as much of the oil of the ſame vegetable as it can, but no more leſt thou labour in vain. Then digeſt them together till the oil will not riſe from the Salt, but both become a fixed powder, melting with an eaſie heat.

To extract the Quinteſſence of all Vegetables.

Take of what ſpices flowers, ſeeds, hearbs, woods you pleaſe, put them into rectified ſpirit of Wine; let the ſpirit extract in digeſtion till no more feces fal to the bottome, but all their eſſence is gone into the ſpirit of Wine, upon which being thus impregnated pour a ſtrong ſpirit of ſalt and digeſt it in Balneo, till an oil ſwim above, which ſeparate with a Tunnell, or draw off the ſpirit of Wine in Balneo and the oil will remain clear at the bottom, but before the ſpirit of Wine is abſtracted, the oil is bloud red, and a true Quinteſſence.

An excellent Eſſence of any Vegetable may be made thus.

Take of the diſtilled oil of any vegetable, with it imbibe the beſt Manna being very well depurated, untill it will imbibe no more, then digeſt them a month, and thou ſhalt have the true balſome and excellent Eſſence of any vegetable.

This hath the vertues of the vegetable whereof it was made, but in a more eminent manner.

The depuration of Manna for this uſe is a great ſecret.

Water or Spirit of Manna, is made thus.

Take of the beſt Manna one part, of Nitre two parts, put them into an Ox bladder, and tying it cloſe, put it into warm water to be diſſolved. Diſtill this water in an Alembick, and there will come forth an inſipid water, ſudorificall and laxative.

The Chimicall Oil of the Hearb or Flower of any Vegetable is made thus.

Take of the Hearb or Flower dryed one pound, of Spring water twenty four pints, diſtill them in a great Alembick, with its cooler or Gopper Stil, with a worm paſſing through a veſſel of cold water. Let the oil that is drawn with the water be ſeparated with a Tunnell or ſeparating glaſs, and let the water that is ſeparated be kept for a new Diſtillation.

Note that if this water be uſed two or three times in the drawing of the oil, it will be an excellent water of that vegetable from which it is diſtilled, and as good as moſt that ſhal be drawn any other way.

After the ſame manner are made oil of the dry rinds of

• Orenges,
• Citrons,
• Lemons,

But note that theſe Rinds muſt be freſh, and (the inward whiteneſs being ſeparated) be bruiſed.

The Oil commonly called the ſpirit of Roſes.

Take of Damask or Red Roſes, being freſh, as many as you pleaſe, infuſe them in as much warm water as is ſufficient for the ſpace of twenty four hours. Then ſtrain and preſs them, and repeat the infuſion ſeverall times with preſſing, untill the liquor become fully impregnated, which then muſt be diſtilled in an Alembick with a refrigeratory or Copper Still with a worm; let the ſpirit which ſwims on the water be ſeparated, and the water kept for a new inf[•]ſion.

This kind of ſpirit may be made by bruiſing the Roſes with Salt, or laying a lane of Roſes and another of Salt, and ſo keeping them half a year or more, which then muſt be diſtilled in as much common water, or Roſe water as is ſufficient.

Oils are made out of ſeeds thus.

Take of what ſeeds you pleaſe, bruiſed, two pound, of ſpring water twenty pints, let them be macerated for the ſpace of 24. hours, and then be diſtilled in a copper Still with a worm, or Alembick with its refrigerating. The oil extracted with the water, being ſeparated with a tunnell, keep the water for a new Diſtillation.

This Water after three or four diſtillations is a very excellent water, and better then is drawn any way out of that vegetable whereof theſe are ſeeds; I mean for vertue, though not always for ſmell.

After the ſame manner are made oils out of ſpices, and aromaticall woods.

Oils are made out of Berries thus.

Take of what Berries you pleaſe, being freſh 25. pound, bruiſe them and put them into a wooden veſſell with 12 pints of ſpring water, and a pound of the ſtrongeſt leaven; let them be put in a cellar (the veſſel being cloſe ſtopped) for the ſpace of three months, then let them be diſtilled in an Alembick, or copper Still with their refrigeratory, with as much ſpring water as is ſufficient. After the ſeparation of the oil, let the water be kept for a new diſtillation. Note that the water being uſed in two or three Diſtillations is a very excellent water, and full of the vertue of the Berries.

Oil is made out of any ſolid Wood thus.

Take of what Wood you pleaſe, made into groſs powder, as much as you will, let it be put into a Retort, and diſtilled in ſand. The oil which firſt diſtils, as being the thinner and ſweeter, muſt be kept apart; which with rectifying with much water may yet be made more pleaſant; the acid water or ſpirit, which in diſtilling comes firſt forth, being ſeparated; which alſo (being rectified from the flegm with the heat of a Balneum) may be kept for uſe, being full of the vertue of the wood.

After the ſame manner are made the oil and ſpirit of Tartar; but thus much note, that both are more pure and pleaſant being made out of the Cryſtals, then out of the crude Tartar.

To make a moſt excellent oil out of any Wood or Gummes in a ſhort time, without much coſt.

Take of what Wood you pleaſe, or Gumme bruiſed ſmall, put it into a veſſel fit for it, then pour on ſo much of ſpirit of ſalt as will cover your matter, then ſet it in ſand with an Alembick, make the ſpirit boil, ſo all the oil flyeth over with a little flegm, for the ſpirit of ſalt by its ſharpneſſe freeth the oil, ſo that it flyeth over very eaſily.

The ſpirit of ſalt being rectified may ſerve again.

To make vegetables yeeld their oil eaſily.

Diſtill them being firſt bruiſed, in ſalt water, for ſalt freeth the oil from its body: Let them firſt be macerated three or four days in the ſaid water.

Oil or Spirit of Turpentine is made thus.

Take of Venice Turpentine, as much as you pleaſe, of ſpring water four times as much, let them be put into an Alembick, or copper Still with its refrigeratory, then put fire under it: ſo there will diſtil a thin white oil like water, and in the bottom of the veſſel wil remain a hard gum called Colophonia, which is called boiled Turpentine: That white oil may be better and freer from the ſmell of the fire if it be drawn in Balneo, with a gourd, and glaſs head.

Common oil Olive may be diſtilled after this manner, and be made very pleaſant and ſweet, alſo moſt unctious things, as Sperma ceti.

Oil of Gums, Refines, fat and oily things, may be drawn thus.

Take of either of theſe which you pleaſe, being melted, a pound, mix it with three pound of the powder of tiles, or unſlaked lime; put them into a Retort, and extract an oil, which with plenty of water may be rectified.

Note that the water from whence the oil is ſeparated, is of excellent vertue; according to the nature of the matter from whence it is drawn.

Oil of Camphire is made thus.

Take of Camphire ſliced thin, as much as you pleaſe, put it into a double quantity of Aqua fortis or ſpirit of Wine, let the glaſſe having a narrow neck, be ſet by the fire, or on ſand or aſhes the ſpace of five or ſix hours, ſhaking the glaſſe every half hour, and the Camphire will all be diſſolved and ſwim on the Aqua fortis, or ſpirit of Wine like an oil.

Note that if you ſeparate it, it will all be hard ag[•]in preſently, but not otherwiſe.

Another way to make Oile of Camphire, that it ſhall not be reduced again.

Take of Camphire powdered, as much as you pleaſe, put it into a glaſs like a Urinal, put upon it another Urinal-glaſs inverted, the joints being cloſe ſhut ſublime it in aſhes, inverting thoſe Urinals ſo often till the Camphire be turned into an oil, then circulate it for the ſpace of a month, and it wil be ſo ſubtle that it will all preſently vapour away in the air, if the glaſs be open.

Another way to make oil of Camphire.

Take two ounces of Camphire, diſſolve it in four ounces or pure oil olive, then put them into four pints of fair water, diſti[•] them all together in a glaſs gourd, either in aſhes or Balneo, and there will diſtil both water and oil, which ſeparate and keep by it ſelf.

All theſe kinds of oil of Camphire are very good againſt putrefaction, fits of the Mother, paſſions of the heart, &c. A few drops thereof may be taken in any liquor, or the breſt be anointed therewith: Alſo the fume thereof may be taken in at the mouth.

A true Oil of Sugar.

Take of the beſt white Sugar-candie, imbibe it with the beſt ſpirit of Wine ten times, after every time drying it again, then hang it in a white ſilken bag in a moiſt cellar over a glaſs veſſell that it may diſſolve, and drop into it. Evaporate the water in Balneo, and in the bottome will the oil remain.

This is very excellent in all diſtempers of the Lungs.

Oil of Amber is made thus.

Take of yellow Amber one part, of the powder of flints calcined, or the powder of tiles two parts; mingle them, and put them into a Retort, and diſtill them in ſand; The oil which is white, and clear, which firſt diſtilled off, keep by it ſelf, continuing the Diſtillation as long as any oyl diſtils off, then let both oyls be rectified apart in a good quantity of water.

The ſalt of Amber, which adheres to the neck of the Retort within ſide, being gathered let be purified by ſolution, filtration, and coagulation according to art, and be kept for uſe.

After this manner may be made Oyls out of any gums which may be powdered.

Oyl of Myrrhe is made thus.

Take of Myrrhe bruiſed, of Bay-ſalt, of each ſix pound, let them be diſſolved in ſixty pints of ſpring water and be diſtilled in an Alembick, or Copper Still according to Art.

Oyl of Myrrhe per deliquium, or by diſſolution, is made thus.

Take Hen-egs boiled hard, and cut in the middle length-ways, take out the yelks, then fill up the hollow half way with powder of Myrrhe, and join the parts together again binding them with a thread, and ſo ſet them upon a grate betwixt two platters in a cold moiſt place, ſo the liquor of the Myrrhe diſſolved will diſtill into the lower platter.

Oil of Tartar per deliquium, i. e. by diſſolution.

Take of the beſt Tartar calcined white according to Art, put it into a cotten bag, hang it in the cellar or ſome moiſt place, putting under a Receiver.

Oyls by Expreſſion are made thus.

Take of what things you pleaſe, ſuch as will afford an oyl by expreſſion, bruiſe them, then put them into a bag, and preſs them ſtrongly, putting a veſſel under to receive the oyl.

Note that they muſt ſtand in the Preſs ſome hours, becauſe the oyl drops by little and little.

Note alſo that if you warm them before you put them into the Preſs they will yeeld more oyl, but then it will not keep good ſo long as otherwiſe.

After this manner are made oyls of

• Nutmegs,
• Mace,
• Almonds,
• Linſeed,
• and ſuch like.

A vomiting and purging Oil made by expreſſion.

Take of the Berries of Ebulus or Dwarfe Elder, as many as you pleaſe, let them be dryed but not over-much, then bruiſe them, and in bruiſing them moiſten them with the beſt ſpirit of Wine, untill they begin to be oily; then warm them by the fire, and preſs forth the oil, and ſet it in the ſun to be purified.

Ten drops of this oil taken inwardly worketh upward and downward, and is very good againſt the dropſie, and all wateriſh diſeaſes.

The belly being therewith anointed, is made thereby ſoluble.

Any part that is much pained with the gout or any ſuch grief, is preſently eaſed by being anointed with this oil.

Oil of Jaſmine is made thus.

Take of flowers of Jaſmine, as many as you pleaſe, put them into as much ſweet mature oil as you pleaſe, put them into a glaſs cloſe ſtopt, and ſet them into the Sun to be infuſed for the ſpace of twenty dayes, then take them out and ſtrain the oil from the flowers: and if thou wouldſt have the oil yet ſtronger, put in new flowers and do as before.

This is a pleaſant perfume, and being mixt with oils and ointments, gives them a gratefull ſmell: It is alſo uſed in the perfuming of Leather.

After this manner may be made oil of any flowers, but becauſe I ſhall keep my ſelf to the Art of Diſtillation only, I ſhal not ſo far digreſs as to ſpeak of theſe kinds of oils: only I thought good to ſet down the oil of Jaſmine becauſe by reaſon of its fragrancy it hath ſome analogie with Chymicall oils that are made by Diſtillation.

To make any Oil or Water per deſcenſum.

Take an earthen gourd, fill it full with wood or hearbs, or what you pleaſe, being cut ſmall, then invert it, i e. turn it upſide down, and ſet it in the furnace, lute it well thereunto, then ſet another gourd of earth under it with a wider mouth that the uppermoſt may goe into it, before you put the one into the other, you muſt have a little veſſell or inſtrument of Tin with brims round about on the top, by which it muſt hang into the lower gourd, the body thereof being 2 or 3 inches deep, and full of holes, that the oyl or water may drop through, and not the vegetable it ſelf. Into this Inſtrument being firſt ſet into the lower gourd, put the mouth of the upper gourd, then make thy fire on the top, and keep it burning as long as any liquor will drop.

Ths Figure of this furnace is thus.

A, Signifies the gourd containing the matter to be diſtilled.

B, The Furnace containing the Coals, ſo that they ſurround the upper gourd.

C, The lower gourd or recipient ſet upon ſtraw-rings.

D, The veſſell of Tin with holes and brims, which muſt be ſet in the Recipient.

How to make an Oyl and Water out of Soot.

This may be diſtilled per deſcenſum, or by retort, as thus, viz. Take of the beſt Soot (which ſhines like Jet) fill with it a glaſs Retort coated, or earthen Retort to the neck, diſtil it with a ſtrong fire by degrees into a large Receiver, and there will come forth a yellowiſh ſpirit with a black oyl, which thou mayeſt ſeparate and digeſt.

How to rectifie Spirits.

You muſt ſet them in the Sun in glaſſes well ſtopped, and half filled, being ſet in ſand to the third part of their eight that the water waxing hot by the heat of the Sun may ſeparate it ſelf from the flegm mixed therewith, which will be performed in in twelve or fifteen days. There is another better way to doe this, which is to diſtill them again in Balneo with a gentle fire, or if you wil put them into a retort furniſhed with its receiver, and ſet them upon cryſtal or iron bowls, or in an iron mortar directly oppoſite to the beams of the Sun, as you may learn by theſe enſuing ſigns.

Retort with its Receiver ſtanding upon Cryſtal bowls juſt oppoſite to the Sun beams.

Another Retort with its Receiver ſtanding in a Marble or Iron mortar, directly oppoſite to the Sun.

A, Shews the Retort.

B, The Receiver.

C, The Cryſtal-Bowls.

A, Shews the Retort.

B, The Marble or Iron Mortar.

C, The Receiver.

How to rectifie all ſtinking, thick black Oils that are made by a Retort, and to take away their ſtink.

Take oyl of Amber, or any ſuch ſtinking oil, put it into a glaſs Retort, the fourth part only being full, pour on it drop by drop the ſpirit of Salt, (or any other acid ſpirit) and they will boil together; and when ſo much of the ſpirit is poured on that it boileth no more, then ceaſe and diſtill it. Firſt cometh over a ſtinking water, then a clear white well ſmelling oyl, and after that a yellow oyl which is indifferent good: but the ſpirit of Salt hath loſt its ſharpneſs: the volatile ſalt of the oyl remaineth coagulated with the ſpirit of Salt, and is black, and taſteth like ſalt Armoniack, and hath no ſmell being ſublimed from it. Now the reaſon of all this is, becauſe the volatile ſalt of the oyl which is the ca[•]ſe of the ſtink thereof, is fixed by the acid ſpirit of the Salt: for acid Spirits, and volatile Salts, are contrary the one to the other; and ſpirit of Urine or any volatile Salt, will precipitate any metall as well as ſalt of Tartar.

Theſe oyls will remain clear, and have far more vertue, then the ordinary ſort of oyls have.

As for common ordinary diſtilled oyls, they need not, if they be well ſeparated from the water with which they were diſtilled, any rectifying at all: and if you goe about to rectifie them, you will loſe good part of them, and make that which remains not at all the better. But if there be any better then another for rectifying of them it is by digeſtion, by which means there will be a ſeparation of what is flegmatick which you may ſeparate afterwards, and by this means you ſhall loſe none of the oyls.

Of Compound Waters and Spirits. BOOK II.

A Diſſolving Menſtruum.

TAke Cyprus, Turpentine, and the beſt ſpirit of wine, of each two pound, diſtill them in a glaſs gourd either in Balneo or Aſhes. Separate the oil from the ſpirit with a tunnel or ſeparating glaſs, diſtill the ſpirit agaim, and ſo often untill it favour no more of the oyl of Turpentine, and then it is ſufficiently prepared.

This Menſtruum diſſolves any hard ſtones preſently, and extracts the tincture of Corall.

A Glaſs Gourd with its head.

Another diſſolving Menſtruum or acetum Philoſophicum.

Take Honey, Salt melted, of each a pound, of the ſtrongeſt ſpirit of Vineger two pound; digeſt them for the ſpace of a fortnight, or more, then diſtill them in aſhes, Cohobate the Liquor upon the feces three or four times, then rectifie the ſpirit.

Note that they muſt be done in a large glaſs Gourd.

This is of the ſame vertue as the former, if not more powerfull.

Another diſſolving Menſtruum.

Take of the beſt rectified Spirit of Wine, with which imbibe the ſtrongeſt unſlaked lime, until they be made into a paſte; then put them into a glaſs gourd and diſtill off the ſpirit in aſhes: This ſpirit pour on more freſh Lime, and doe as before, do this three or four times, and thou ſhalt have a very ſubtile ſpirit able to diſſolve moſt things, and to extract the vertue out of them.

Paracelſus his Elixir Subtilitatis.

Take oil Olive, Honey, rectified ſpirit of Wine, of each a pint, diſtill them all together in aſhes, then ſeparate all the flegm from the oyls, which will be diſtinguiſhed by many colours, put all theſe colours into a Pelican, and adde to them the third part of the Eſſence of Balm, and Sallendine, digeſt them for the ſpace of a month. Then keep it for uſe.

This Liquor is ſo ſubtile that it penetrateth every thing.

Ʋſque-bath, or Iriſh Aqua vitae, is made thus.

Take a Gallon of ſmal Aqua vitae, put it into a glaſs veſſel; put thereto a quart of Canary ſack, two pound of Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, but not waſhed, two ounces of Dates ſtoned, and the white skins thereof pulled out, two ounces of Cinnamon groſſely bruiſed, four good Nutmegs bruiſed, an ounce of the beſt Engliſh Licoriſh ſliced, and bruiſed, ſtop the veſſels very cloſe, and let them infuſe in a cold place ſix or eight days, then let the Liquor run through a bag called Manica Hippoeratis, made of white cotton.

This Liquor is commonly uſed in ſurfets, being a good Stomach water.

Aqua Celeſtis is made thus.

Take of

• Cinamon
• Cloves
• Nutmegs
• Ginger
• Zedoary
• Galingall
• Long-pepper
• Citron-pill
• Spicknard
• Lignum-aloes
• Cububs
• Cardamums
• Calamus aromaticus
• Germander
• Ground-pine
• Mace
• White Frankincenſe
• Tormentill
• Hermodactyls
• the pith of Dwarf Elder
• Juniper Berries
• Bay Berries
• the ſeeds and flowers of Motherwort
• the ſeeds of Smallage
  • Fennell
  • Anniſe
• the leaves of Sorrell
  • Sage
  • Felwort
• Roſemary
• Marjoram
• Mints
• Penny-royall
• Stechados
• the flowers of Elder
  • Roſes red
    • white
• of the leaves of Scabious
• Rue
• the leſſer Moonwort
• Egrimonie
• Centory
• Fumitary
• Pimpernell
• Sowthiſtle
• Eye-bright
• Maiden-hair
• Endive
• Red Saunders
• Aloes, of each two ounces
• Pure Amber
• the beſt Rhubarb, of each two Drams.
• dryed Figs
• Raiſins of the Sun
• Dates, ſtoned
• Sweet-Almonds
• Grains of the Pine, of each an ounce.

Of the beſt Aqua vitae to the quantity of them all, of the beſt hard Sugar a pound, of white Honey half a pound, then adde

• the root of Gentian
• flowers of Roſemary
• Pepper-wort,
• the root of Briony
• Sowbread
• Wormwood, of each half an ounce.

Now before theſe are diſtilled, quench gold being made red hot oftentimes in the foreſaid water, put therein oriental Pearls beaten ſmall an ounce, and then diſtil it after 24 hours infuſion.

This is a very Cordiall water, good againſt faintings and infection.

Aqua imperialis is made thus.

• Take of the rind of Citrons dryed
• Take of the rind of Oranges. dryed
• Nutmeg
• Cloves
• Cinnamon, of each two ounces.
• the roots of Flower-de-luce
• Cyprus
• Calamus aromaticus
• Zedoary
• Galingall
• Ginger, of each half a pound.
• of the tops of Lavender
• Roſemary, of each two handfull,
• the leaves of the Bay-tree
• Marjoram
• Balm
• Mints
• Sage
• Thyme
• flower of Roſes white
• Damask, of each half a handfull
• Roſe-water four pints
• the beſt White-wine a gallon.

Bruiſe what muſt be bruiſed, then infuſe them all 24▪ hours, after which diſtill them.

This is of the ſame vertue as the former.

Aqua Mirabilis is made thus.

• Take of Cloves
• Galingall
• Cubebs
• Mace
• Cardamums
• Nutmegs
• Ginger of each a dram
• the juice of Salendine half a pint
• Spirit of Wine a pint
• White-wine three pints.

Infuſe all theſe 24 hours, and then diſtill off two pints by an Alembick.

This water is very good againſt wind in the ſtomach and head.

Dr. Stephens water is made thus.

Take a Gallon of

• Gaſcoign Wine
• Ginger
• Galingale
• Cinnamon
• Nutmegs
• Grains
• Anniſeeds
• Fennell ſeeds
• Carroway ſeeds, of each a dram.
• Sage
• Red Mints
• Red Roſes
• Thyme
• Pellitory
• Roſemary
• Wild Thyme
• Camomil
• Lavender, of each a handfull.

Beat the ſpices ſmall and bruife the Hearbs, letting them macerate twelve hours ſtirring them now and then, diſtill them by an Alembick or copper Still with its refrigeratory, keep the firſt pint by it ſelf, and the ſecond by it ſelf.

Note that the firſt pint will be the hotter, but the ſecond the ſtronger of the ingredients.

This water is well known to comfort all the principal parts.

A famous Surfet Water.

Take of red Poppie cakes (after the water hath been diſtilled from them in a cold Stil) not over dryed two pound, pour upon them of the water of red Poppie a gallon and [〈◊〉], Canary wine three pints; adde to them of Coriander ſeeds bruiſed four ounces, of Dill ſeed bruiſed two ounces, of cloves bruiſed half an ounce, of Nutmegs ſliced an ounce, of Roſemary a handful, three Orenges cut in the middle, diſtill them in a hot Still; to the water put the juice of ſix Orenges, and hang in it half an ounce of Nutmegs ſliced, and as much Cinamon bruiſed, two drams of cloves, a handfull of Roſemary cut ſmall, ſweet Fennell ſeeds bruiſed an ounce, of Raiſins in the Sun ſtoned, half a pound, being all put into a bag which may be hanged in the Water (the veſſell being cloſe ſtopt) the ſpace of a month, and then be taken out, and caſt away, the Liquor thereof being firſt preſſed out into the foreſaid Water.

This Water is of wonderfull vertue in Surfets and Pleuriſies, compoſeth the Spirits, cauſeth reſt, helpeth digeſtion if two or three or four ounces thereof be drunk, and the patient compoſe himſelf to reſt.

A Pectorall Water.

Diſtill green hyſop in a cold Still till you have a gallon and half of the Water, to this put four handfull of dryed Hyſop, a handfull of Rue, as much of Roſemary, and Hore-hound, Elecampanie-root bruiſed, and of Horſe-radiſh root bruiſed, of each four ounces, of Tobacco in the leaf three ounces, Anniſeed bruiſed two ounces, two[•]quarts of Canary wine, let them all ſtand in digeſtion two days, then diſtill them, and in the water that is diſtilled put half a pound of Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, of Licoriſh two ounces, ſweet Fennel ſeeds bruiſed two ounces and a half, Ginger ſliced an ounce and a half, and let them be infuſed in Frigido the ſpace of ten days, then take them out.

This water ſweetned with Sugar-candie and drunk to the quantity of three or four ounces twice in a day, is very good for thoſe that are ptificall, it ſtrengtheneth the Lungs, attenuates thick flegm, opens obſtructions, and is very good to comfort the ſtomach.

A very excellent water againſt the worms.

Take of Wormſeed bruiſed eight ounces, the ſhavings of Harts horne two ounces, of Peach flowers dryed an ounce, of Aloes bruiſed half an ounce, pour on theſe the water of Tanſie, Rue, Peach flowers, and of Wormwood of each a pint and half, let them being put into a glaſs veſſell, be digeſted the ſpace of three dayes, then diſtill them; cohobate this water three times.

This water is very excellent againſt the worms; it may be given from half an ounce to three ounces, according to the age of the patient.

A Water againſt the Convulſions.

Take of Ros vitrioli (which is that water that is diſtilled from Vitriall in the calcining thereof) two quarts, in this put of Rue a handfull, of Juniper berries bruiſed an ounce, of Bay berries bruiſed half an ounce, Piony berries bruiſed ſix drams, Camphire two drams, Rhubarb ſliced an ounce; digeſt theſe four days in a temperate Balneo, then diſtill them in a glaſs veſſel in aſhes, and there will come over a water of no ſmall vertue.

It cures convulſions in children eſpecially, it helps alſo the Vertigo, the Hyſtericall paſſion, and Epilepſie, it is very excellent againſt all offenſive vapours and wind that annoys the head and ſtomach.

It may be taken from two drams to two ounces.

An Hydropicall water.

Take of Wormwood, Broom bloſſomes, of each a like quantity, bruiſe them, and mix with them ſome leaven, and let them ſtand in fermentation in a cold place the ſpace of a week, then diſtill them in a cold Still till they be very dry: Take a gallon of this water, and half a gallon of the Spirit of Urine, pour them upon two pound of dryed Broom bloſſoms, half a pound of Horſe Radiſh roots dryed, three ounces of the beſt Rhubarb ſliced, two ounces of ſweet Fennell ſeed bruiſed, and an ounce and an half of Nutmegs: let them digeſt a week being put into a glaſs veſſell, in a temperate Balneo; then preſs the Liquor hard from the feces, put this Liquor in the ſaid veſſell again, and to it put three ounces of ſweet Fennel ſeeds bruiſed, Licoriſh ſliced two ounces, digeſt them in a gentle heat the ſpace of a week, then pour it off from the feces, and keep it cloſe ſtopt.

This water being drank from the quantity of an ounce to four ounces every morning, and at four of the clock in the afternoon, doth ſeldome fail in curing the dropſie; it ſtrengtheneth alſo the Liver, is very good againſt gravel in the back, ſtone, cures the Scurvy, Gout, and ſuch diſeaſes as proceed from the weakneſs and obſtructions of the Liver.

A Water againſt the Colick.

• Take of
  • Aniſeed three ounces.
  • Cummin ſeed three drams.
  • Cinnamon half an ounce.
  • Mace.
  • Cloves.
  • Nutmeg, of each a dram.
  • Galingall, three drams.
  • Calamus Aromaticus dryed, half an ounce.
  • The dryed rind of Orenges, two ounces.
  • Bay berries, half an ounce.

Let all theſe being bruiſed, be macerated in ſix pints of Mallago wine 48 hours, then be diſtilled in Balneo till all be dry.

This water being dranke to the quantity of an ounce or two at a time doth eaſe the gripings of the belly and ſtomach, very much.

A Water againſt the Vertigo, and Convulſions.

Take of black cherries bruiſed with their kernels, a gallon, of the flowers of Lavander three handful, half an ounce of white Muſtard ſeed bruiſed, mix theſe together, then put ſome ferment to them and let them ſtand cloſe covered the ſpace of a week, then diſtill them in Balneo till all be dry.

This water being dranke to the quantity of an ounce or two or three, doth much relieve the weakneſſe of the head and helps the Vertigo thereof, as alſo ſtrengthen the ſinews and expell windineſs out of the head and ſtomach.

A compound Water of Burre root cauſing ſweat.

Take the root of the great Burre, freſh,

• Swallow wort,
• freſh,

The middle rind of the root of the Aſh tree, of each two pound; cut them ſmall, and infuſe them 24 hours in the beſt White wine and Rue vinegar, of each five pints, then diſtill them in Balneo til all be dry, put to the water as much of the Spirit of Sulphur per Campanam, as wil give it a pleaſant acidity, and to every pint of the water put a ſcruple and a half of Camphire cut ſmall, and tyed up in a bag, which may continually hang in the water.

This was a famous water in Germany againſt the plague, peſtilence and Epidemical diſeaſes: it cauſeth ſweat wonderfully if two or three ounces thereof be drank and the patient compoſe himſelf to ſweat.

Another excellent Sudorifick and plague water.

• Take of
  • the beſt ſpirit of Wine a gallon,
  • Andromachus treacle, ſix ounces,
  • Myrrhe two ounces,
  • The roots of Colts-foot, three ounces,
  • Sperma Cett,
  • Terra Sigillata, of each half an ounce,
  • The root of ſwallow wort, an ounce,
  • Dittany, Pimpernel,
  • Valerian root, of each two drams,
  • Camphire, a dram.

Mix all theſe together in a glaſs veſſell, and let them ſtand cloſe ſtopt the ſpace of eight dayes in the Sun.

Let the Patient drink of this a ſpoonful or two and compoſe himſelf to ſweat.

Dr. Burges his plague water.

Take three pints of Muſcadine, and boil in it Sage, and Rue of each a handfull till a pint be waſted, then ſtrain it and ſet it over the fire again, put therto a dram of long Pepper, Ginger and Nutmeg of each half an ounce being all bruiſed together: then boil them a little, and put thereto half an ounce of Andromachus treacle, and three drams of Mithridate, and a quarter of a pint of the beſt Angelica water.

This water (which, as ſaith the Author, muſt be kept as your life, and above all earthly treaſure) muſt be taken to the quantity of a ſpoonful or two morning and evening if you be already infected, and ſweat thereupon: if you be not infected, a ſpoonful is ſufficient, half in the morning and half at night; all the plague time under God (ſaith the Author) truſt to this, for there was never man, woman, or child that failed of their expectation in taking of it: This is alſo of the ſame efficacy not only againſt the plague, but pox, meaſles, ſurfets, &c.

Crollius his Treacle water Camphorated.

• Take of
  • Andromachus his Treacle, five ounces,
  • The beſt Myrrhe, two ounces, and half,
  • The beſt Saffron half an ounce,
  • Camphire two drams.

Mix them together, then pour upon them ten ounces of the beſt ſpirit of wine, and let them ſtand 24 hours in a warm place, then diſtill them in Balneo with a graduall fire, cohobate the ſpirit three times.

This ſpirit cauſeth ſweat wonderfully, and reſiſts all manner of infection.

It may be taken from a dram to an ounce in ſome appropriate Liquor.

A diſtilled Treakle Vinegar.

• Take of
  • the roots of
    • Biſtort
    • Gentian
    • Angelica
    • Tormentill
      • of each ten drams.
  • Pimpernell—
  • Bay berries
  • Juniper berries
  • of each an ounce.
  • Nutmeg, five drams
  • The ſhavings of Saſſafras, two ounces,
  • Zedoary half a dram,
  • White Sanders, three drams,
  • The leaves of
    • Rue
    • Wormwood
    • Scordium
      • of each half a handfull,
  • The flowers of
    • Wall-flower
    • Bugloſſe
      • of each a handful and half,
  • Andromachus Treacle
  • Mithridate
    • of each ſix drams,

Infuſe them all in three pints of the beſt White wine vinegar the ſpace of eight dayes in Frigido in glaſs veſſels; then diſtill them in Balneo.

This Spirit is very good to prevent them that are free from infection, and thoſe that are already infected, from the danger thereof, if two or three ſpoonful thereof be taken once in a day, with ſweating after, for thoſe that are infected, but without ſweating for others.

An excellent water againſt the Stone in the Kidneys.

Take of the middle rind of the root of Aſh bruiſed, two pound.

Juniper berries bruiſed, three pound.

Venice turpentine that is very pure, 2 pound and a half Put theſe into twelve pints of ſpring water in a glaſs veſſell well cloſed, and there let them putrifie in horſe dung for the ſpace of three months, then diſtill them in aſhes, and there will come forth an oil and a water, ſeparate the one from the other.

Ten or twelve drops of this oil being taken every morning in four or ſix ſpoonfuls of the ſaid water diſſolves the gravell and ſtone in the kidneys, moſt wonderfully.

Another water for the ſame uſe.

Take the juice of Radiſh, Lemmons, of each a pound and half: Waters of Betony, Tanſey, Saxifrage, and Vervin, of each a pint. Hydromell, and Malmſey, of each two pound. In theſe Liquors mixed together, infuſe for the ſpace of four or five days in a gentle Balneo, Juniper berries ripe and newly gathered being bruiſed, three ounces: the ſeed of Gromel, Bur-dock, Radiſh, Saxifrage, Nettles, Onions, Aniſe, and Fennell, of each an ounce and half, the four cold ſeeds, the ſeed of great Mallows, of each ſix drams, the Calx of Eg-ſhels, Cinnamon, of each three drams, of Camphire two drams; let all be well ſtrained and diſtilled in aſhes.

Two ounces of this water taken every morning, doth wonderfully cleanſe the Kidneys, provoke Urine, and expell the Stone, eſpecially if you calcine the feces and extract the Salt thereof with the ſaid Water.

To make an excellent Wound water.

Take Plantain, Rib-wort, Bone-wort, wild Angelica, Red-mints, Betony, Egrimony, Sanacle, Blew-bottles, White-bottles, Scabius, Dandelion, Avens, Honey-ſuckle leaves, Bramble buds, Hawthorn buds and leaves; Mugwort, Daſie roots, leaves, and flowers; Wormwood, Southernwood, of each one handfull: Boil all theſe in a pottle of White wine, and as much Spring water, till one half be waſted; and when it is thus boiled, ſtrain it from the hearbs, and put to it half a pound of hony, and let it boil a little after: then put it into bottles, and keep it for your uſe.

Note that theſe hearbs muſt be gathered in May only, but you may keep them dry, and make your water at any time.

This water is very famous in many Counties, and it hath done ſuch cures in curing outward and inward Wounds, Impoſthumes, and Ulcers, that you would ſcarce beleeve it, if I ſhould recite them to you: alſo it is very good to heal a ſore mouth.

The Patient muſt take three or four ſpoonfuls thereof morning and evening, and in a ſhort time he ſhall finde eaſe and indeed a cure, unleſs he be ſo farre declined as nothing almoſt can recover him.

If the wound be outward it muſt be waſhed therewith, and linnen cloths wet in the ſame be applyed thereto.

Dr. Matthias his Palſie water is made thus.

Take of Lavender flowers a gallon; pour upon them of the beſt ſpirit of wine three gallons: the veſſell being cloſe ſtopped let them be macerated together in the Sun for the ſpace of ſix days, then diſtill them in an Alembick with its refrigeratory, then take the flowers of

• Sage
• Roſemary
• Betony
  • of each a handfull.
• Borage
• Bugloſs
• Lillie of the valley
• Cowſlips
  • of each two handfuls,

Let all the flowers be freſh and ſeaſonably gathered, and macerated in a gallon of the beſt ſpirits of Wine, and mixed with the aforeſaid ſpirit of Lavender, adding then

• the leaves of
  • Balm
  • Motherwort
  • Orange tree
    • newly gathered
• the flowers of
  • Stechados
  • Oranges
  • Bay berries
    • of each an ounce.

After a convenient digeſtion let them be diſtilled again, then adde the outward rinds of Citrons ſix drams,

• the ſeed of Piony husked, ſix drams
  • Cinnamon
  • Nutmegs.
  • Mace
  • Cardamums
  • Cububs
  • of yellow Sanders
    • of each half an ounce.
  • Lignum Aloes, one dram
  • the beſt Jujubs, the kernels taken out, half a pound.

Let them be digeſted for the ſpace of ſix week, then ſtrain and filtre the Liquor, to which adde of

• prepared Pearl, two drams.
• prepared Emrald a ſcruple.
• Amber Gryſe
• Musk
• Saffron
• Red Roſes
• Sanders
  • of each an ounce.
• Yellow Sanders
• Rinds of Citrons dryed
  • of each a dram.

Let all theſe ſpecies be tyed in a ſilken bag and hanged in the foreſaid ſpirit.

A Scorbuticall water, or a compound water of Horſe radiſh is made thus.

Take the leaves of both ſorts of Scurvie-graſs being made very clean, of each ſix pound: let theſe be bruiſed, and the juice preſſed forth: to which adde the

• Juice of
  • Brook-lime
  • Water-creſſes
    • of each half a pound,
• of the beſt White wine, eight pints.
• twelve whole Lemons cut.
• of the freſh roots of
  • Briony four pound.
  • Horſe Radiſh two pound.
• of the bark of Winteran, half a pound.
• of Nutmegs four ounces.

Let them be macerated three days and diſtilled.

Three or four ſpoonfuls of this water taken twice in a day cures the Scurvy preſently.

Spirit of Caſtor is made thus.

• Take of
  • freſh Caſtoreum two ounces
  • flowers of Lavender freſh, half an ounce
  • Sage
  • Roſemary
    • of each two drams,
  • Cinnamon three drams
  • Mace
  • Cloves
    • of each a dram
  • the beſt rectified Spirit of Wine, three pints.

Let them be digeſted in a Glaſs (two parts of three being empty) ſtopt cloſe with a bladder and Cork two dayes in warm aſhes; then diſtill the ſpirit in Balneo, and keep it in a glaſs cloſe ſtopt. If you would make it ſtronger take a pint of this ſpirit, and an ounce of the powder of Caſtoreum, put them into a glaſſe and digeſt them into a cold place for the ſpace of ten dayes, and then ſtrain out the Spirit.

This ſpirit is very good againſt fits of the Mother, paſſions of the heart which ariſe from vapours, &c.

Bezoard water is made thus.

• Take of
  • the leaves of the greater Sallandine together with the roots thereof, three handfuls and a half.
  • Rue, two handfuls.
  • Scordium, four handfull.
  • Dittany of Crete
  • Carduus
    • of each a handfull and half.
  • Root of
    • Zedoary
    • Angelica
      • of each three drams.
  • The outward rind of
    • Citrons
    • Lemmons
      • of each ſix drams.
  • The flower of Wall-gilly-flower, an ounce and half.
  • Red Roſes
  • the leſſer Centory
    • of each two drams.
  • Cinnamon
  • Cloves
    • of each three drams.
  • Andromachus his Treacle, three ounces.
  • Mithridate, an ounce and half.
  • Camphire, two ſcruples.
  • Trochiſces of Vipers, two ounces.
  • Mace, two drams.
  • Lignum aloes, half an ounce.
  • Yellow Sanders, a dram and half.
  • The ſeeds of
    • Carduus, an ounce.
    • Citron, ſix drams.

Cut thoſe things that are to be cut, and let them be macerated three days in the beſt Spirit of Wine, and Muſcadine, of each three pints and half, vinegar of Wall gilly-flowers, and the juice of Lemmons, of each a pint, let them be diſtilled in a glazed veſſell in Balneo.

After half the Liquor is diſtilled off, let that which remains in the veſſell be ſtrained through a linnen cloth, and vapoured away to the thickneſs of honey, which may be called

A Bezoard Extract.

This water is a great Cordial, and good againſt any infection.

To make a ſpecificall Sudorifick.

Take of Ginger a pound, long Pepper, and black Pepper, of each half an ounce, of Cardamums three drams, of Grains an ounce, powder them and put them into a glaſs with half an ounce of the beſt Camphire, diſtilled vinegar two pound, digeſt them a month, then ſeparate the vinegar by expreſſion, which muſt putrefie a month, and then be circulated for the ſpace of a week, then filter it, and thou haſt as powerfull a Sudorifick as ever was or can be made.

The doſe is from a dram to half an ounce, and to be drank in a draught of poſſet-drink.

Treacle-water is made thus.

• Take of
  • the juice of the green ſhales of Walnuts four pound.
  • the juice of Rue, three pints.
  • Carduus
  • Marygold
  • Balm
    • of each two pints.
  • the root of Butter-burre freſh a pound and half.
  • Burre
  • Angelica
  • Maſter-wort
    • freſh, of each half a pound.
  • the leaves of Scordium, four handfull.
  • old Andromachus treacle
  • Mithridate
    • of each eight ounces.
  • the beſt Canary, twelve pints.
  • the ſharpeſt Vinegar, ſix pints.
  • the juice of Lemmons, two pints.

Digeſt them two days in horſe dung, the veſſell being cloſe ſtopped; then diſtill them in ſand.

Aqua Mariae is made thus.

• Take of
  • Sugar candid, one pound.
  • Canarie Wine, ſix ounces.
  • Roſe water, four ounces.
• Make of theſe a Syrup, and boil it well, to which adde
• of
  • Aqua Imperialis, two pints.
  • Amber gryſe
  • Musk
    • of each eighteen grains.
  • Saffron, fifteen grains.
  • yellow Sanders infuſed in Aqua Imperialis, two drams.

The Mother water, commonly called Hyſtericall water, is made thus.

• Take of
  • the juice of the root of Briony, four pound.
  • the leaves of
    • Rue
    • Mugwort
      • of each two pound.
    • Savin dryed, three handfull.
    • Mother-wort
    • Nippe
    • Penny-royall
      • of each two handfull.
    • Garden baſill
    • Cretenſian Dittany
      • of each a handfull and half.
    • the rind of yellow Oranges freſh, four ounces.
    • Myrrhe, two ounces.
    • Caſtoreum, an ounce.
    • the beſt Canary wine, twelve pints.

Let them be digeſted four dayes in a fit veſſell, then diſtill them in Balneo.

A vomiting water is made thus.

Take of the beſt Tobacco in leaves, cut ſmall, four ounces, Squils two ounces, Nutmegs ſliced half an ounce; put theſe into three pints of ſpring water, a pint of White wine vinegar, diſtill them in a hot Still or Alembick.

If thou wouldſt have it ſtronger thou mayeſt put this water on freſh ingredients, and diſtill it again.

A little quantity of this water is a moſt ſafe and effectuall vomit, and may be taken from the eldeſt to the youngeſt, if ſo be you proportion the quantity to the ſtrength of the Patient.

You may dulcifie it with ſugar or ſyrup if you pleaſe.

A vomiting Water made by Platerus.

Take green Walnuts gathered about Midſummer, Radiſh roots, of each bruiſed two parts, of diſtilled Wine vinegar four parts, digeſt them five dayes, then diſtill them in Balneo.

This being taken to the quantity of two ſpoonfull or three cauſeth eaſie Vomiting.

A diſtilled water that purgeth without any pain or griping.

Take of Scammony an ounce, Hermodactyls two ounces, the ſeeds of Broom, of the leſſer Spurge, of Dwarf Elder, of each half an ounce, the juice of Dwarf Elder, of wild Aſſes cucumber, of black Hellebore, the freſh flower of Elder, of each an ounce and half, Polypodium 6 ounces, of Sene 3 ounces, Red ſugar 8 ounces, common diſtilled Water 6 pints.

Let all theſe be bruiſed, and infuſed in the water 24 hours, then be diſtilled in Balneo.

This water may be given from 2 drams to 3 ounces and it purgeth all manner of humours, opens all obſtructions, and is pleaſant to be taken, and they whoſe ſtomachs loath all other phyſick may take this without any offence.

After it is diſtilled there may be hanged a little bag of Spices in it, as alſo it may be ſweetned with ſugar, or any opening ſyrup.

A ſpecificall Liquor againſt the tooth-ach.

Take of oil of Cloves well rectified half an ounce, in it diſſolve half a dram of Camphire, adde to them of the Spirit of Turpentine four times rectified, in which half a dram of Opium hath been infuſed, half an ounce.

A drop or two of this Liquor put into a hollow tooth with ſome lint eaſeth the tooth-ach preſently.

Of MINERALS. BOOK III.

Spirit of Salt is made thus.

TAke of the beſt Bay-ſalt as much as you pleaſe, let it be diſſolved in ſpring water, and filtred, mix with this brine in a Copper veſſell, of the powder of Bricks or Tiles twice or thrice as much as the Salt before its diſſolution was in weight; let the water vapour away over the fire (continually ſtirring of it) untill it be dry; Then put this powder into a glaſs Retort well luted, or an earthen Retort, and put it into a Furnace (a large Receiver joined to it according to art) then give fire to it by degrees untill it will bear an open fire, for the ſpace of 12 hours. Thou ſhalt have a very acid oil or ſpirit in the Receiver. That Liquor being put into a little Retort in ſand may be rectified by the vapouring away of the flegm; then keep it for uſe in a glaſs very well ſtopt that no air goe in.

Spirit of Salt is very good in Feavers putrid, alſo in Hydropicall.

A Retort and its Receiver before they be ſet on work.

A Retort with its Receiver, ſet on work.

Oil or Spirit of Salt may alſo be made after this manner.

Take one part of Salt, and three parts of powder of Bricks or Tiles, and mix them together, and put them into a Retort either of glaſs or earth, to which put fire as before.

After this manner you may make oil or ſpirit of

• Nitre
• Salt Gem
• Alum.

Note that theſe Salts muſt firſt be calcined, which is done by exhaling their flegm.

To turn Salt-peter into a water by a meer digeſtion.

Take of Salt-peter powdered very ſmall, with it fill the fourth part of a Bolt-head, cloſe it well, and let it ſtand in the heat of aſhes or ſand the ſpace of ſix weeks, and you ſhall ſee good part of it turned into water, continue it in the ſaid heat til it be all diſſolved.

This is of incomparable uſe in Feavers and againſt Worms or any putrefaction in the body, and indeed a moſt rare ſecret.

Spirit of Salt-Armoniack.

Diſſolve Salt-Armoniack in diſtilled ſpirit of Urine over a moderate heat, in this ſpirit let Bricks beaten into ſmall pieces and made red hot be quenched, till they have imbibed all the water, then make Diſtillation in a Retort in ſand, or in a naked fire.

This ſpirit is of greater ſtrength then that is of other Salts.

Oil or Spirit of Vitriall is made thus.

Take of Hungarian, or the beſt Engliſh Vitrial, as much as you pleaſe, let it be melted in an earthen veſſell glazed, with a ſoft fire, that all the moiſture may exhale, continually ſtirring of it, untill it be brought into a yellow powder, which muſt be put into a glaſſe Retort well luted, or an earthen Retort that will endure the fire: Fit a large Receiver to the Retort and cloſe the joints wel together; then give it fire by degrees till the ſecond day, then make the ſtrongeſt heat you can til the Receiver which before was dark with fumes be clear again; let the Liquor that is diſtilled off be put into a little Retort, and the flegm be drawn off in ſand, ſo will the oil be rectified, which is moſt ſtrong and ponderous, and muſt be kept by it ſelf.

Many call that flegm which is drawn off in rectifying the ſpirit of Vitriall.

This oil or ſpirit is very excellent in putrid Feavers, reſiſting putrefaction, alſo it opens all obſtructions, and is very diureticall.

A red and heavie oil of Vitrial.

Take of calcined Vitriall one part, flints groſſely powdered two parts, of theſe with ſpirit of wine make a Paſte, diſtill it in a Retort, and there will come forth a red heavy oil.

This is to be uſed rather about metals then in the body, only if the ſcurfe on the head be annointed therewith two or three times in a week it will fall off, and the head be cured.

To dulcifie the Spirit of Vitriall, and of Salt.

Take the ſpirit of Vitriall, or of Salt, the beſt ſpirit of wine, of each half a pound, diſtill them in a Retort together three or four times, and they will be united inſeparably, and become ſweet.

Some put 8 ounces of the beſt Sugar-candie to theſe Spirits before they be thus diſtilled.

Ten or twenty drops of this compound ſpirit being taken in any appropriated Liquor is very good in any putrid or Epidemicall diſeaſe.

Gilla Theophraſti, or a moſt-delicate vomiting Liquor made of Vitriall.

Take of Cryſtals made out of Copper, or Iron, diſſolve them in the acid flegm that firſt comes forth in the diſtilling of common Vitriall; circulate them eight days.

This Liquor muſt be taken in wine, and it cauſes vomiting inſtantly, and is moſt excellent to cleanſe and ſtrengthen the ſtomach and to cure all ſuch diſtempers that ariſe from thence, as ſalt defluxions, Feavers, Worms, Head-ach, and Vertigoes, the Hyſtericall paſſion, and ſuch like.

The Doſe is from a ſcruple to two ſcruples.

Oil of Sulphur per Campanam.

Take a large iron veſſel like a platter, over it hang a glaſs bell that hath a noſe like the head of a cold ſtil, fil the lower veſſel being narrower then the compaſs of the bell, or head, with brim-ſtone, or ſulphur, inflame it, ſo will the fume which ariſeth from thence be condenſed in the bell into a Liquor which will drop down through the noſe into the Receiver.

Note that the bell muſt hang at ſuch a diſtance from the other veſſell that the flame of the ſulphur touch it not, according to this following example.

If in ſtead of this broad veſſell, you take a large crucible and m[••]t in it Salt-peter, and caſt Sulphur upon it thus meked, you ſhall make a great deal quicker diſpatch.

This ſpirit is of the ſame nature, and hath the ſame operations as oil of Vitriall.

The Oil of Sulphur is made after a more Philoſophicall manner thus.

Take of crude Sulphur as much as you pleaſe, put it into a melting veſſell to be diſſolved over the fire: being diſſolved, pour it forth into ſeething hot water (this done ten or more times, remembring that the water muſt be always ſeething hot) and thou ſhalt ſee that the Sulphur will be like butter, then put it into a Retort, pouring on it the beſt ſpirit of Wine, then diſtilling it with a ſoft fire, and there will come forth an oil of a golden colour, of a good taſte and ſmell, which is the true Balſome of Sulphur. The oil that ſwims on the ſpirit muſt be ſeparated.

This oil for the cure of all diſtempers of the Lungs, for all Feavers whether putrid or peſtilentiall, and the cure of wounds and Ulcers, is ſcarce to be equalled.

The Eſſence of Sulphur.

Take of Sulphur vivum, as much as you pleaſe, diſſolve it as well as you can in Aqua fortis (made of Vitriall and Salt-peter;) then evaporate the Aqua fortis, and then reverberate the matter till it become very red; Extract the tincture with ſpirit of Wine, then digeſt them till the eſſence be ſeparated from the ſpirit like an oil, and ſink to the bottome.

This Eſſence alſo is of wonderfull vertue againſt all putrefaction both inward and outward, a great preſervative againſt the plague, and is wonderfull balſamicall, and cureth all ſores both old and new, even to admiration.

The oil of Arſenick is made thus.

Take of Cryſtalline Arſenick (being firſt ſublimed with Colcothar alone as much as you pleaſe, mix it with an equal weight of the ſalt of Tartar and Salt-peter, and let them be betwixt two little pots or crucibles (whereof the upper hath a hole) calcined, untill no fume aſcend. The matter being thus calcined diſſolve in warm water that you may draw a ſalt from thence; the powder which fals to the bottome imbibe with the liquor of Tartar, and dry it by the fire, and this thou muſt doe three times, then diſſolve the matter in warm water that thou mayeſt draw out the Salt thereof, and there will remain a moſt white powder, and fixed, which in a moiſt place will be diſſolved into a liquid matter like oil or butter.

Aqua fortis or a ſtrong Spirit (that will diſſolve ſilver and baſer metals) is made thus.

Take of Vitriall calcined two parts, of Nitre one part, grind and mix them well together, and put them into a glaſſe Retort coated, or earthen Retort that will endure the fire, and ſet them into the Furnace in an open fire, and then having fitted a large Receiver diſtill it by degrees the ſpace of 24 hours, then rectifie the water or ſpirit in ſand.

Aqua Regia, or Stygia, or a ſtrong Spirit that will diſſolve Gold, is made thus.

Take of Nitre two parts, Salt Armoniack one part, the powder of flints three parts, put them into a glaſs Retort coated, or earthen Retort that will endure the fire, diſtill them by degrees over a naked fire for the ſpace of 12 hours, take it out and rectifie it.

This water will diſſolve gold.

Another Aqua regia is made thus.

Take of ſpirit of Nitre, as much as you pleaſe, put a dram of crude Nitre to every ounce of it, and it will be as ſtrong as any Aqua regia.

This water will diſſolve gold.

To make a moſt ſtrong, and vehement Aqua fortis.

Take of the ſtrongeſt Aqua fortis that you can get, and well rectified, a pound, of Mercury ſublimed four ounces, ſalt Armoniack twenty ounces, mix all theſe together.

Oil or Butter of Antimony, is made thus.

Take of crude Antimony as much as you pleaſe, of ſublimed Mercury a like quality, make them both into a very fine powder and mix them, and put them into a glaſs Retort, the neck whereof muſt be large. Give fire by degrees in a cloſe reverberatory, or let the Diſtillation be made in ſand. There will diſtill into the Receiver a fatneſſe; part whereof ſticking to the neck of the Retort will melt by a light fire being put to it. That fatneſs may be rectified in a Retort: and either be kept by it ſelf as it is, or ſet in a cellar or moiſt place and be reſolved into a Liquor.

This oil might be waſhed in good ſtore of water, and then there will ſettle to the bottome a white powder, which being oft waſhed in fair water till all the ſharpneſs is gone, is then called Mercurius vitae, ſix or ſeven grains whereof is an excellent vomiting medicine.

A Furnace for a cloſe Reverberation furniſhed with its Retort and Receiver.

A, Shews the Furnace.

B, The Retort.

C, The Receiver.

D, The Veſſell filled with cold water.

How to make a water out of Antimony whereof a few drops ſhall purge, or ſweat, and which hath neither ſmell or ſcarce any taſte.

Take flowers of Antimony, ſublime them with ſalt Armoniack ſix or ſeven times, then waſh away the Salt with warm water, and dry the powder, which then lay thin on a Marble in a cellar till it be diſſolved (which will be in ſix weeks time.) This water if it be taken to the quantity of twenty drops will purge, if in a leſſer quantity it will ſweat.

To make an oil or quinteſſence of Metals.

Diſſolve what Metall, or Minerall you pleaſe, in a ſtrong ſpirit of Salt (except ſilver which muſt be diſſolved in Aqua fortis) draw off the flegm in Balneo, pour on rectified ſpirit of Wine, digeſt them ſo long till a red oil ſwim above, which is the quinteſſence of metals, and minerals, and is a very great ſecret.

The true Spirit of Antimony is made thus.

Take of the ſubtile powder of the Regulus of Antimony as much as you pleaſe, ſublime it of it ſelf til it wil ſublime no more (ſtil putting what is ſublimed to that which remains at the bottom) or with ſalt Armoniack ſix or ſeven times (remembring that then you muſt dulcifie it with warm water by diſſolving therewith the ſalt, and dry the Precipitate afterwards.) Set this fixed powder in a cellar, laying it very thin upon a marble ſtone and in about ſix weeks or two months it will all be diſſolved into water, which muſt be filtred. Then evaporate part of this water and let it ſtand two or three dayes in the cellar to cryſtallize. Theſe Cryſtals purifie, and dry. Mix them with three times the quantity of the groſs powder of Tiles, and diſtill them in a Retort, and there will come forth firſt a white ſpirit, and then a red, which you may rectifie in Balneo.

The true Oil or Eſſence of Antimony is made thus.

Take of the foreſaid Cryſtals, diſſolve them in good rectified ſpirit of wine, digeſt them two months in Balneo, or horſe dung: then evaporate the ſpirit of wine, and there will remain in the bottom the true oil or eſſence of Antimony.

Then take new Cryſtals of Antimony, and let them imbibe either this oil, or the foreſaid ſpirit, till they will imbibe no more, then digeſt them two months in ſand, and they will become a flowing fixt ſalt, and of excellent vertue.

The aforeſaid ſpirit, this oil, and eſſence of Antimony may be equalized to Aurum potabile to all intents and purpoſes, according to a Medicinall uſe, eſpecially the ſixt Eſſence. The doſe is five or ſix grains.

A burning Spirit made out of Lead, moſt fragrant and Balſamicall.

Take the Calx of Saturn, or elſe Minium, pour upon it ſo much ſpirit of Vinegar that may cover it four fingers breadth, digeſt them in a warm place the ſpace of twenty four hours, often ſtirring them that the matter ſettle not too thick in the bottome: then decant the Menſtruum, and pour on more, digeſt it as before, and this do ſo often untill all the ſaltneſs be extracted. Filter and clarifie all the Menſtruum being put together, then evaporate it half away, and ſet the other part in a cold place till it cryſtallize. Theſe Cryſtals diſſolve again in freſh ſpirit of Vinegar, filter and coagulate the Liquor again into Cryſtals, and this doe ſo often untill they be ſufficiently impregnated with the ſalt Armoniack of the Vinegar as with their proper ferment. Digeſt them in a temperate Balneo, that they may be reſolved into a Liquor like oil. Then diſtil this Liquor in ſand in a Retort, with a large Receiver annexed to it, and well cloſed that no ſpirits evaporate, together with the obſervation of the degrees of the fire: then there wil diſtil forth a ſpirit of ſuch a fragrant ſmel that the fragrancie of all flowers, and compounded perfumes are not to be compared to it. After Diſtillation when all things are cold, take out, and caſt away the black feces which is of no uſe. Then ſeparate the yellow oil, which ſwims on the top of the ſpirit, and the bloud red oil which ſinks to the bottome of it: Separate the flegm from the ſpirit in Balneo. Thou ſhalt by this means have a moſt fragrant ſpirit that even raviſheth the ſenſes; and ſo balſamical, that it cures all old and new ſores inward and outward, and ſo cordiall that the dying are with admiration revived with it.

They that have this medicine need ſcarce uſe any other either for inward or outward griefs.

How to turn Quick-ſilver into a water without mixing any thing with it, and to make thereof a good Purgative and Diaphoretick medicine.

Take an ounce of Quick-ſilver not purified, put it into a bolt head of glaſs, which you muſt nip up, ſet it over a ſtrong fire in ſand for the ſpace of two months, and the Quick-ſilver wil be turned into a red ſparkling Precipitate. Take this powder, and lay it thin on a Marble in a Cellar for the ſpace of two months, and it wil be turned into a water, which may be ſafely taken inwardly, it wil work a little upward and downward, but chiefly by ſweat.

Note that you may ſet divers glaſſes with the ſame matter in the ſame Furnace, that ſo you may make the greater quantity at a time.

I ſuppoſe it is the Sulphur which is in the Quick-ſilver, and makes it ſo black, that being ſtirred up by the heat of the fire, fixeth the Mercury.

A fragrant oil of Mercury.

Take of Mercury ſeven times ſublimed, and as often revived with unſlaked Lime, as much as you pleaſe, diſſolve it in ſpirit of Nitre in a moderate heat, then abſtract the ſpirit of ſalt, and edulcorate it very well by boiling it in ſpirit of Vinegar: then abſtract the ſpirit of Vinegar, and waſh it again with diſtilled rain water: then dry it, and digeſt it two months in a like quantity of the beſt rectified ſpirit of Wine you can get. Diſtil them by Retort, making your fire moderate at the beginning, afterwards increaſing it; then evaporate the ſpirit of Wine in Balneo, and there will remain in the bottome a moſt fragrant oil of Mercury.

This oil ſo purifies the bloud by ſweat and urine, that it cures all diſtempers that ariſe from the impurity thereof, as the venereal diſeaſe, &c.

The truth is, they that have this medicine well made need but few other medicines: the doſe is four or five drops.

To turn Mercury into a water by it ſelf.

Set this following veſſell being made of iron into a Furnace, ſo that the three bowls thereof be within the Furnace, and the Pipe and Receiver be without. Make your Furnace ſo as that there be a great hole left open at the top: where you muſt put in your coals, ſhutting it afterward with a cover of ſtone made fit thereunto; on the top alſo muſt be holes to let in air.

The Veſſell for this Operation.

Firſt make your Iron veſſel as red hot as poſſibly it can be made (or elſe you do nothing) having firſt annexed an earthen well-glazed Receiver to the bottom of it. Then put half an ounce of Quick-ſilver at a time in at the top (which preſently ſtop with clay) and preſently the Mercury will come over, part in a ſharp Liquor, and part as crude a Mercury as it was before, which you may put in again till it be all turned to water.

Note that unleſs the Quick-ſilver give a great crack preſently after it is put in, it is a ſign that the veſſell was not hot enough.

This operation being well proſecuted may produce a medicine with which none under the Philoſophers Elixir may compare.

How to diſtill Spirits, and Oils out of Minerals, Vegetables, Bones, Horns, and faſter, and in a greater quantity in one hour then in the common way in twenty four. This muſt be done in ſuch a Furnace as this.

A, Signifies the Furnace with its iron, or earthen diſtilling veſſell walled in, to which a very large Recipient is joined. B, the Diſtiller, who with his left hand taketh off the cover, and with his right caſteth in his prepared matter with an iron lad[•]e. C, the form of the diſtilling veſſell. D, the ſame, as it appeareth inward, E, the form of the veſſell not walled in but ſtanding on the coals for other uſes.

This Furnace muſt be twice ſo high as wide, and the pipe muſt be a foot long out of the Furnace.

The veſſell walled in muſt be of earth for the diſtilling of Antimony, Sulphur, and ſuch things as will corode iron: but for other things iron is moſt convenient.

Before you make any diſt[•]llation, let the veſſell which is walled in be red hot, then by little and little caſt in your matter, which muſt be cut or powdered ſmall, and clap down the cover into the falſe bottome above, which is full of molten lead, and therefore ſuffereth no fume to goe forth.

When you ſee the fumes in the Receiver (which muſt be of glaſs) to ceaſe; and condenſed into a Liquor, then put in more matter.

By this way you may make a far greater diſpatch and diſtill a greater quantity out of the ſame proportion of matter, then by the common way.

By this way there is no danger of breaking your Receiver, and you may end and begin when you pleaſe, and try divers experiments in one hour, and cannot make the fire too ſtrong, and may make the ſpirits of ſuch things as can hardly or not ſo well be made by a Retort, as the ſpirits of Salt, of Tartar, Harts-horn, Antimony, &c.

Salt and ſuch things as will flow muſt have a bole, or powder of brick mixed with them before they be caſt into the veſſell, or if you pleaſe you may firſt diſſolve what ſalt you pleaſe, and with red hot groſs powder of Brick, imbibe the water, then caſt in this powder by little and little into the diſtilling veſſell, and the Salt by this means will yeeld its ſpirit quickly and in aboundance. By either of theſe two wayes you may make a pound of the ſpirit of Nitre in an hour, and of ſalt in two hours.

Now whereas ſome things yeeld a ſpirit, and a thick and heavy oil, they may be rectified thus, viz. by putting them into a Retort, and diſtilling them in ſand or aſhes with a graduall heat: there wil come forth the flegme of ſome Liquors firſt, and then the ſpirit; and of other ſome the ſpirit, and then the flegm, but of all theſe the heavy thick oil at laſt; which by diſtilling off becomes far clearer then before, which may again be rectified by ſpirit of ſalt as I have ſhewed before, and therefore need not here repeat it.

To make an oil of Lapis Calaminaris.

Take of Lapis Calaminaris powdered, as much as you pleaſe, pour on it five or ſix times as much of rectified ſpirit of Salt, ſhake them together continually or elſe it will be congealed into a hard maſs, which can hardly be mollified again: when no more will diſſolve in frigido, put it in warm ſand ſo long till the ſpirit of ſalt be of a high yellow colour; then pour it off and put on more til all be diſſolved that wil, caſt away the feces, put the ſolution into a glaſs body, and diſtill it in ſand: about the third part of the ſpirit of Salt cometh over as inſipid as common water, though the ſpirit were well rectified before, for the drineſs of the Lapis Calaminaris (which is the drieſt of all Minerals and Metals except Zink) retaineth the ſpirit after the flegm is come over; let the glaſs cool, and thou ſhalt find at the bottome a thick red oil very fat, even as Olive olive, and not very coroſive; keep it from the air, or elſe it turneth into water.

It is of wonderfull vertue for inward and outward griefs, for it hath in it a pure golden Sulphur.

Common Sulphur mixed with this oil, and melted in a ſtrong fire ſwimmeth like water above, and is tranſparent.

This oil diſtilled in a Retort with pure ſand in a ſtrong fire, yeeldeth a ſpirit like fire ſcarce to be contained in any veſſel, and diſſolveth all metals except ſilver, and reduceth pure ſpirit of Wine into an oyl within a few days.

To make oyl of Talk.

Take of the beſt Talk reduced into very thin flakes, make them red hot, and then quench them in the ſtrongeſt Lixivium that Sope-boylers uſe; doe this fifteen times and it will become as white as ſnow: then powder it very ſmall and calcine it by fumigation i. e. by the fume of ſome very ſharp ſpirit as of Aqua fortis, or the like: when it hath been thus calcined for the ſpace of a fortnight, it wil become ſomewhat mucilaginous, then ſet it in any heat of putrefaction as it is (for it hath imbibed enough of the ſharp ſpirit to moiſten and ferment it) for the ſpace of two months in a bolt head nipt up: then evaporate the acid ſpirit and dulcifie it with diſtilled rain water. After this extract what thou canſt out of it with the beſt rectified ſpirit of Wine, pour off the ſolution and evaporate the ſpirit of Wine, and at the bottome will be a moſt beautiful oyl.

The oyl is the moſt glorious fucus or paint in the World.

To make oyl of Talk another way.

Take of the foreſaid powder of Talk after it hath been putrefied, and again dulcified as much as you pleaſe, put four times as much of the beſt circulated oyl of Camphire to it, digeſt them in Horſe dung till all the powder be diſſolved, and the oyl become mucilaginous, which will be within two months.

This is for the ſame uſe as the former.

There is required a great deal of pains and care and no ſmall coſt in the preparation of theſe oyls.

Oyl is made of Bole Armoniack, terra ſigillata, and ſuch kind of clay earths, thus.

Take of either of thoſe earths, as much as you pleaſe, break it into ſmall pieces, and put it into a Retort over a naked fire for the ſpace of 12 hours, and there will diſtill into the Receiver (which muſt be large) the flegm, then white Spirits in a little quantity, yet of a grateful taſte and ſmel.

Oyl out of theſe kinds of earth is made better thus.

Take of either of theſe earths, which you pleaſe, as much as you will; pour upon it diſtilled rain water, ſet it in ſome warm place for a month or more, and the oylineſs will ſeparate from its body, of its own accord, and ſwim upon the water. Separate the water by a tunnel, and diſtil the oyl with five parts of the ſpirit of Wine well rectified, and there will come forth an oyl oyl of a golden colour, ſwimming on the ſpirit which is a moſt excellent Balſame.

Spirit of unſlaked Lime is made thus.

Take of unſlaked Lime as much as thou pleaſeſt; reduce it into a ſubtle powder, imbibe it with Spirit of Wine moſt highly rectified (which muſt be pure from all its flegm, or elſe you labour in vain) as much as it can imbibe; draw off the ſpirit of Wine with a gentle heat, cohobate it 8 or 10 times, ſo will the fiery vertue of the Lime be fortified.—Take of this levigated Lime 10 ounces, pure ſalt of Tartar one ounce, the feces of Tartar after the ſalt is extracted 11 ounces; mix theſe well together, put them into a glaſs Retort coated, ſee that 2 parts of 3 be empty, diſtill them into two Receivers, the flegm into one, the ſpirit into the other, which muſt have a little of rectified ſpirit of Wine in it to receive the ſpirit.

If thou wilt ſeparate the ſpirit of Wine, then put fire to it, and the ſpirit of Wine will burn away, and the ſpirit of the Lime ſtay behinde, which is a kind of a fixed ſpirit.

This is a very ſecret for the conſuming the Stone in the bladder, and the curing of the Gout.

Oyl made out of Tile-ſtones, called the Oyl of Philoſophers.

Take of Bricks or Tiles, as many as you pleaſe, break them into ſmall pieces, make them red fire hot, then quench them in pure old Oyl Olive (in which let them lye till they be cold) then take them out and grind them very ſmall, let the powder be put in a glaſs Retort, coated, a fit Receiver being put thereto and diſtil off the oyl in a naked fire by degrees, which being diſtilled off keep in a viall cloſe ſtopt.

This oyl is wonderfull penetrating, and is good againſt all cold diſtempers whatſoever.

The Liquor or Water of Corall, is made thus.

Take Salt-Armoniack well purified by ſublimation, of red Coral finely powdered, of each a like quantity; ſublime them ſo often till the Corall will no more riſe up, then take the Calx of Corall that remains in the bottome of the ſublimatory and put it on a marble or glaſs in the cellar to be diſſolved; that which will not be diſſolved ſublime again, and do as before till all be diſſolved: and ſo thou haſt the Liquor of Corall.

Note that if thou wilt have the true tincture of Coral, evaporate the humidity of the foreſaid Liquor, then extract the tincture out of the powder with ſpirit of Wine, which ſpirit evaporate to the conſiſtency of honey: and thou haſt a moſt rare medicine.

This medicine ſtrengtheneth all the parts in the body, and cures all diſtempers that ariſe from the weakneſs thereof.

To make a Water out of Lapis Armenus that ſhall have neither taſte nor ſmell, a few drops whereof ſhal purge.

Take of Lapis Armenus powdered ſmall, and calcined, as much as you pleaſe, ſublime it with ſalt Armoniack until it will ſublime no more but remain in the bottome of the ſublimatory, then take it out, and lay it very thin upon a marble in a cellar, and there let it lye two months, and it will be almoſt all diſſolved into a Liquor.

Or thus:
Take of Lapis Armenus powdered ſmall and calcined, as much as you pleaſe, pour upon it of diſtilled Vinegar, as much as wil cover it four fingers breadth, then ſet it over a gentle heat ſtirring of it two or three times in an hour, for the ſpace of ſix hours or thereabouts; then the ſpirit being tinged very blew with the powder, filtre off from the feces, then pour more ſpirit of vinegar on the feces and doe as before, till the ſpirit be tinged no more, then take all the blew ſpirit and vapour it away, and at the bottome you ſhall have a ſalt, which you muſt put into a calcining pot, and calcine ſo long in the fire till no more vapour will ariſe, and it become a dark red powder, then put it upon a marble in the cellar for the ſpace of two months, and it well be diſſolved into a Liquor, a few drops whereof put into a glaſs of beer will purge delicately.

How to make a Furnace that ſhall of it ſelf without any veſſels which ſhould contain the matter, being put into it, ſublime Minerals, and diſtil all manner of Oils and Spirits out of Minerals, Vegetables, and Animals, and that in a very great quantity, in a very ſhort time, and with ſmall coſt.

THe Furnace is made as followeth: It may be made of one piece by a Potter, or of brick, round, or four-ſquare, greater or leſſer as you pleaſe: if the inſide be one ſpan broad in the middle, it muſt be four high: one for the Aſh-hole, another above the grate to the middle Coal-hole, and two above the Pipe; this pipe being made of earth or iron muſt be a ſpan long betwixt the Furnace and the Receiver, and a third part as wide as the Furnace within.

The Recipients muſt be made of glaſs, or very good earth well luted together; the greater the better.

The firſt Figure.

The ſecond Figure.

A, Signifies the Aſh-hole, which muſt be as wide as the Furnace, and alwayes open that the fire may burn the ſtronger.

B, The middle hole of the Furnace for the putting in of coals.

C, The ſtopple made of ſtone.

D, The upper hole of the Furnace with a falſe bottome wherein ſand lyeth, which is there laid that the cover may lye the cloſer and keep in the fumes the better.

E, The Cover, which muſt preſently be clapt on aſſoon as the matter to be diſtilled is put in.

F, The Pipe, which goeth out of the Furnace, and to which the Receiver is fitted.

G, The firſt Recipient for flowers.

H, The ſecond.

I, The third.

K, A Stool whereon the first Recipient reſteth, in the midſt whereof is a hole, through which goeth the neck of the Recipient, to which another glaſs is fitted.

L, The Glaſs fitted to the Recipient for the uniting the ſpirits that drop down.

M, Another Recipient united to the former glaſs, and into which the united ſpirits do run.

N, A Stoole through the middle whereof goeth a ſcrew for the raiſing of that Glaſs which is ſet under the firſt Recipient, higher, or lower.

O,

P, The Grate with two thick iron bars, which lye faſt, upon which four or five thinner are layed, which may be ſtirred when the Furnace is made clean.

Thus far the firſt of the figures is explained, by which you may ſee how ſublimation and diſtillation is made at one time, viz. of thoſe things which will yeeld both flowers, and ſpirits, (the flowers ſticking in the three upper Recipients, and the ſpirits dropping down into the lower.)

Now follows the explanation of the ſecond figure, which is the ſame with the former in reſpect of the Furnace it ſelf, but differing in reſpect of the Recipients, which ſerve for the receiving of the ſpirits and oyls of ſuch things as yeeld no flowers. Therefore I ſhall begin with the explanation of the Receivers.

G, The firſt crooked pipe as it is fitted to the pipe that comes out of the Furnace.

H, The-Recipient with its cover, in which is one hole for one crooked pipe to goe through, as you may ſee in the firſt H, and two holes for two pipes to goe through, as you may ſee in the ſecond H, and in H H.

Note that theſe pipes may either be faſtned to the cover being all of one piece, or they muſt be wel luted, that no vapours may paſs through. Now you muſt conceive that in the lower Receivers the vapour that goeth out of the firſt pipe goeth firſt into the Receiver, then out of that into the next pipe, and ſo forward till it cometh into the laſt Receiver, by which means it is much cooled (for indeed ſuch vapours that come out of the Furnace, eſpecially when ſome materials are diſtilled, if there were not ſome ſuch art to cool them, would break all Recipients.)

I, A tub of water, wherein the Recipient ſtands, to cool the vapours and condenſe them.

K, The firſt crooked pipe as it goeth into the Recipient.

L, The ſecond crooked pipe, whereof one end goeth into one Receiver, and another end into another.

M, The laſt crooked pipe to which you muſt annex a Receiver.

Now the manner of diſtilling is thus; Let the Furnace be full of coals wel kindled, then caſt on your matter, and ſtop your Furnace cloſe: This Furnace needs no Retort, or other veſſels to ſet into it, neither can you doe any hurt by too much or too little fire, and you may finiſh your operation when you pleaſe, and in one hour try divers experiments. It ſaveth very much time and coſt, and in one hour will doe as much as can be done in another Furnace in 24. In one hour you may make a pound of ſpirit of Salt with four or five pound of coals, and as much flower of Antimony in a like ſpace of time, and with as few coals.

If your materials be vegetables, or horn, or bones, cut them ſmall; If hard Minerals, let them be powdered very ſmall; if ſalts, let them firſt be diſſolved in water, which water muſt be imbibed with red hot coals until all the liquor be imbibed: then caſt in thoſe coals into the Furnace.

If you would by this means procure the ſpirit of hard Minerals, as of Antimony, &c. you muſt take them as they come from the Mine before they have paſſed the fire.

By this Furnace you may make the ſpirits of ſuch things which will not yeeld them in any other way.

Note that ſuch oyls and ſpirits as are drawne by this Furnace muſt be rectified in ſpirit of Salt, as I have above ſhewed.

Ros Vitrioli is made thus.

Take of the beſt Danſick Vitriall, as much as you pleaſe, uncalcined, put it into a glaſs gourd and diſtill it in the ſand, and there will come over a water ſomewhat ſharpiſh.

This Water or Ros is of greater uſe then the ſpirit or oyl thereof.

It helpeth all inward inflammations, as of the Liver, Kidneys, Stomach, helps the ebullition of bloud, and all diſtempers that come from thence.

This is that flegm, which moſt vapour away, but it is becauſe they know not the vertues thereof.

A ſweet green oyl of Vitriall is made thus.

Take as many Copperas ſtones as you pleaſe, beat them ſmall, and lay them in a cool cellar, and in twenty or thirty days they will attract the air, and look black, and after fourteen days become whitiſh and ſweetiſh, then diſſolve them in diſtilled rain water, then filter and evaporate the water, and they will ſhoot into green Cryſtals, which you may diſſolve in a Cellar per deliquium, being firſt beaten ſmall, and layed on a marble ſtone.

This liquor is that famous medicine of Paracelſus for the falling ſickneſs, a few drops thereof being taken in any appropriated liquor.

Take heed that it come at no ſtrong fire, for then ſaith Paracelſus it loſeth its greenneſs, and as much as it loſeth of that, ſo much alſo of its vertue.

A ſpirit may be drawn from hence by an ingenious Artiſt, that will ſmell like Musk, or Amber.

The Sulphur of Vitriall may with ſpirit of wine be extracted thus.

Take of the beſt Danſick Vitriall half a pound, dry it by a gentle fire till it be whitiſh, then pour on it of the beſt rectified ſpirit of Wine thirty ounces: (Note that there muſt come to it no other moiſture then the ſpirit of Wine, the glaſs alſo muſt be very dry, elſe you labour in vain) then digeſt it in horſe dung the ſpace of a month, then decant from the feces the ſpirit of Wine without any troubling of it, then in Balneo evaporate the ſpirit, and at the bottome you will have a yellow liquor of a moſt wonderfull ſtipticity.

This liquor is a famous Anodynum, ſuppreſſing all noxious vapours whatſoever and cauſing reſt.

A few drops there may be taken in any ſpecifical Liquor.

A Sudorificall Water to be uſed outwardly.

Take of ſublimed Mercury very finely powdered an ounce and half, of Euphorbium powdered a ſcruple, ſpirit of Wine well rectified, and Roſewater, of each a pound, digeſt them two or three hours in a gentle Balneo, the neck of the veſſell which muſt be very long being wel ſtopt, then let them boll a quarter of an hour: when the liquor is cold pour it from the feces, and keep it in a glaſs.

If the back bone be bathed with this Water, or the wriſt of thoſe that be weak, it cauſeth ſweat preſently, if it be done in the bed. By which means diſeaſes that require ſweat may be cured. Alſo any pained place by being bathed with this Water is in a little time eaſed.

Note that you muſt not bathe any place above three or four times with it, for by being too often uſed it contracts the skin.

How to rectifie Oyls and Spirits of Minerals.

Put the Liquor that is diſtilled from Minerals into the Retort, to which give fire by degrees, and the ſpirit wil riſe up into the upper Receiver, and the heavy oyl wil go into the middle Receiver which is the biggeſt of all; and into the little Receiver annexed to the end of the middle, wil paſs ſome of the ſpirit, which though it paſſeth into the middle Receiver, wil not ſtay there, but goeth beyond it becauſe it finds vent.

Of ANIMALS. BOOK IV.

Waters, Spirits, and Oils, ſimple and compound out of Animals.

Oyl and Water out of Bloud is made tbus.

TAke of bloud as much as you pleaſe, let it ſtand in putrefaction in a glaſs veſſell cloſe covered the ſpace of forty days, then diſtil it in aſhes, and there wil come forth a water and oyl; extract the ſalt out of the feces with the ſaid water, calcine the ſalt in a crucible, and then diſſolve it in the ſaid water, and then diſtil off the water (which will be a good rectifying of the water) and dry the ſalt very well, which then mix with the foreſaid oyl being firſt rectified, and digeſt them both together for the ſpace of a month.

To make the Magiſtery of bloud.

Take of the pureſt bloud as much as you pleaſe, put it into a Pelican, that three parts of four may be empty, and digeſt it a month in horſe dung (in which time it will ſwell and become as much more as it was when it was put in) then diſtil off the flegm in Balneo, and in the bottome will remain the magiſtery of bloud, which muſt be diſtilled, and cohobated nine times in a Retort in aſhes, and then it is perfected.

This Magiſtery is of excellent vertue, which being taken inwardly and applyed outwardly, cureth moſt diſeaſes, and eaſeth pain, being very balſamicall.

E[•]ixir of Mummie is made thus.

Take of Mummy (viz. of mans fleſh hardened) cut ſmall four ounces, ſpirit of wine terebinthinated ten ounces, put them into a glazed veſſell, (three parts of four being empty) which ſet in horſe dung to digeſt for the ſpace of a month, then take it out and expreſs it, let the expreſſion be circulated a month, then let it run through Manica Hippocratis, then evaporate the ſpirit till that which remains in the bottome be like an oyl, which is the true Elixir of Mummy.

This Elixir is a wonderful preſervative againſt all infections, alſo very balſamicall.

The eſſence of mans brains.

Take the brains of a young man that hath dyed a violent death, together with the membranes, arteries, veins, nerves, al the pith of the back, bruiſe theſe in a ſtone mortar til they become a kind of pap, then put as much of the ſpirit of wine, as will cover it three or four fingers breadth: then put it into a large glaſs that three parts of four be empty, being hermetically cloſed, then digeſt it half a year in horſe dung, then take it out and diſtill it in Balneo, and cohobate the water til the greateſt part of the brains be diſtilled off.

A ſcruple or two of this eſſence taken in ſome ſpecificall water once in a day, is a moſt infallible medicine againſt the falling ſickneſs.

A famous ſpirit made out of Cranium humanum.

Take of Crannium humanum as much as you pleaſe, break it into ſmal pieces, which put into a glaſs. Retort well coated, with a large Receiver well luted, then put a ſtrong fire to it by degrees continuing of it till you ſee no more fumes comes forth; and you ſhal have a yellowiſh ſpirit, a red oyl, and a volatile ſalt.

Take this ſalt and the yellow ſpirit and digeſt them by circulation two or three months in Balneo, and thou ſhalt have a moſt excellent ſpirit.

This ſpirit is of affinity with, if not the ſame as that famous ſpirit of Dr. Goddards in Holborn.

It helps the falling ſickneſs, gout, dropſie, infirm ſtomach, and indeed ſtrengthens all weak parts, and openeth all obſtructions, and is a kinde of Panacea.

Another excellent ſpirit made out of Cranium, Harts horn, or Ivory.

Take of either of theſe, (if you take Cranium it need not be bruiſed at all, only broke into little pieces; if Harts horn or Ivory, you muſt cut them in thin pieces) lay it piece by piece upon a net ſpread upon any veſſell being almoſt full of water, cover this net with another veſſel very cloſe, then make the water boyl, and keep it boyling three dayes and three nights, and in that time the bones or horns, will be as ſoft as cheeſe; then pound them, and to every pound thereof put half a pound of Hungarian vitrial uncalcined, and as much ſpirit of wine as wil make them into a thin paſte. This paſte digeſt in a veſſell hermetically ſeald the ſpace of a month in Balneo, then diſtil it in a Retort in ſand till all be dry, and you ſhall have a moſt excellent ſpirit.

This ſpirit is of wonderful uſe in the Epilepſie, Convulſions, all Feavers putrid or peſtilential, paſſions of the heart, and is a very excellent Sudorifick.

This ſpirit may be taken from the quantity of half an ounce to an ounce in ſome ſpecificall liquor.

A Water and Oyl made out of Hair.

Fill an earthen Retort with hair cut ſmall, ſet it over the fire, and fit a Receiver to it, and there will come over a very ſtinking Water and Oyl.

This water and Oyl is uſed in Germany to be ſprinkled upon fences and hedges to keep wild and hurtfull Cattle from coming to do harm in any place, for ſuch is the ſtink of this liquor that it doth affright them from coming to any place near it.

Water of Milk is made thus.

Take of what Milk thou pleaſeſt a gallon, in it diſſolve half a pound of ſalt, and put to it two handful of Plantain, and an ounce of Licoriſh ſliced, then diſtil it in a hot Stil with a gentle fire.

This water is of excellent uſe in hot diſtempers of the Lungs and Kidneys.

You may put in other ingredients according to the uſe you would have it for.

An excellent compound water of Milk for any inflammations in the eyes.

Take of womans milk a pint, of white Copperas a pound; diſtil them in aſhes. Note that aſſoon as thou perceiveſt any ſharp ſpirit to come off, then ceaſe.

Let inflamed eyes be waſhed three or four times in a day with this water, and it helpeth them wonderfully.

Spirit of Ʋrine is made thus.

Take of the Urine of a young man drinking much wine, as much as you pleaſe, let it ſtand in glaſs veſſels in putrefaction 40 dayes, then pouring it from its feces diſtil it in a glaſs gourd in ſand, til all be dry, then cohobate the ſaid ſpirit on the Caput Mortuum three times, then diſtill it in a gourd of a long neck, and there will aſcend beſides the ſpirit a cryſtalline ſalt, which thou mayeſt either keep by it ſelf, being called the volatile ſalt of Urine, or mix it with its ſpirit which will thereby become very penetrating, if they be digeſted for ſome days together.

Note that the pipe of the head muſt be wide, or elſe the volatile ſalt will ſoon ſtop it.

Note that this ſalt is ſo penetrating that it penetrateth the body of the glaſs.

This Spirit by rectification may be made ſo pure and ſubtle, that it will burn as fire, and diſſolve gold and precious ſtones.

This being often applyed to any place pained with the gout, eaſeth it preſently, it alſo quickens any part that is benummed.

The ſalt volatile is Helmonts famous Medicine for the Jaundies.

A compound Spirit of Ʋrine.

Take of Hungarian Vitriall a pound, the Urine of a Boy that is healthy, four pints: put theſe into a glaſs veſſel well cloſed that three parts of four may be empty; digeſt them in Balneo for the ſpace of a month, then diſtil them in aſhes til all be dry.

This ſpirit is of great vertue in the Epilepſie, Gout, Dropſie, Convulſions, being taken from two drams to half an ounce in ſome ſpecifical Liquor.

To make a ſpirit of Honey.

Take good ſtrong ſtale Mead, otherwiſe called Metheglin, as much as thou pleaſeſt, diſtil it in a Copper Stil or Alembick, with its refrigeratory, and it wil yeeld a ſpirit like Aqua vitae.

The quinteſſence of honey is made thus.

Take of the pureſt Honey two pound, of Fountain water one pound; boyl theſe together til the water be boyled away, taking off all the ſcum that riſeth, then take the Honey and put it into a glaſs, four parts of five being empty, cloſe it well, and ſet in digeſtion a whole year, and thou ſhalt have the eſſence of Honey ſwimming on the top in form of an Oyle, being of as fragrant ſmel as any thing in the World; the flegm wil be in the middle, and the feculent matter in the bottome, of a dark colour, and ſtinking ſmel.

Some make the quinteſſence of Honey after this manner.

Take as much Honey as thou pleaſeſt, of the beſt, put it into a gourd of glaſs, firſt diſtil off the flegm in Balneo, then extract the tincture out from what remains, with the ſaid water, then calcine the remaining feces and extract from thence the ſalt with the foreſaid water being diſtilled off from the tincture, calcine the ſalt and melt it in a crucible, then let it diſſolve in a cellar; then again evaporate it away, and thou ſhalt have a moſt white ſalt, which let imbibe as much of the tincture as it will; digeſt them for three months, and thou ſhalt have an eſſence of Honey.

An eſſence of Honey may be made thus.

Take of Honey wel deſpumated as much as you pleaſe, pour upon it as much of the beſt rectified ſpirit of Wine as will cover it five or ſix fingers breadth, digeſt them in a glaſs veſſel wel cloſed (the fourth part only being ful) in a temperate Balneo the ſpace of a fortnight, or til the ſpirit be very wel tinged, then decant off the ſpirit and put on more til all the tincture be extracted, then put all theſe tinctures together, and evaporate the ſpirit till what remains begin to be thickiſh at the bottome and of a golden colour.

This is a very excellent eſſence of Honey, and is of ſo pleaſant an odour that ſcarce any thing is like to it.

It is ſo cordial that it even revives the dying if two or three drops thereof be taken in ſome cordial water.

A moſt ſtrong Spirit of the Vinegar of Honey.

Take a pound of Honey, put to it of the beſt White wine vinegar ſix pints, an ounce of white Pepper bruiſed ſmal, of the ſtrongeſt Muſtard-ſeed bruiſed three ounces, put theſe into a glaſs veſſel that three parts of four may be empty, digeſt them in a temperate Balneo, or ſet the veſſell in the ſunne for the ſpace of a fortnight, then diſtil them in Balneo, and thou ſhalt have a ſpirit farre ſharper then the common ſpirit of Vinegar.

This ſpirit is ſtronger, and better then any common diſtilled Vinegar for the diſſolving of hard things, and extracting the tinctures out of things.

Oyl or quinteſſence of Wax.

Take of the beſt Wax a pound, as much of pure ſand well waſhed from al its impurity, and again dryed; Firſt melt the wax, and then mix the ſand with it very exactly, then put them into a glaſs Retort well coated, fit a ſtrong Receiver to it, and ſet it in ſand, give it fire by degrees, continuing it four days, which at laſt muſt be very ſtrong, and there wil come off a ſpirituous oyl, which muſt be rectified ſeven times in a glaſs Retort, every time changing the Retort, and you ſhal have a ſubtle oyl of a golden colour.

This oyl extracts the vertues out of all flowers preſently, being ſet in the ſun, it is wonderful Balſamical for the cure of wounds or ulcers both inward and outward, it alſo being applyed outwardly eaſeth all pains, quickens any deaded member, as in the palfie.

Water is made out of any fleſh thus.

Take what fleſh you pleaſe, the bloudieſt part thereof, unwaſhed, being cut very ſmal, and then bruiſed (or if it be a feathered fowl, take it being chaſed up and down until it be wearyed, and then ſuddenly ſtrangled, the feathers being plucked off without out putting of it into water; and being thus plucked bare, and the bowels taken out, cut the fleſh, bones, gizard, liver, heart,) and pour upon it as much water as will be ſufficient, with what ſpices and hearbs thou pleaſeſt, then ſet it over a gentle fire in an earthen veſſel glazed the ſpace of 24 houres, then put the head upon it and lute it cloſe, and there wil diſtil off a comfortable reſtorative water.

Water or Liquor is made out of fleſh thus.

Take of what fleſh you pleaſe, or feathered fowl prepared as before, bruiſe it ſmal, and put it into a copper veſſell tinned within ſide, without any water being put to it, put a cover to it and lute it cloſe, and ſet it in Balneo, or over the vapour of ſeething water, and if the fleſh be tender it will be turned into a clear liquor the ſpace of 12 hours, if harder it will require a longer time: You may put in what ſpices or hearbs you pleaſe to give it a good reliſh and odour; after all is done you may ſtrain it and keep it for uſe being very reſtaurative and good for weak ſtomachs that cannot concoct hard meat.

If this be digeſted in a Pelican, or bolt head a fortnight, it will be far better.

After this manner may be preſerved

• Snails
• Worms, and ſuch like:

which are very medicinable.

A very excellent reſtorative Liquor.

Take of the heart, lungs, and liver of a Calf, the ſame parts of a Fox new killed, cut them ſmal, put to them a quart of Shel Snails wel ſcoured in ſalt water; let them be put into a copper veſſel tinned within ſide, and covered cloſe that no vapour come forth, ſet this veſſel over the vapour of ſeething water, and in 24 hours or thereabouts, they wil be for the moſt part of them turned into a Liquor of themſelves; then take out this Liquor and put it into a large Pelican, or Bolt-head, putting to them a quart of old Mallago wine, Roſemary flowers, Betony flowers, Marygold flowers, Marſh wallow-flowers, of each a handful, half a pound of Raiſins of the Sun ſtoned, Mace and Nutmeg of each two drams: digeſt all theſe together the ſpace of a fortnight, then pour off that which is clear from the feces and ſweeten it with ſugar, or ſyrup of Gilly flowers, and let the Patient thereof five or fix ſpoonfuls, three or four times in a day.

This Liquor recovereth the decaying ſtrength wonderfully; they that by reaſon of their weakneſs, can neither eat or digeſt any manner of common meat, will in a ſhort time be ſenſibly ſtrengthened if they drink a quarter of a pint of this morning and evening.

It is very good in conſumptions, and repairs the radical moiſture marvellouſly.

A Balſame made of Bears fat.

Take of Bears fat a pound, diſtil it in a Retort, and rectifie it three or four times: to this thus rectified put the tincture of Roſemary and Sage made with ſpirit of Wine, of each three ounces, mix them wel together, in theſe infuſe Cloves, Cinnamon, Saffron, Nutmegs, of each three drams, in warm aſhes the ſpace of a night, then ſtrain them and put to the oyl four ounces of the beſt wax melted, and mingled wel together.

This is a moſt incomparable balſame for the Gout, and Palſie.

The Oyl of Snakes and Adders.

Take Snakes or Adders when they are fat, which will be in June or July, cut off their heads and take off their skins, and unbowel them, and put them into a glaſs gourd; and pour on ſo much of the pure ſpirit of Wine wel rectified, that it may cover them four or five fingers breadth; ſtop the glaſs wel, and ſet it in Balneo til all their ſubſtance be turned into an oyl, which keep wel ſtopt for your uſe.

This oyl doth wonderfull cures in recovering hearing in thoſe that be deaf, if a few drops thereof be put warm into the ears.

A Noble man of Germany that was famous for curing the deaf uſed this as his chiefeſt medicine, by which they ſay he cured thoſe that were born deaf.

The Quinteſſence of Snakes, Adders, or Vipers.

Take of the biggeſt and fatteſt Snakes, Adders, or Vipers, which you can get in June or July, cut off their heads, take off their skins, and unbowel them, then cut them into ſmal pieces, and put them into a glaſs of a wide mouth, and ſet them in a warm Balneo, that they may be well dryed, which wil be done in three or four days. Then take them out, and put them into a bolt head, and pour on them of the beſt alcolizated Wine as much as wil cover them ſix or eight fingers breadth. Stop the glaſs hermetically, and digeſt them fifteen days in Balneo, or ſo long til the Wine be ſufficiently covered, which pour forth; then pour on more of the foreſaid ſpirit of Wine til all the quinteſſence be extracted: Then put all the tinged ſpirits together: and draw off the ſpirit in a gentle Balneo, til it be thick at the bottome, on this pour ſpirit of Wine Caryophyllated, and ſtir them wel together, and digeſt them in a Circulatory ten days, then abſtract the ſpirit of Wine, and the quinteſſence remaineth at the bottome perfect.

This quinteſſence is of extraordinary vertue for the purifying of the bloud, fleſh, and skin, and conſequently of all diſeaſes therein. It cures alſo the Falling-ſickneſs, and ſtrengthens the brain, ſight, and hearing, and preſerveth from Gray hairs, reneweth Youth, preſerveth Women from Abortion, cureth the Gout, Conſumption, cauſeth ſweat, is very good in, and againſt peſtilential infections.

Viper wine is made thus.

Take the beſt fat Vipers, cut off their heads, take off their skins, and unbowel them, then put them into the beſt Canary Sack; four or ſix according to their bigneſs, into a gallon: Let them ſtand two or three months, then draw off your wine as you drink it.

Some put them alive into the Wine, and there ſuffocate them, and afterwards take them out, and cut off their heads, take off their skins, and unbowel them, and then put them into the ſaid Wine again, and doe as before.

This Wine hath the ſame vertue as the foregoing quinteſſence, it alſo provoketh to Venery, and cures the Leproſie, and ſuch like corruption of bloud.

Kunrath's famous Water, called Aqua Magnanimitatis.

Take of Piſmires or Ants (the biggeſt, that have a ſowriſh ſmel, are the beſt) two handſuls, ſpirit of wine a gallon, digeſt them in a glaſs veſſel cloſe ſhut the ſpace of a month, in which time they wil be diſſolved into a Liquor, then diſtil them in Balneo til all be dry. Then put the ſame quantity of Ants as before, digeſt and diſtil them in the ſaid Liquor as before: doe this three times, then aromatize the ſpirit with ſome Cinnamon.

Note that upon the ſpirit will float an oyl, which muſt be ſeparated.

This ſpirit is of excellent uſe to ſtir up the Animal ſpirit: in ſo much that John Caſimire Palſgrave of the Rhene and Seyfrie of Collen, Generall againſt the Turks, did always drink of it when they went to fight, to encreaſe magnanimity and courage, which it did even to admiration.

This ſpirit doth alſo wonderfully irritate them that are ſlothfull to Venery.

It alſo provoketh Urine even to admiration.

It doth alſo wonderfully irritate the ſpirits that are dulled, and deaded with any cold diſtemper.

This oyl doth the ſame effects, and indeed more powerfully.

This oyl doth beſides what is ſpoken of the ſpirit, help deafneſs exceedingly, two or three drops being dropped into the ear after it is wel ſyringed, once in a day, for a week together.

It helpeth alſo the Eyes that have any film growing on them, being now and then dropped into them.

Another-Aqua Magnanimitatis is made thus.

Take of Ants or Piſmires a handful, of their Eggs two hundred, of Millepedes i. e. Wood lice one hundred, of Bees one hundred and fifty, digeſt all theſe in two pints of ſpirit of wine being very well impregnated with the brighteſt Soot. Digeſt them together the ſpace of a month, then pour of the clear Spirit, and keep it ſafe.

This water or ſpirit is of the ſame vertue as the former.

Water of Dung is made thus.

Take of any dung as much as thou pleaſeſt, whileſt it is freſh, put it into a common cold Stil, and with a ſoft fire diſtil it off; it wil be beſt if the bottome of the Stil be ſet over a vapour; if thou wouldſt have it be ſtronger, cohobate the ſaid water over its feces ſeveral times: for we ſee there is great vertue in dung, it makes ground fertil, and many ſorts thereof are very medicinable.

A water of Doves dung is made thus.

Take of Doves dung dryed as much as you pleaſe, to every pound put a pint of Rheniſh wine, in which let it ſteep all night in a gentle Balneo, then diſtil it in a glaſs gourd in aſhes: Cohobate this Liquor three times, if there be any volatile ſalt mix it with the water.

This water is very excellent againſt all obſtructions of the kidneys, bladder, it helpeth the Jaundies preſently, two or three ſpoonful thereof being drank once every morning and evening.

A Water made of Horſe dung.

Take of the dung of a horſe that is fed in the ſtable as much as you pleaſe, let it ſtand two days out of the Sun, and out of the wet, to every pound of this pour a pint of white wine, let them ſtand in a warm Balneo a fortnight; then diſtil them in a glaſs gourd in ſand, cohobate this three or four times; if there be any volatile ſalt, mix it with the water.

This Water is very excellent againſt the baſtard pleuriſie, ſtitches, wind, obſtruction of the reins, bladder, very good in a dropſie, jaundies, ſcurvy, &c. If three or four ſpoonfuls be taken every morning in the water of Juniper berries, it alſo cauſeth ſweat.

A Water ſmelling like Amber, made by Paracelſus out of Cow dung.

Take of Cow dung and diſtil it in Balneo, and the water thereof will have the ſmell of Amber gryſe.

This water is very excellent in all inward inflammations.

An excellent Sudorifick made of the young buds of Harts horn.

Take of the young buds of Harts horn, whileſt they are ful of bloud and moiſt; bruiſe them into a paſte, then mix as much Canary wine as will make a very thin paſte, diſtil them in aſhes till they be very dry.

This is an excellent Sudorifick in all burning Feavers and Epidemical diſeaſes; if a ſpoonful be taken by it ſelf, or in any appropriated Liquor.

Oyl out of Bones and Horns, is made thus.

Take of what bones you pleaſe, reduce them to a groſs powder, put them into a Retort, putting a ſtrong fire by degrees thereunto; and there will come forth an oyl, and volatile ſalt, both which thou mayeſt mix together, and digeſt them into an eſſence, the oyl being firſt rectified with ſpirit of wine.

The Water of Swallows againſt the Falling ſickneſſe.

Take of Swallows, cut them into pieces without ſeparating any thing from them, ſix ounces, of Caſtoreum cut ſmall an ounce, mix them together, infuſe them 12 hours in half a pin[•] of Canary wine, then put them into a glaſs gourd and diſtill them in ſand till all be dry, then cohobate the Liquor three times.

This water being drank to the quantity of two ſpoonfull every morning, cureth them that have the Falling ſickneſs.

Oyl out of Egs is made thus.

Take of the yelks of egs boyled very hard, rub them in pieces with your fingers, then fry them in a pan over a gentle fire, continually ſtirring them with a ſpoon til they become red, and the oyl be reſolved, and flow from them; then put them into a hair cloth, and ſo preſſe forth the oyl.

This oyl cleanſeth the skin from any filthineſſe contracted by heat; it cureth puſtles, chaps, excoriations, ring-worms, but eſpecially all burnings.

A Water of the whites of Eggs that will cure a wound without any viſible ſcarre.

Take as many eggs as you pleaſe, boyl them very hard, then cut them in the middle and take out the yelks, filling up the cavities with ſome of thoſe whites being firſt bruiſed into a paſte, then put both ſides of the egg together as before, and tye them together with a thread, and with a ſtring hang them in the middle of a gourd glaſs that they touch not the ſides, ſtop this glaſs very cloſe and ſet it in Balneo, and you ſhall ſee thoſe whites which were bruiſed drop down into a Liquor: which you muſt gather up out of the bottome of the glaſs, and keep.

You will have very little of this Liquor.

This Liquor applyed to any green wound with a feather cures it preſently whereſoever it be, without any viſible ſcar. It cures moſt wonderfully all wounds in the eyes.

A Water of Crabs is made thus.

Take Crabs or Craw-fiſh, as many as you pleaſe, break them to pieces, then macerate them in water of Sengreen for the ſpace of a day, then diſtil them, cohobate the water three times.

This Water is of ſingular vertue in all manner of inflammations inward and outward.

An Oylor Liquor is made out of Crabs eyes thus.

Take of Crabs eyes very finely powdered five parts, oyl of Tartar Per Deliquium ſix parts (This oyl of Tartar muſt be made of ſalt of Tartar after it hath flowed in the fire) digeſt them in horſe dung the ſpace of a month, then coagulate the Liquor and make an extraction with the beſt rectified ſpirit of Wine that can be made (or elſe you loſe your labour) then evaporate the ſpirit of Wine, and there remaines an oyl at the bottome.

This oyl is of wonderful vertue in all putrid Feavers, and ſuch like diſtempers, alſo in all obſtructions, eſpecially of the Kidneys.

Water of Spawn of Frogs is made thus.

Take of the Spawn of Frogs gathered in March, as much as you pleaſe, put a handful of Salt to every quart, and put them into a common cold Still and with a gentle fire diſtil off the water till no more will diſtill.

A compound water of the Sperm of Frogs.

Take of the ſperm of Frogs gathered in March about the new of the Moon, four pound, of Cow dung freſh, ſix pound, mix them well together, and let them ſtand the ſpace of a day, then diſtil them in aſhes.

This water allays all hot pains both inward, and outward, eſpecially of the Gout.

Another compound water of the ſperm of Frogs.

Take of the Sperm of Frogs gathered in March, two pound, and half, the Urine of a young man three pints, new Treacle two ounces and a half, white Vitrial, Salt, Allum, of each four ounces, then diſtil them, and put to the water an ounce and half of the Salt of Vitriall, Camphire, and Saffron, of each an ounce.

This water being applyed outwardly helpeth all pains, eſpecially of the Gout, and ſuch like, alſo allayeth hot or cold ſwellings; It alſo ſtancheth bleeding.

A Miſcellany of Spagyricall Experiments and Curioſities.

BOOK V.

The Spagyricall Anatomie of Water.

WAter ſeems to be a body ſo very Homogeneall, as if neither Nature or Art could diſcover any Heterogeneity in the parts thereof: thus indeed it ſeems to the eye of the vulgar, but to that of a Philoſopher far otherwiſe, as I ſhall endeavor to make credible by preſenting to your conſideration a twofold proceſs of the diſcovering the diſſimilary parts thereof; whereof the one is naturall only, and the other artificiall; But before I ſpeak of either, it muſt be premiſed, that in the element of Water there is great plenty of the ſpirit of the World, which is more predominant in it then in any other element, for the uſe and benefit of univerſall nature; and that this ſpirit hath three diſtinct ſubſtances, viz. Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury. Now by ſalt we muſt underſtand a ſubſtance very dry, vitall, and radicall, having in it the beginning of corporiſication, as I may ſo call it: by Sulphur, a ſubſtance ful of light and vital heat, or vivifying fire, containing in it ſelf the beginning of motion: by Mercury, a ſubſtance abounding with radical moiſture, with which the Sulphur of life, or vital fire, is cheriſhed and preſerved. Now theſe ſubſtances which are in the Spirit of the World make all Fountaines, and Waters, but with ſome difference, according to the predominancy of either. This ſeveral predominancy therefore is the ground of the variety of productions; I ſay, of productions, becauſe all things are produced out of Water: for Water is both the Sperme, and the Menſtruum of the World; the former, becauſe it includes the ſeed of every thing; the latter, becauſe the Sperme of Nature is put refied in it, that the ſeed included in it ſhould be actuated, and take upon it the divers Formes of things; and becauſe by it the ſeed it ſelf, and all things produced of ſeed grow, and are encreaſed: Now this being premiſed, I ſhall ſhew you what the naturall proceſſe is, which I ſhal make plain by inſtancing in three ſeveral productions, viz. of the ſpawn of Frogs, of Stones, and of Vegetables.

The Spawne of Frogs is produced after this manner, viz. The Sulphur which is in the Water, being by the heat of the Sun reſolved, and diſſolved, is greedily, and with delight conceived by the Element of Water, even as the Sperme of a Male is by the Matrix of the Female, and that upon this account. The Water wants ſiccity, which the Sulphur hath, and therefore exceedingly deſiring it, doth greedily attract it to it ſelf: Sulphur alſo wants humidity, and therefore attracts the humidity of the Water: Moreover the humidity of the Water hath the humidity of the Salt laid up occultly in it: alſo the Sulphur cheriſheth the humidity of the fire, and deſires nothing more then the humidity of the Salt, that is in the Water. Sulphur alſo contains the ſiccity of the Salt, whence it is that Salt requires a ſiccity from the Sulphur. And thus do theſe attractive vertues mutually act upon each others ſubject. Now by this means there is a conception made in the water which now begins to be turgid, puffed up, and troubled, as alſo to be groſſer, and more ſlimie, until out of the ſpermatick veſſels the ſpermes be caſt upward, in which ſpermes after a while appeare black ſpecks, which are the ſeed of the Frogs, and by the heat of the Sun, are in a ſhort time turned into the ſame; by which it appears there are diſſimilary parts in Water.

2 Stones are produced out of Water that hath a Mucilaginous Mercury, which the Salt, with which it alſo abounds, fixeth into Stones. This you may ſee cleared by putting ſtones into the water, for they wil after a time contract a mucilaginous ſlimy matter, which being taken out of the water and ſet in the Sun, becomes to be of a ſtony nature. And whence come thoſe ſtones, gravel, and ſand which we ſee in Springs? they are not waſhed down out of the Mountains and Hils (as ſome think) from whence the waters ſpring, neither were they in the earth before the Springs brake forth, (as ſome imagine) and now appear by waſhing away of the earth from them; for if you dig round about the ſprings, even beyond the heads of them, you ſhal find no ſtones at all in the earth, only in the veins thereof through which the water runs; Now the reaſon of the ſmalneſſe of theſe ſtones, is the continual motion of the water, which hinders them from being united into a continued bigneſſe. I ſhall make a further confirmation of this in the artificial proceſſe of manifeſting the Heterogeneity of Water. I ſhal here only adde the aſſertion of He[••]ont, ſaying that with his Altaheſt all ſtones, and indeed all things may be turned into Water? If ſo, then you know what the Maxime is, viz. All things may be reſolved into that from whence they had their beginning.

3 Vegetables are produced out of Water, as you may clearly ſee by the Waters ſending forth Plants that have no roots fixed in the bottome; of which ſort is the Heart called Duck-weed, which putteth forth a little ſtring into the Water, which is as it were the root thereof. For the confirmation of this, that this Heart may be produced out of meer Water, there is a Gentleman at this time in the City, of no ſmall worth, that ſaith he had fair water ſtanding in a glaſs divers yeares, and at laſt a Plant ſprang out of it. Alſo if you put ſome Plants, as Water-mint, &c. into a glaſs of fair water, it wil germinate, and ſhoot out into a great length, and alſo take root in the Water, which root will in a ſhort time be ſo encreaſed, and extended, as to fill up the glaſs: but you muſt remember that you put freſh water into the glaſſe once in two or three dayes. Hereunto alſo may be added the experiment of Helmont, concerning the growth of a tree; For (ſaith he) I took two hundred pound weight of earth dryed in an oven, and put it into a veſſel, in which I ſet a Willow tree which weighed five pound, which by the addition of water to the earth, did in five yeares time grow to ſuch a bigneſſe, as that it weighed one hundred ſixty nine pound; at which time I alſo dryed and weighed the earth, and within two ounces it retained its former weight. Beſides, the ancients have obſerved that ſome Hearbs have grown out of ſnow being putrefied: and do not we ſee that all Vegetables are nouriſhed, and increaſed with an inſipid water, for what elſe is their juice? If you cut a Vine in the month of March, it wil drop divers gallons of inſipid water, which water if it had remained in the trunk of the Vine, would in a little time have been digeſted into leaves, ſtalks, and grapes, which grapes alſo by a further maturation would have yeelded a Wine, out of which you might have extracted a burning ſpirit; Now I ſay although this inſipid water be by the ſpecificall Sulphur and Salt of the Vine fixed into the ſtalks, leaves, and grapes of the vine, yet theſe give it not a corporificative matter, for that it had before, and an aptitude and potentiality to become what afterwards it proves to be: for indeed ſtalks, leaves, and grapes were potentially in it before, all which now it becomes to be actually, by vertue of the Sun, and of the aforeſaid Sulphur and Salt, whereof the two latter were originally in the ſmal ſeed, and therefore as I ſaid could not adde any bulk to them.

Moreover doe not we ſee that when things are burnt and putrefied, they aſcend up into the air by way of vapour, and fume, and then deſcend by way of inſipid dew, or rain? Now what do all theſe ſignifie but that from water are all things produced, and in it are diſſimilary parts?

2 The artificiall proceſſe is this: take of what water you pleaſe, whether Well water, Fountaine, River, or Raine water, as much as you pleaſe, let it ſettle three or four houres, untill the ſlime thereof ſeparates it ſelfe: then digeſt it the ſpace of a month; after which time evaporate the fourth part, by a very gentle heat, and caſt it away being but the flegm, then diſtil off the remainder of the water till the feces only be left, which feces will be a ſlimy ſaltiſh ſubſtance: this middle ſubſtance diſtill again as before, caſting away every time the fourth part, as flegme, and keeping the feces by themſelves for a further uſe; and this doe ſeven times. Note that after the fourth or fifth diſtillation the water will diſtil over like milke, colouring the head of your Still ſo that it can hardly be waſhed or ſcoured off. This pure water after the ſeventh diſtillation will leave no feces behind: and if you digeſt it three months it will be coagulated into Stones and Cryſtals, which ſome magnifie very much for the cure of inward, and outward putrefactions, out of which alſo may be made a diſſolving ſpirit. Note that as this water ſtands in digeſtion you may ſee divers curious colours. Now as for the feces which I ſpake of (which indeed all waters even the ſweeteſt leave at the bottome) being as I ſaid a ſaltiſh ſlime, and in taſte as it were a Medium betwixt Salt, and Nitre; take them and diſtill them in a Retort in ſand, and there will firſt come forth a white fume, which being condenſed deſcendeth in a ſtraight line to the bottome, next will come over a red Oyl of great efficacy, exceeding the vertues of the ſpirit of Salt or Nitre. For confirmation of part of this proceſſe, take May dew gathered in a morning (when it hath not rained the night before) and put it into a glaſs veſſel, covered with a parchment pricked full of holes, and ſet it in the heat of the Sun for the ſpace of four months, and there will ſtore of green feces fall to the bottome, the reſidue of the water being white and clear. Now by all this you may conclude what manner of diſſimilarity there is in the parts of water. I ſhall adde but one obſervation more, and ſo conclude this ſubject.

Take a ſlint out of River water, and put it into a gourd glaſſe, poure upon it as much River Water as will fill the glaſſe, evaporate this water till the flint be drye, then poure on more freſh water, doe this ſo long till the flint will fill up the glaſs, (for in a little time it will fill it up, and become to be of the forme or figure of the glaſſe) for it attracts to it ſelfe the mucilaginouſneſſe of the water, which indeed is a ſlimy ſaltiſh matter, and the true matter of Stones. And thus thou ſhalt have that done by Art in few dayes, which Nature would have been perfecting many yeares, and indeed juſt ſuch a flint as is produced in the Rivers. Any one that ſhould ſee this flint in the glaſſe would wonder how it ſhould come in there. You may break your glaſſe and take out the flint.

There are divers ſuch proceſſes which may be uſed, but in effect they demonſtrate but little more concerning the potentiall Heterogeneity of water, and therefore to avoid tediouſneſſe, I ſhall here end with the Anatomy of Water, concerning which if any one can make a further illuſtration, let him be candid and impart it, and I ſhall be glad to learn of him, and in the meane time let him accept of theſe my endeavours.

The Spagyricall Anatomy of Wine.

I Shall not ſpeak here of the juice of grapes as being naturally divided into Wine, Tartar, and Lees, but of Wine as artificially divided into pure Spirit, Flegm, and Feces.

1 The ſpirit is that hot, ſubtle, pure, clear, cordiall, and balſamicall ſubſtance, which ariſeth with a ſmall heat after four or five diſtillations, being indeed but the twentieth part of the Wine. This ſpirit is not that inebriating ſubſtance of the Wine as moſt think, for a man may drink the ſpirit that is extracted out of ten pints of Wine without diſtempering of his br[•]in at all, when as perhaps he would be diſtempered with drinking a pint or two of the Wine.

Now this ſpirit contains in it a ſubtle Armoniack, and eſſentiall Sulphur inſeparably conjoined, which indeed are the life of the ſpirit, and may be ſeparated from the Mercuriall or watery part thereof, which after ſeparation of them remains inſpid, but yet of wonderfull ſubtility. They may be ſeparated thus: Firſt rectifie the ſpirit as high as you can the ordinary way: then rectifie it once or twice in th[•]ſe following veſſels.

Note that if there be any flegm remaining in the ſpirit, it wil go no further then the middle Receiver, eſpecially the ſecond time. By this means thou ſhalt have ſo ſubtle a ſpirit, that unleſs it be kept in a veſſell cloſe ſtopt, it will flye away in the air. Then take of this ſpirit two ounces, and poure it upon ſix ounces of calcined Tartar before the ſalt be extracted, and mingle them well together; then diſtill it in Balneo, and there will [••]me over an inſipid water, which as I ſaid before is very ſubtle, then put on a like quantity of the ſaid ſpirit, as before, and diſtil it off, and thus do ſo long til the water that comes over is not inſipid, but the ſpirit comes over again hot as it was poured on: for by this time the fixed matter is glutted with the ſalt Armoniack, and Sulphur of the ſpirit. Then put this dryed matter into a glaſſe ſublimatory, and put fire to it, and there will ſublime a Salt from thence even as Camphire is ſublimed. This ſalt is the true eſſence of Wine indeed, and its vertues are wonderful, for there is no diſeaſe whether inward or outward that can withſtand it. This is that eſſence of Wine of the Philoſophers, which is ſo penetrating, ſo wonderful cordial and balſamical, which if thou doeſt once obtain, thou ſhalt need but few other medicines.

Now this ſpirit or Aqua vitae, is in all Vegetables, as you may ſee in Malt, and Vegetables that are put refied before they be diſtilled, which then yeeld a burning ſpirit; yet it is in Wine more then in any other Liquors: I ſay Liquors, for if you take eight gallons of Sack, and as much Wheat, which is a ſolid body, the Wheat being malted, will yeeld more Aqua vitae then the Sack.

2 The flegm is that which remains after the ſpirit is diſtilled off, and is a putrid, inſipid, cold, narcotick, and inebriating Liquor, debilitating the ſtomach and offending the head. A few ſpoonfuls of this will preſently make a man drunk, nay the flegm of half a pint of Wine will make a man drunk, when as two pints of Wine it ſelfe would hardly doe it: whence you may collect what a great corrector of Malignant ſpirits, and vapours the ſpirit of Wine is; which, whileſt it is mixed with the flegm before diſtillation, doth temper and correct this inebriating quality thereof, and as it doth thus, ſo alſo being given (I mean the pure deflegmated ſpirit) to them that are already inebriated, doth much allay their diſtemper. This flegm therefore being of ſo narcotick a quality is the cauſe of Palſies, and ſuch like diſtempers.

Moreover it is to be obſerved that when this flegm is to be diſtilled off, there remains at the bottom a viſcous corroſive matter, which by reaſon of its viſcoſity is the cauſe of obſtructions, and by reaſon of its corroſiveneſſe the cauſe of the gout, colick, ſtone, &c.

3 This feces being diſtilled yeelds a ſharp ſpirit, and fetid oyl, which leave behind them a ſaltiſh ſubſtance, out of which when the ſalt is extracted, there remains an inſipid earth.

Now if any ſhall object againſt what I have aſſerted, and ſay that Aqua vitae, or ſpirit of Wine are inebriating, the cauſes of Palfie, ſtone, gout, colick, weak ſtomachs, and ſuch like: as we ſee by dayly experience in thoſe that are given to the drinking of theſe Liquors: to which I anſwer it is true: but then I muſt diſtinguiſh of Aqua vitae, and ſpirit of Wine, for there is a common Aqua vitae, and ſpirit of Wine, of which alſo they make Aniſeed water by putting a few Aniſeeds thereunto, and other ſuch like waters, as Clove, Angelica, Lemmon, &c. With which this Nation is moſt abominably cheated, and their health impaired. But theſe are not rectified throughly, but three parts of four of them are an inſipid Narcotick flegm, containing in it the feces I ſpake of, all which I can in a day ſeparate from the true pure ſpirit, which ſpirit rather prevents then cauſes ſuch diſtempers: And the truth is, all the goodneſſe of the Wine is from this pure ſpirit.

The famous Arcanum, or reſtorative Medicament of Paracelſus, called his Homunculus.

FIrſt we muſt underſtand that there are three acceptions of the word Homunculus in Paracelſus, which are theſe.

1 Homunculus is a ſuperſtitious image made in the place or name of any one, that it may contain an Aſtrall and inviſible man; wherefore it was made for a ſuperſtitious uſe.

2 Homunculus is taken for an artificiall man, made of Sperm̄a humamum Maſculinum, digeſted into the ſhape of a man, and then nouriſhed and encreaſed with the eſſence of mans bloud; and this is not repugnant to the poſſibility of Nature and Art. But is one of the greateſt wonders of God which he ever did ſuffer mortall man to know. I ſhall not here ſet down the full proceſſe becauſe I think it unfit to be done, at leaſt to be divulged: beſides, neither this nor the former is for my preſent purpoſe.

3 Homuncu[•]us is taken for a moſt excellent Arcanum or Medicament extracted by the ſpagyricall Art, from the chiefeſt ſtaffe of the naturall life in man, and according to this acception I ſhall here ſpeak of it: But before I ſhew you the proceſſe I ſhall give you an account why this Medicament is called Homunculus; and it is this.

No wiſe man will deny that the ſtaffe of life is the nutriment thereof, and that the chiefeſt nutriment is Bread and Wine, being ordained by God and Nature above all other things for the ſuſtentation thereof. Beſides Paracelſus preferred this nutriment for the generation of the bloud and ſpirits, and the forming thence the Sperm of this Homunculus. Now by a ſutable alluſion the nutriment is taken for the life of man, and eſpecially becauſe it is tranſmuted into life: and again the life is taken for the man, for unleſſe a man be alive he is not a man, but the carcaſſe only of a man, and the baſeſt part thereof, which cannot perfectly be taken for the whole man, as the nobleſt part may. In as much therefore as the nutriment, or aliment of life may be called the life of man, and the life of man be called man; this nutriment extracted out of Bread and Wine, and being by digeſtion exalted into the higheſt purity of a nutritive ſubſtance, and conſequently becoming the life of man, being ſo potentially, may Metaphorically be called Homunculus.

The proceſſe, which in part ſhall be ſet down allegorically is thus: Take the beſt Wheat and the beſt Wine, of each a like quantity, put them into a glaſſe, which you muſt hermetically cloſe: then let them putrefie in horſe dung three days, or until the Wheat begin to germinate, or to ſprout forth, which then muſt be taken forth and bruiſed in a Mortar, and be preſſed through a linnen cloth, and there will come forth a white juice like milk; you muſt caſt away the feces: Let this juice be put into a glaſſe, which muſt not be above half full; ſtop it cloſe and ſet it in horſe dung as before, for the ſpace of fifty days. If the heat be temperate, and not exceeding the naturall heat of a man, the matter will be turned into a ſpagyricall bloud, and fleſh, like an Embryo. This is the principal, and next matter, out of which is generated a twofold ſperm, viz. of the father and mother, generating the Homunculus, without which there can be made no generation, whether humane, or animall.

From the bloud, and fleſh of this Embryo let the water be ſeparated in Balneo, and the air in aſhes, and both be kept by themſelves. Then to the feces of the latter diſtillation let the water of the former diſtillation be added, both which muſt (the glaſſe being cloſe ſtopt) putrefie in Balneo the ſpace of ten days, after this diſtill the water the ſecond time, (which is then the vehiculum of the firſt) together with the fire, in aſhes, then diſtill off this water in a gentle Balneo, and in the bottom remains the fire which muſt be diſtilled in aſhes. Keep both theſe a part. And thus you have the four Elements ſeparated from the Chaos of the Embryo.

The feculent earth is to be reverberated in a cloſe veſſel for the ſpace of four dayes: In the interim diſtil off the fourth part of the firſt diſtillation in Balneo, and caſt it away; the other three parts diſtill in aſhes, and pour it upon the reverberated earth, and diſtill it in a ſtrong fire; cohobate it four times, and ſo you ſhall have a very clear water, which you muſt keep by it ſelf: Then pour the air on the ſame earth, and diſtil it in a ſtrong fire, and there will come over a clear, ſplendid, odoriferous water, which muſt be kept apart: After this pour the fire upon the firſt water, and putrefie them together in Balneo the ſpace of three days, then put them into a Retort and diſtil them in ſand, and there will come over a water taſting of the fire: let this water be diſtilled in Balneo, and what diſtils off keep by it ſelf, as alſo what remains in the bottome, which is the fire, keep by it ſelf. This laſt diſtilled water pour again upon its earth, and let them be macerated together in Balneo for the ſpace of three dayes, and then let all the water be diſtilled in ſand, and let what will ariſe be ſeparated in Balneo, and the reſidence remaining in the bottome be reſerved with the former reſidence. Let the water be again poured upon the earth, be abſtracted, and ſeparated as before, untill nothing remain in the bottom, which is not ſeparated in Balneo. This being done, let the water which was laſt ſeparated be mixed with the reſidue of its fire, and be macerated in Balneo three or four dayes, and all be diſtilled in Balneo, that can aſcend with that heat, and let what remains be diſtilled in aſhes from the fire, and what ſhall be elevated is aeriall; and what remains in the bottome is fiery. Theſe two laſt Liquors are aſcribed to the two firſt principles, the former to Mercury, and the latter to Sulphur, and are accounted by Paracelſus, not as Elements, but their vitall parts, being as it were the natural ſpirits and ſoul, which are in them by nature. Now both are to be rectified, and reflected into their center with a circular motion, that this Mercury may be prepared with its water being kept clear, and odoriferous in the upper place, but the Sulphur by it ſelf. Now it remains that we look into the third principle: let the reverberated earth being ground upon a marble imbibe its owne water, which did above remain after the laſt ſeparation of the Liquors made in Balneo, ſo that this be the fourth part of the weight of its earth, and be congealed by the heat of aſhes into its earth, and let this be done ſo oft, the proportion being obſerved, untill the earth hath drunk up all its water. And laſtly let this earth be ſublimed into a white powder, as white as ſnow, the feces being caſt away. This earth being ſublimed and freed from its obſcurity is the true Chaos of the Elements, for it contains thoſe things occult, ſeeing it is the ſalt of nature, in which they lye hid, being as it were reflected in their center. This is the third principle of Paracelſus, and the ſalt, which is the matrix, in which the two former ſperms, viz. of the man and woman, the parents of the Homunculus, viz. of Mercury and Sulphur, are to be put, and to be cloſed up together in a glazen womb ſealed with Hermes ſeals for the true generation of the Homunculus produced from the ſpagyricall Embryo: and this is the Homunculus or great Arcanum, otherwiſe called the nutritive Medicament of Paracelſus.

This Homunculus or nutritive Medicament, is of ſuch vertue that preſently after it is taken into the body, it is turned into bloud, and ſpirits. If then diſeaſes prove mortall becauſe they deſtroy the ſpirits, what mortal diſeaſe can withſtand ſuch a medicine, that doth ſo ſoon repair, and ſo ſtrongly fortifie the ſpirits as this Homunculus being as the oyl to the flame, into which it is immediately turned, thereby renewing the ſame? By this Medicament therefore, as diſeaſes are overcome, and expelled, ſo alſo youth is renewed, and gray hairs prevented.

An Artificiall way to make Fleſh.

TAke of the crums of the beſt wheaten bread aſſoon as it comes forth out of the Oven being very hot, as much as you pleaſe, put it into a glaſſe veſſell, which you muſt preſently hermetically cloſe. Then ſet it in digeſtion in a temperate Balneo, the ſpace of two months, and it will be turned into a fibrous fleſh.

If any Artiſt pleaſe to exalt it to a higher perfection according to the Rules of Art, he may find out, how great a nouriſher, and reſtorative Wheat is, and what an excellent medicine it may make.

Note that there muſt be no other moiſture put into the glaſs beſides what is in the bread it ſelf.

Paracelſus his way for the raiſing of a dead bird to life, and for the generating many Serpents of one, both which are performed by putrefaction.

A Bird is reſtored to life thus, viz. Take a Bird, put it alive into a gourd glaſſe, and ſeal it up hermetically, burn it to aſhes in the third degree of fire, then putrefie it in horſe dung into a mucilaginous flegm, and ſo by a continued digeſtion that flegm muſt be brought to a further maturity (being taken out, and put into an ovall veſſell of a juſt bigneſſe to hold it) by an exact digeſtion, and will ſo become a renewed bird: which ſaith Pa[•]acelſus is one of the greateſt wonders in Nature, and ſhews the great vertue of putrefaction.

2 Cut a Serpent into ſmall pieces, which put into a gourd glaſſe which you muſt Hermetically ſeal up, then putrefie them in horſe dung, and the whole Serpent will become living again in the glaſſe, in the form either of worms or ſpawne of fiſhes; Now if theſe worms be in a fitting manner, brought out of putrefaction, and nouriſhed; many hundred Serpents will be bred out of one Serpent, whereof every one will be as big as the firſt. And as it is ſaid of the Serpent, ſo alſo many other living creatures may be raiſed, and reſtored again.

To make an artificiall Mallago Wine.

Firſt take a wine barrell well hooped and dreſſed, with one end being open, to which a cloſe cover muſt be well fitted, which muſt be to take off and put on at pleaſure. Set it in a warm place Winter or Summer, and fill it full with clear and pure water, to each three gallons, put ſix pound of the beſt Mallago Raiſins, which you muſt bruiſe in a ſtone Mortar, and then ſtrow upon the water, upon each twenty gallons of which you muſt caſt a handfull of Calxvive, then cover the veſſell cloſe with the cover, and caſt clothes upon it to keep it warm, and let it ſtand four or five dayes to work as Wine or Beer doe when they be new: then ſee if the Raiſins be riſen up to the top of the Water; if ſo, then put them down again, and cover it again as before; let them thus ſtand three weeks or a month together, the Raiſins being every fourth or fifth day put down in caſe they riſe up. Then put a tap into the veſſell three or four fingers above the bottome, and try if it be good, and taſte like Wine; if not, let it ſtand a while longer, but if ſo, draw it off into another wine veſſell, and to every twenty gallons that you have drawn off, put a pint of the beſt Aqua vitae, two new laid Hen-egs, and a quart of Alligant beaten well together, and let it ſtand in a cellar as other wine doth, till it be clear and fit to be drunk.

To make an artificiall Claret wine.

Take ſix gallons of water, two gallons of the beſt Cidar, put thereunto eight pound of the beſt. Mallago Raiſins bruiſed in a Mortar, let them ſtand cloſe covered in a warm place the ſpace of a fortnight, every two days ſtirring them well together, then preſſe out the Raiſins and put the Liquor into the ſaid veſſell again: to which adde a quart of the juice of Raſp-berries, and a pint of the juice of Black cherries, cover this Liquor with Bread ſpread thick with ſtrong Muſtard, the Muſtard ſide being downward, and ſo let it work by the fire ſide three or four days, then tun it up, and let it ſtand a week, & then bottle it up. And it will taſte as quick as bottle-beer, and indeed become a very pleaſant drink, and indeed farre better, and wholſomer then our common Claret.

An artificiall Malmſey.

Take two gallons of Engliſh honey, put it into eight gallons of the beſt Spring water, ſet theſe in a veſſell over a gentle fire, when they have boyled gently an hour take them off, and when they be cold put them into a ſmal barrell or run let, hanging in the veſſell a bag of ſpices and ſet it in the cellar, and in half a year you may drink thereof.

To make an excellent aromaticall Hyppocras.

Take of Cinnamon two ounces, Ginger an ounce, Cloves and Nutmegs of each two drams, of white Pepper half a dram, of Cardamums two drams; of Musk Mallow ſeed, three ounces. Let all theſe be bruiſed, and put into a bag and hanged in ſix gallons of Wine. Note that you muſt put a weight in the bag to make it fink.

Some boyl theſe ſpices in Wine, which they then ſweeten with ſugar, and then let run through a Hyppocras bag, and afterwards bottle it up, and uſe when they pleaſe.

A ſingle Hypocras bag, or Manica Hippocratis.

When you would have this or any other Liquor to be very clear, you may uſe the triple Hypocras bag, for what feces paſſeth the firſt will ſtay in the ſecond, and what in the ſecond will ſtay in the laſt.

Note that theſe bags muſt be made of white Cotton.

A triple Hypocras bag is only one hanging above another after this manner.

To make an excellent Hypocras Wine in an inſtant.

Take of Cinnamon two ounces, Nurmegs, Ginger, of each half an ounce, Cloves two drams bruiſe theſe ſmall, then mix them with as as much Spirit of Wine as will make them into a paſte, let them ſtand cloſe covered in a glaſs the ſpace of ſix days in a cold place then preſſe ou[•] the Liquor, and keep it in a glaſs.

A few drops of this Liquor put into any Wine giveth it a gallant reliſh, and odour, and maketh it as good as any Hypocras whatſoever, and that in an inſtant.

Note that if the Wine be of it ſelfe harſh, it will not be amiſſe to ſweeten it with Sugar, for thereby it is made far more gratefull.

This alſo being put into Beer will make it very pleaſant, and aromaticall.

Another way to make Hypocras, or to make any Wine to taſt of any vegetable in an inſtant.

Take what Wine you pleaſe, and according as you would have it taſt of this or that ſpice, or any other vegetable, of one or more together, you may drop a few drops of the diſtilled oil of the ſaid ſpices, or vegetables into the Wine, and brew them well together, and you may make in an inſtant all ſorts of Hypocras or other Wines: as for example, if you would have Wormwood Wine, two or three drops of oil of Wormwood put into good Rheniſh-wine, being well brewed together, will make a Wormword Wine exceeding any that you ſhall meet withall in the Rheniſh-wine houſes.

To make a good Rasberry-wine.

Take a gallon of Sack, in which let two gallons of Raſpberries ſtand ſteeping the ſpace of twenty four houres; then ſtrain them, and put to the Liquor three pound of Raiſins of the ſun ſtoned; let them ſtand together foure or five days, bring ſometimes ſtirred together: Then pour off the cleareſt, and put it up in bottles, and ſet it in a cold place, If it be not ſweet enough you may adde ſome Sugar to it.

Two other wayes to make it all the year at an inſtant.

Take of the juice of Raſpberries, put it into a bottle, which you muſt ſtop cloſe, and ſet in a cellar, and it will become clear, and keep all the year, and become very fragrant.

A few ſponfulls of this put into a pint of Wine ſweetned well with Sugar gives it an excellent and full taſt of the Raſpes.

If you put two or three ounces of the Syrup of Raſpes to a pint of Wine it will doe as well, but then you need uſe no other Sugar, for that will ſweeteen it ſufficiently.

To make Mead or Metheglin that it ſhall taſt ſtale and quick within a fortnight and be fit to drink.

To every three gallons of water, put one gallon of the pureſt Honey, put what hearbs and ſpices you pleaſe, boyl it, and skim it well, now and then putting in ſome water. When it is ſufficiently boyled take it off, and when it is almoſt cold, put it into a wooden veſſell, and ſet it by the ſire ſide, cover it over with Bread ſpread thick with the ſtrongeſt Muſtard, the Muſtard ſide being downwards, and ſo let it ſtand three dayes, and it will worke, only put a cloth over it: Then tunne it up, and after a week draw it forth into bottles, and ſet it into a cellar, and after a week more you may drink of it, for it will taſte as quick as bottle beer that is a fortnight old, and indeed as ſtale as other Mead will in half a year.

To make a Spirit of Amber-gryſe that a few drops thereof ſhall perfume a pint of Wine moſt richly.

Take of Amber-gryſe 2. drams, of Musk a dram, cut them ſmall, and put them into a pint of the b[•]ſt rectified Spirit of Wine, cloſe up the glaſſe Hermetically, and digeſt them in a very gentle heat till you perceive they are diſſolved. Then you may make uſe of it.

Two or three drops or more if you pleaſe of this Spirit put into a pint of Wine, gives it a rich odour.

Or if you put 2. or 3. drops round the brimmes of the glaſſe it will do as well.

Half a ſpoonfull of it taken either of it ſelf, or mixed with ſome ſpeciall Liquor, is a moſt rich Cordiall.

An excellent ſweet Water.

Take a quart of Orenge-flower water, as much Roſe-water, adde thereto of Musk-mallow ſeeds groſſely bruiſed four ounces, of B[•]njamin two ounces, of Storax an ounce, of Labdanum ſix drams, of Lavender flowers two pugills, of ſweet Marjoram as much, of Calamus Aromaticus a dram, diſtill all theſe in a Glaſſe Still in Balneo, the veſſels being very well cloſed that no vapour breath forth.

Note that you may make a ſweet water in an inſtant by putting a few drops of ſome diſtilled oils together into ſome Roſe-water, and brewing them well together.

To purifie and give an excellent ſmell, and tast unto oil Olive that they that loath it may delight to eat it.

Take of a good ſort of oil Olive though not of the beſt, put the ſame into a veſſell of earth or copper, that hath a little hole in the bottome thereof, which you may ſtop with wax or a cork to open at your pleaſure. In this veſſell for every quart of oil adde four quarts of fair water, and with a wood[•]n ſpatle or ſpoon, beat them well together for a quarter of an houres ſpace, and when you have ſo done, op[•]n the hole in the bottome, and let out the water, for the oil doth naturally fleet above, as being the lighter body▪ and aſſoon as the water is paſſ[•]d away, ſtop the hole, and put in other cold water, and begin a new agitation as before, and worke in the like manner divers times as you did at the firſt, till in the end the oil be well cleanſed and clarified. If the laſt time you work it with Roſe-water it will be ſo much the better then hang in the midſt of the oil a courſe bag full of Nutmegs ſliced, and Cloves bruiſed, and the rinds of Orenges and Lemons cut ſmall, and ſet the veſſell in Balneo for two or three hou[•]es, and I ſuppoſe he that loaths oil will be eaſily by this meanes drawn to a liking of it.

Another way.

Set oil Olive in the ſunne in ſummer-time untill there ſettle good ſtore of foule, and groſſe Lees, from the which by declination poure out the clear oil, and keep it till the next winter, and after the ſame hath been congealed with ſome froſty weather, the oil will be moſt ſweet, and delectable to the taſt.

After this manner you may clarifie all thick oils, and all kinds of greaſe, but then you muſt uſe warme water in ſtead of cold.

To purifie Butter that it ſhall keep freſh and ſweet a long time, and be moſt wonderfull ſweet in taſt.

Diſſolve butter in a clean glazed or ſilver veſſell and in a pan or kettle of water with a ſlow, and gentle fire, then pour the ſame ſo diſſolved into a baſon that hath ſome faire water therein, and when it is cold, take away the curds, and the whay that remain in the bottome. And if you will be at the charge thereof, you may the ſecond time for it muſt be twice diſſolved) diſſolve the Butter in Roſe-water, working them well together: the Butter thus clarified will be as ſwe[•]t in taſt as the marrow of any beaſt, by reaſon of the great impurity that is removed by this manner of handling the fift pa[•]t thereof being droſſe, which makes the Butter many times offenſive to the ſtomach.

To make Butter taſt of any vegetable without altering the colour thereof.

When the Butter is taken out of the cherne and well worked from the ſer[•]us part thereof, mix with the ſaid Butter as much of the oil o[•] that vegetable which you like beſt, till the ſame be ſtrong enough in taſt to your liking, then temper them well together.

If you do in the month of May mix ſome oil of Sage with your B[•]tter it may excuſe you from eating Sage with your butter.

If you mix the oil with the aforeſaid clarified Butter, it will be farre better, and ſerve for a moſt dainty diſh, and indeed a great rarity.

To make Cheeſe tast ſtrong of any vegetable without diſcolouring of it.

You may mix the diſtilled oil of what vegetable you would have the Cheeſe taſt of, with the curd, before the whay be preſſed out; but be ſure you mix them very well that all places may taſt alike of it; you may make it taſt ſtronger, or weaker of it as you pleaſe by putting in more or leſſe of the oil.

To purifie and refine Sugar.

Make a ſtrong Lixiuium of Calx vive, whereing diſſolve as much courſe Sugar as the Livivium will beare, then put in the white of Egges (of 2 to every part of the Liquor) being beaten into an oil, ſtir them well together, and let them boyl a little, and there will ariſe a ſcum which muſt be taken off as lo[•]g as any will ariſe, then poure all the Liquor through a great Wollen cloth bag, and ſo the feces will remain behinde in the bag, then boyl the Liquor again ſo long till ſome drops of it being put upon a cold plate will, when they be cold, be congealed as hard as ſalt. Then pour out the Liquor into pots, or moulds made for that purpoſe, having a hole in the narrower end thereof, which muſt be ſtopped for one night after, and after that night be opened, and there will a moiſt ſubſtance drop forth which is called Moloſſes, or Treakle, then with potters clay cover the ends of the pot, & as that clay ſinketh down by reaſon of the ſinking of the Sugar, fill them up with more clay, repeating the doing thereof till the Sugar ſhrink no more. Then take it out till it be hard, and dryed, then bind it up in papers.

To make a vegetabl[•] grow and become more glorious then any of its ſpecies.

Reduce any vagetable into its three firſt principles, and then joyne them together again being well purified, and put the ſame into a rich earth, and you ſhall have it produce a vegetable far more glorious then any of its ſpecies.

Note how to make ſuch an eſſence, look into the firſt book, and there you ſhall ſee the proceſſe thereof.

To make a Plant grow in two or three houres.

Take the aſhes of Moſſe, moiſten them with the juice of an old dunghill being firſt preſſed forth, and ſtreined, then dry them a little, and moiſten them as before, do this four or five times, put this mixture being neither very dry, nor very moiſt, into ſome earthen, or metalline veſſell; and in it ſet the ſeeds of Lettice, Purſlain or Parſly (becauſe they will grow ſooner then other Plants) being firſt in pregnated with the eſſence of a vegetable of its own ſpecies, (the proceſſe whereof you ſhall find Book 1. page 32, 33.) till they begin to ſprout forth, then I ſay, put them in the ſaid earth with that end upwards which ſprouts forth: Then put the veſſell into a gentle heat, and when it begins to dry, moiſten it with ſome of the ſaid joyce of dung.

Thou maieſt by this meanes have a Sallet grow whileſt ſupper is making ready.

To make the Idea of any Plant appear in a glaſſe, as if the very plant it ſelfe were there.

The proceſſe of this thou maiſt ſee, pag. 32. and therefore I need not here again repeat it, only remember that if you put the flame of a candle to the bo[•]tome of the glaſſe where the eſſence is, by which it may be made hot, you wil ſee that thin ſubſtance which is like impalpable aſhes or ſalt ſend forth from the bottome of the glaſſe the manifeſt forme of a vegetable, vegetating and growing by little, and little, and putting on ſo fully the forme of ſtalkes, leaves, and flowers in ſuch perfect, and naturall wiſe in apparent ſhew, that any one would believe verily the ſame to be naturally corporall, when as in truth it is the ſpirituall Idea, endued with a ſpirituall eſſence; which ſerveth for no other purpoſe, but to be matched with its fitting earth, that ſo it may take unto it ſelf a more ſolid body. This ſhadowed figure aſſoon as the veſſ[•]ll is taken from the fire, returnes to its aſhes again and vaniſheth away, becoming a Chaos, and confuſed matter.

To make Firre-trees appear in Turpentine.

Take as much Turpentine as you pleaſe, put it into a Retort, diſtill it by degrees, when all is diſtilled off▪ keep the Retort ſtill in a reaſonable heat, that what humidity is ſtill remaining may be evaporated, and it become dry: Then take this off from the fire and hold your hand to the bottome of the Retort, and the Turpentine that is dried (which is called Colophonia) will crack aſunder in ſeverall places, and in thoſe crackes or chaps you ſhall ſee the perfect effigies or Firre-trees which will there continue many moneths.

To make Harts-horn ſeemingly to grow in a glaſſe.

Take Harts-horn broken into ſmall pieces, and put them into a glaſſe Retort to be diſtilled, and you ſhall ſee the glaſſe to be ſeemingly full of horns, which will continue there ſo long till the volatile ſalt come over.

To make golden mountains as it were appeare in a glaſſe.

Take of Adders egges half a pound, put them into a glaſſe Retort, diſtill them by degrees, when all is dry, you ſhall ſee the feces at the bottome turgid, and puffed up, and ſeem to be as it were golden mountains, being very glorious to behold.

To make the repreſentation of the whole World in a Claſſe.

Take of the pureſt ſalt Nitre as much as you pleaſe, of Tin half ſo much, mix them together, and calcine them Hermetically, then put them into a Retort, to which ann[•]x a glaſſe receiver, and l[••]e them well together, let there be leaves of gold put into the bottome thereof, then put fire to the R[•]tort, untill vapours ariſe that will cleave to the gold: a[•]gment the fire till no more fumes aſcend, then take away the Receiver, and cloſe it Hermetically, and make a lamp fire under it, and you will ſee preſented in it the Sun, Moone, Stars, Fountains Flowers, Trees, fruits, and indeed even all things, which is a glorious ſight to behold.

To make four Elements appear in a glaſſe.

Take of the ſubtle powder of Jet an ounce and half, of the oil of Tartar made per Deliquium (in which there is not one drop of water beſides what the Tartar it ſelf contracted) two ounces, which you muſt colour with a light green with Vardegreaſe, of the pureſt Spirit of Wine ringed with a light blew with Indico, 2. ounces of the beſt rectified Spirit of Turpentine coloured with a light red with Madder 2. ounces. Put all theſe into a glaſſe, and ſhake them together, and you ſhall ſee the Jet which is heavy and black fall to the bottome and repreſent the earth; next, the oil of Tartar made green repreſenting the element of water, falls: upon that ſwims the blew ſpirit of Wine which will not mix with the oil of Tartar; and repreſents the element of air: uppermoſt will ſwim the ſubtle red oil of Turpentine which repreſents the element of fire.

It is ſtrange to ſee how after ſhaking all theſe together they will be diſtinctly ſeparated the one from the other. If it be well done, as it is eaſie enough to do, it is a moſt glorious [•]ight.

To make a perpetuall motion in a glaſſe.

Take ſeven ounces of Quickſilver, as much Tin, grinde them well together with fourteen ounces of Sublimate diſſolved in a cellar upon a Marble the ſpace of foure dayes, and it will become like oil Olive, which diſtill in ſand, and there will ſublime a dry ſubſtance, then put the water which diſtills off back upon the earth, in the bottome of the Still, and diſſolve what you can, filter it, and diſtill it again, and thi[•] do foure or five times, and then that earth will be ſo ſubtle, that being put into a viall the ſubtle atomes [•]hereof will move up and down for ever.

Note that the viall or glaſſe muſt be cloſe ſtopt, and kept in a dry place.

To make a Luminous Water that ſhall give light by night.

Take the tailes of Glo-wormes, put them into a glaſſe Still, and diſtill them in Balneo, pour the ſaid water upon more freſh tailes of Glo-wormes, do this four or five times, and thou ſhalt have a moſt Luminous Water, by which thou maiſt ſee to read in the dark night.

Some ſay this Water may be made of the Skins of Herring; and for ought I know it may be probable enough: for I have heard that a ſhole of Herrings coming by a ſhip in the night have given a great light to all the ſhip.

It were worth the while to know the true reaſon why Glowormes, and Herring and ſome other ſuch like things ſhould be luminous in the night.

To make a vapour in a chamber that he that enters into it with a candle ſhall thinke the room to be on fire.

Diſſolve Camphire in rectified Aqua vitae, and evaporate them in a very cloſe chamber where no air can get in, and he that firſt enters the chamber with a lighted candle will be much aſtoniſhed, for the chamber will ſeem to be full of fire, very ſubtle, but it will be of little continuance.

You muſt note that it is the combuſtible vapour, with which the chamber is filled, that takes flame from the candle.

Divers ſuch like experiments as this may be done, by putting ſuch a combuſtible vapour into a box, or cubboard or ſuch like, which will▪ aſſoon as any one ſhall open them having a candle in his hand, take fire, and burne.

To make a powder that by ſpitting upon ſhall be inflamed.

Take a Load-ſtone, powder it, and put it into a ſtrong calcining pot, cover it all over with a powder made of Calx vive, and Colophonia, of each a like quantity, put alſo ſome of this powder under it: when the pot is full cover it, and lute the cloſures with potters earth, put them into a furnace, and there let them boyl, then take them out and put them into another pot, and ſet them in the furnace again, and this doe till they become a very white and dry Calx. Take of this Calx one part, of ſalt Nitre being very well purified foure parts, and as much Camphire, Sulphur vivum, the oil of Turpentine, and Tartar, grind all theſe to a ſubtle powder and ſearſe them, and put them into a glaſſe veſſell, then put as much Spirit of wine well rectified, as will cover them two fingers breadth, then cloſe them up and ſet the veſſell in horſedung three moneths, and in that time they will all become an uniforme paſte: evaporate all the humidity, untill the whole maſſe become a very dry ſtone: then take it out and powder it, and keep it very dry.

If you take a little of this powder and ſpit upon it, or pour ſome water upon it, it will take fire preſently, ſo that thou maiſt light a match, or any ſuch thing by it.

To fortifie a Load-ſtone that it ſhall be able to draw a naile out of a piece of wood.

Take a Load-ſtone, and heat it very hot in coales, but ſo that it be not fired, then preſently quench it in the Oil of Crocus Martis made of the beſt ſteele, that it may imbibe as much as it can.

Thou ſhalt by this means make the Load-ſtone ſo very ſtrong and powerfull, that thou maiſt pull out nailes out of a piece of wood with it, and do ſuch wonderfull things with it that the common Load-ſtone can never do.

Now the reaſon of this (as Paracelſus ſaith) is becauſe the Spirit of Iron is the life of the Load-ſtone, and this may be extracted from, or increaſed in the Load-ſtone.

To make Quick-ſilver Malleable in ſeven houres.

Take of the beſt lead, and melt it, and poure it into a hole, and when it is almoſt congealed make a hole in it, and preſently fill up the hole with quick-ſilver, and it will preſently be congelated into a friable ſubſtance, then beat it into a powder, and put it again into a hole of freſh melted lead as before, do this 3, or 4, times, then boyl it being all in a piece in Linſeed oil the ſpace of ſix houres; then take it out and it will become malleable.

Note that after this, it may by being melted over the fire be reduced into quick-ſilver again.

A thin plate of the ſaid Mercury laid upon an inveterate Ulter takes away the malignity of it in a great meaſure, and renders it more curable then before.

A plate of the ſaid Mercury laid upon tumours would be a great deal better repercu[••]ive then plates of lead, which Chirurgeons uſe in ſuch caſes.

The powder of the friable ſubſtance of Mercury before it be boyled in the oil is very good to be ſtrewed upon old ulcers, for it doth much correct the virulency of them.

To reduce Glaſſe into its firſt principles, viz. ſand and ſalt.

Take bits or powder of Glaſſe as much as you pleaſe, as much of the Salt which Glaſſemen uſe in the making of Glaſſes: melt theſe together in a ſtrong fire: Then diſſolve all the melted maſſe in warme water, then pour off the water and you ſhall ſee no Glaſſe, but only ſand in the bottome, which ſand was that which was in the glaſſe before.

This con[•]utes the vulgar opinion, viz. that the fuſion of Glaſſe is the laſt fuſion, and beyond all reduction.

To write or engrave upon an egge, or peble, with wax or greaſe.

Make what letters or figures you pleaſe with wax, or greaſe, upon an egge or peble, put them into the ſtrongeſt Spirit of Vinegar, and there let them lye 2. or 3. dayes, and you ſhall ſee every place about the letters or figures eaten or conſumed away with the ſaid Spirit, but the place where the wax or greaſe was, not at all touched: the reaſon whereof is becauſe that the Spirit would not operate upon the ſaid oleaginous matter.

To make artificiall Pearle, as glorious as any orientall.

Diſſolve mother of Pearle in Spirit of vinegar, then precipitate it with Oil of Sulphur per Campanam, (and not with Oil of Tartar, for that takes away the ſplendour of it) which addes a luſtre to it: when it is thus precipitated, dry it, and mix it with whites of egges, and of this maſſe you may make Pearles of what [•]igneſſe or faſhion you pleaſe: before they be dryed you may make holes through them, and when they be dryed they will not at all, or very hardly be diſcerned from true, and naturall Pearles.

To make a Minerall perfume.

Diſſolve Antomony, or Sulphur in the Liquor or Oil of flints or pebles, or Cryſtalls, or ſand, coagulate the ſolution into a red maſſe, pour thereon the Spirit of urine, and digeſt them till the Spirit be tinged, then poure it off, and pour more on, till all the tincture be extracted, put all the tinctures together, and evaporate the Spirit of urine in Balneo, and there will remain a bloud red Liquor at the bottome, upon which pour Spirit of wine, & you ſhal extract a purer tincture, which ſmeleth like garlick, digeſt it three or four weeks, and it will ſmell like balme, digeſt it longer, and it will ſmell like Muske or Amber-gryſe.

Beſides the ſmell that it hath, it is an excellent Sudorifick, and cures all diſeaſes that require ſweat, as the plague, putrid feavers, lues venerea, and ſuch like.

The Oil or Liquor of ſand, flints, pebles, or Cryſtalls, for the aforeſaid preparation is thus made.

Take of the beſt ſalt of Tartar being very well, by two or three diſſolutions, and coagulations, purified, and powdered in a hot mortar, one part, of flints, pebles, or cryſtals being powdered, or ſmall ſand well waſhed, the fourth part, mingle them well together, put as much of this compoſition as will fill an eggeſhell into a Crucible ſet in the earthen Furnace, (expreſſed page 83.) and made red hot, and preſently there will come over a thick, and white ſpirit, this doe till you have enough, then take out of the Crucible whileſt it is glowing hot, & that which is in it is like tranſparent glaſſe, which keep from the aire.

The Spirit may be rectified by [•]and in a glaſſe Retort.

This Spirit is of excellent uſe in the gou[•], ſtone, ptiſick, and indeed in all obſtructions, provoketh [•]weat, and urine, and cleanſeth the ſtomack, and by conſequence effectuall in moſt diſeaſes.

It being applyed externally cleareth the skin, and makes it look very faire.

Take that which remaines at the bottome in the crucible, and beat it to powder, and lay it in a moiſt place, and ſo it diſſolveth into a thick fat Oil: and this is that which is called the Oil of ſand, of flints, pebles, or cryſtalls.

This Oil is of wonderfull uſe in medicine, as alſo in the preparation of all ſorts of Mineralls.

This oil being taken inwdarly in ſome appropriated Liquor diſſolves tartarous coagulations in the body, and ſo opens all obſtructions.

It precipitates metals, and makes the calx thereof more weighty, then oil of Tartar doth.

It is of a golden nature: it extracts colours from all metals, is fixed in all fires, maketh fine Cryſtals, and Borax, and maturifieth imperfect metals into gold.

If you put it into water there will precipitate a moſt fine white earth, of wch you may make as clear veſſels as are China-diſhes.

Note that all ſand, flints, and pebles, even the whiteſt, have in them a golden ſulphur, or tincture, and if a prepared lead be for a time digeſted in this oil it will ſeem as it were gilded, becauſe of the gold that will hang upon it, which may be waſhed away in water. Gold alſo is found in ſand and flints, &c. and if you put Gold into this oil it will become more ponderous thereby.

To make Steele grow in a glaſſe like a tree.

Diſſolve Steele in a rectified Spirit of ſalt, ſo ſhall you have a green and ſweet ſolution, which ſmels like brimſtone, filter it, and abſtract all the moiſture in ſand with a gentle heat, and there will diſtil over a Liquor as ſweet as rain-water (for Steele by reaſon of its dryneſſe detaines the coroſiveneſſe of the Spirit of ſalt, which remaineth in the bottome like a bloud red maſſe, which is as hot on the tongue as fire, diſſolve this red maſſe in oil of flints, or of ſand, and you ſhall ſee it grow up in two or three houres, like a tree with a ſtemm, and branches; prove this tree at the teſt, and it yeeldeth good gold, which this tree hath drawn from the aforeſaid oil of ſand, or flints, which hath a golden ſulphur in it.

To melt any metall in ones hand without burning of the hand.

Take a little calcining pot in your hand, make in it a lane or courſe of the powder of any metall, then upon it lay a lane of Sulphur, Salt-peter and Saw-duſt, of each a like quantity, mixed together, put a coal of fire to it, and forthwith the metall will be melted into a maſſe.

An obſervation upon the beams of the Sun and heat of the fire, how they adde weight to Minerall, and Metalline bodies.

1. Take any Minerall Liquor and ſet it in an open veſſell in the ſun for a good ſpace, and it will be augmented in quantity, and weight. But ſome will ſay that this proceedeth from the air: to the which I anſwer and demand, whether the air had not this impregnation from the ſun, and what the air hath in it ſelf that proceedeth not from the ſun and ſtars.

2. Put this liquor in a cold cellar, or in a moiſt air, and you ſhall find that it increaſeth not in weight, as it doth in the ſun, or in the fire (which hath in this reſpect ſome analogie with the ſun) I do not ſay but haply it might attract ſome little moiſture which is ſoon exhaled by any ſmall heat:

3. Diſſolve any ſulphurous, and imperfect metall, as Iron, Copper, or Zinke, in Aqua fortis, or any other acid ſpirit, then abſtract the Spirit from it, make it glowing hot, yet not too hot, that the Spirit may only vapour away, then weigh this metalline Calx, and ſet it in a crucible over the fire, but melt it not, only let it darkly glow, let it ſtand ſo 3, or 4, weeks, then take it off, and weigh it again, and you ſhall find it heavier then before.

4. Set any ſulphurous metall, as Iron, or Copper, with ſixteen or eighteen parts of Lead on a teſt made with aſhes of wood, or bones in a probatory furnace: firſt weigh the teſt, copper and lead before you put them into the furnace, let the iron or copper fly away with the lead, yet not with too ſtrong a heat, then take the teſt out, and weigh it, and you ſhall finde it (though the metals are gone) when it is cold to be heavier then it was when it was put into the furnace with the metals. The queſtion is now whence this heavineſſe of all the aforeſaid Minerals and metals proceeded, if that the heat of the fun, and fire through the help of the Mineralls and metals be not fixed into a palpable Minerall, and Metalline body?

5. Set a teſt with lead, or copper in the ſun, and with a concave glaſſe unite the beames of the ſun, and let them fall on the center of the metall, hold the concave glaſſe in your hand, and let your teſt never be cold, and this will be as well done in the ſun, as in the fire. But this concave muſt be two foot in Diameter, and not too hollow or deep, but about the eighteenth or twentieth part of the circle, that it may the better caſt its beams forth, and it muſt be very well poliſhed.

6. Calcine Antimony with a burning glaſſe, and you ſhall ſee it ſmoak, and fume, and be made dryer then before, yet weigh it and it will be heavier then before.

I ſhall take in, for the confirmation of all this, a relation of Sir Kenelme Digby concerning the precipitating of the ſun beams. I remember (ſaith he) a rare experiment that a Noble man of much ſincerity, and a ſingular friend of mine, told me he had ſeen, wch. was, that by means of glaſſes made in a very particular manner, and artificially placed one by another, he had ſeen the ſun beames gathered together, and precipitated down into a browniſh, or purpliſh red powder. There (ſaith he) could be no fallacy in this operation. For nothing whatſoever, was in the glaſſe, when they were placed, and diſpoſed for this intent; and it muſt be in the hot time of the yeare, elſe the effect would not follow. And of this magiſtery he could gather ſome dayes neer 2. ounces in a day, and it was of a ſtrong volatile vertue, and would impreſſe it ſpirituall quality into gold it ſelfe (the heavieſt and moſt fixed body we converſe withall) in a very ſhort time.

I leave it now to the reader to judge whether the beames of the ſun, and heat of the fire adde weight to Minerals, and Metals.

To extract a white Milkie ſubſtance from the raies of the Moone.

Take a concave glaſſe and hold it againſt the Moon when ſhe is at the full in a cleare evening, and let the raies thereof being united fall upon a ſponge, and the ſponge will be full of a cold Milkie ſubſtance, which you may preſſe out with your hand, and gather more. De-La-Broſſe is of opinion that this ſubſtance is of the ſubſtance of the Moon: but I cannot aſſent to him in that, only this I ſay, if this experiment were well proſecuted, it might produce for ought I know, ſuch a diſcovery which might be the key to no ſmall ſecrets.

To condenſe the aire in the heat of ſmmer and in the heat of the day, into water.

Fill an earthen veſſell unglazed, made pointed downward, and fill it with ſnow-water (which muſt be kept all the year) in which is diſſolved as much Nitre as the water would diſſolve: Let the veſſell be cloſe ſtopt. Hold this veſſell againſt the ſun and the air will be ſo condenſed by the coldneſſe of the veſſell that it will drop down by the ſides thereof.

How two ſorts of volatile ſalts will be fixed by joyning them together.

Take a ſtrong Lixivium made of unſlaked lime, and evaporate it, and whereas you would expect to find a ſalt at the bottome there is none, for all the ſalt in the Lixivium is vapored away, and the more the Liquor is evaporated the weaker the Lixivium becomes, which is contrary to other Lixiviums: Alſo if you take Spirit of vinegar, and evaporate it, you ſhall finde no ſalt at the bottome. Now if you take the clear Lixivium of Lime, and Spirit of vinegar, of each a like quantity, and mix them together, and evaporate the humidity thereof, you ſhall find a good quantity of ſalt at the bottome, which taſts partly hot, and partly acid.

This ſalt being ſet in a cold cellar on a marble ſtone, and diſſolved into an oil, is as good as any Lac virginis to clear, and ſmooth the face, and dry up any hot puſtles in the skin, as alſo againſt the Itch, and old ulcers to dry them up.

To make an unguent that a few graines thereof being applied outwardly will cauſe vomiting or looſneſſe as you pleaſe.

Take Lapis infernalis, mix therewith of diſtilled oil of Tobacco as much as will make an ointment: Keep it in a dry place.

If you would provoke vomiting, anoint the pit of the ſtomach with five or ſix graines thereof, and the party will preſently vomit, and as much as with taking of a vomit.

If you would provoke to looſneſſe anoint about the navell therewith, and the patient will preſently fall into a looſneſſe.

Note that you muſt give the patient ſome warme ſuppings all the time this medicine is working.

Note alſo, and that eſpecially, that you let not the ointment lye ſo long as to cauterize the part to which it is applyed.

To make a medicine that halfe a graine thereof being taken every morning will keep the body ſoluble.

Take of the diſtilled oil of Tobacco, of which let the eſſentiall ſalt of Tobacco imbibe as much as it can. Then with this compoſition make ſome Lozenges by adding ſuch things as are fitting for ſuch a forme of medicine: Note that you put but ſuch a quantity of this oily ſalt as half a grain only may be in one Lozenge.

One of theſe Lozenges being taken every morning, or every other morning, keepeth the body ſoluble, and is good for them as are apt to be very coſtive in their bodies.

Note that you may put ſome aromaticall ingredient into the Lozenges that may qualifie the offenſive odour of the oil, if there ſhall be any.

To make a Cordiall, ſtomachicall, and purgative tincture.

Make a tincture of Hiera picra with Spirit of wine well rectified, and aromatized with Cinnamon or Cloves.

Two or three ſpoonfulls of this tincture being taken in a morning twice in a week wonderfully helps thoſe that have weak and foul ſtomacks, it openeth obſtructions, and purgeth viſcoſities of the ſtomach and bowells, cureth all inveterate head-ach killeth wormes, and indeed leaveth no impurities in the body, and is very cordiall: for it exceedingly helps them that are troubled with faintings. There is nothing offenſive in this medicine but the bitterneſſe thereof, which the other extraordinary vertues will more then ballance.

Another.

Diſſolve Scammony in Spirit of Wine, evaporate the one moity, then precipitate it by putting Roſe-water to it: and it will become moſt white, for the black and fetid matter will lye on the top of the precipitated matter which you muſt waſh away with Roſe-water. Then take that white gum being very well waſhed, and dry it (if you pleaſe you may powder it and ſo uſe it, for indeed it hath neither ſmell nor taſt, and purgeth without any offence, and may be given to children or to any that diſtaſt phyſick, in their milk or broth without any diſcerning of it, and indeed it doth purge without any manner of gripings. I was wont to make it up into pills with oil of Cinamon or Cloves which gave it a gallant ſmel, and of which I gave a ſcruple which wrought moderately and without any manner of gripings) then diſſolve it again in Spirit of Wine being aromatized with what ſpices you pleaſe, and this keep.

This tincture is ſo pleaſant, ſo gentle, ſo noble a purgative that there is ſcarce the like in the world, for it purgeth without any offence, is taken without any nauſeating, and purgeth all manner of humours, eſpecially choler, and melancholy, and is very Cordiall.

It may be given to thoſe that abhor any medicine, as to children or thoſe that are of a nauſeous ſtomach.

The doſe is from half a ſpoonfull to two or three.

Note it muſt be taken of it ſelf, for if it be put into any other Liquor, the Scammony will precipitate and fall to the bottome.

After this manner you may prepare Jollap by extracting the gum therefore, and then diſſolving it in Spirit of wine.

By this meanes Jollap would not be ſo offenſive to the ſtomach, as uſually it is, for it is the gum that is purgative, and the earthlineſſe that is ſo nauſeous.

Jollap being thus prepared is a moſt excellent medicine againſt all hydropick diſeaſes, for it purgeth water away without any nauſeouſneſſe or griping at all.

To reduce diſtilled Turpentine into its body againe.

Take the oil of Turpentine, and the Colophonia thereof (which is that ſubſtance which remaines in the bottome after diſtillation) which you muſt beat to powder. Mix theſe together and digeſt them, and you ſhall have a Turpentine of the ſame conſiſtency as before, but of a fiery ſubtle nature.

Pills made of this Turpentine, are of excellent uſe in obſtructions of the breaſt, kidneyes and the like.

To make the diſtilled Oil out of any hearb, ſeed or flower in an inſtant without any furnace.

You muſt have a long pipe made of tin, which muſt have a bowle in the middle with a hole in it as big as you can put your finger into it: by which you muſt put your matter that you would have the Oil of. Set this matter on fire with a candle or coal of fire, then put one end of the pipe into a baſon of fair water, and blow at the other end, and the ſmoak will come into the water, and there will an oil ſwim upon the water: which you may ſeparate with a tunnell.

To make water, and the tincture of any vegetable at the ſame time, which is an excellent way to draw out the vertue thereof.

This muſt be performed by theſe following veſſels.

A, Signifies the Furnace it ſelfe.

B, The Retort which stands in water or ſand, wherein the matter to be diſtilled is put, instead whereof, if you pleaſe you may put a gourd glaſſe with a head to it.

C, The pipe.

D, Another veſſell where is more freſh matter out of which the tincture is to be drawne, and which ſtands upon aſhes with a fire under it.

E, The furnace with a pan of aſhes.

F, The receiver.

G, The hole of the furnace to put in coals, to heat the ſecond matter.

A way to ſeparate freſh water from ſalt without a furnace or much trouble.

Take a Caldron with a great and high cover having a beake or noſe, ſet it upon a trefoot, and under it put fire: let this be filled with ſalt water, and there will preſently diſtill off a good quantity of freſh water into a receiver, which muſt be joyned to the noſe of the aforeſaid cover.

This is of good uſe for Sea-men that want freſh water, for by this meanes they may diſtill a good quantity in 24. houres, eſpecially if they have any conſiderable number of the aforeſaid veſſels, a figure whereof is this which followes.

A way to purge and purifie troubled and muddie waters.

Fill a great pot with pudled water, put a ſoft and gentle fire under it, lay ſome ſticks acroſſe on the pot brims, and upon the ſticks lay clean wool or a ſpunge well waſhed: Now the wool drinkes up the vapours that aſcend, which then you muſt wring out, and lay on the wool again, and this you may doe till you have as much clean water as you deſire. The manner of this diſtillation is deſcribed thus.

A, Signifies the pot.

B, The fire.

C, The ſtickes.

D, The wooll.

This is of uſe for them that can come at no other waters but what are troubled, as it falls out many times in ſome places.

Another way to purifie any thicke, muddie or feculent Liquor.

This is performed by ſhreds of any white woollen cloth in veſſells as you ſee hereafter expreſſed.

A, Signifies the veſſels.

B, The ſhreds.

Note that the ſhreds muſt be firſt wet in fair water, and the feculent matter be put into the uppermoſt veſſell.

Note alſo whereas here be two receivers, that in many caſes one may be ſufficient.

This way ſerves for the purifying of decoctions, juices, or diſſolutions of ſalts from their feculency, for that which is diſtilled by the ſhreds is as clear as Cryſtall, when what remains is very feculent.

To keep fire in a glaſſe, that whileſt the glaſſe is ſhut will not burne, but aſsoone as it is opened will be inflamed.

Firſt extract the burning ſpirit of the ſalt of tin in a glaſſe Retort well coated; when the Retort is cold, take it out and break it, and aſſoone as the matter in it, which remains in the bottome thereof after diſtillation, comes into the air, it will preſently be inflamed. Put this matter into a glaſſe viall, and keep it cloſe ſtopt.

This fire will keep many thouſand yeares and not burne unleſſe the glaſſe be opened: but at what time ſoever that is opened it will burne.

It is conceived that ſuch a kind of fire as this was found in vaults when they were opened, which many conceived to be a perpetuall burning Lamp, when as indeed it was inflamed at the opening the vault, and the letting in air thereby which before it lacked, and therefore could not burn. For it is to be conceived that there is no fire burnes longer then its matter endures, and there is no combuſtible matter can endure for ever.

There may be many uſes of ſuch a fire as this, for any man may carry it about him, and let it burn on a ſuddain when he hath any occaſion for fire.

A Lamp Furnace is made thus.

A, Signifies the Candleſtick, which muſt be hollow, and full of water.

B, The top of the candleſtick which muſt he wide to containe good ſtore of water for to fill up the Candleſtick as the candle riſeth up.

C, The candle, which muſt be as long as the Candleſtick.

D, The veſſell that contains either wat[•]r, ſand, or aſhes for any veſſell to be ſet into; alſo to containe any matter it ſelfe that is to be diſtilled, or digeſted.

E, A glaſſe veſſell ſtanding in digeſtion.

F, A narrow mouthed ſtopple to be put into the candleſtick to keep the candle upright, and that muſt be made of tin, with holes in it.

G, The cover for the veſſell D, which is to be put upon it when any thing is decocted, or kept warme in it.

H, A Still head to put upon the veſſell D, when you would diſtill any thing in it.

Note that if you make all theſe veſſells large you may do many conſiderable things without much labour, or trouble.

In the veſſell D, if it be large, you may ſtew meat, which if you put in at night and cover it cloſe, you may have it ready for your breakfaſt in the morning, and ſo according to the time you put it in you may have it for dinner or ſupper. Alſo you may keep any thing warme in the night, and at all times, and divers ſuch uſes as theſe it may be uſed for.

Note that the candle will ſtill riſe up till it be quite burned out, and an ordinary candle will laſt twice as long this way as it will out of the water.

If you would have one candle laſt a long time as twelve or twenty hours, you muſt either make your candleſtick very long that it may containe a long candle, or make your candle big and the wiek ſmall, or make your candle of ſuch matter as will not preſently be conſumed.

Note alſo that if you would have a great heat, your candle muſt be great, and alſo the wiek thereof great; but if gentle, let your candle be ſmall.

Another Lamp furnace.

There is another ſort of Lamp furnaces with three candles after this manner.

The uſe of this is when you would have a conſtant fire that ſhould give a ſtronger heat then one candle in the former furnace. And the truth is, that if your candles be big (as you may make them as big as you will) you may have as ſtrong a heat this way as by aſhes in an ordinary furnace.

To make a Candle that ſhall laſt long.

Take unſlaked lime, powder it and mix it with your tallow, and ſo make your candle of that, or elſe you may make candles of Caſtle-ſope which will ſerve for ſuch uſes as theſe, viz. to burne in ſuch a Lampe furnace.

Note that it is the ſalt that is in the lime, and ſope that preſerves the tallow from burning out ſo faſt as otherwiſe it would.

To make a lasting and durable Oil.

Take unſlaked lime, Bay-ſalt, oil Olive of each a like quantity, mix them well together, and diſtill them in ſand, cohobate the oil upon the ſame quantity of freſh lime, and ſalt: and this do foure or five times. By this means will the oil be clear and impregnated with what ſalt was volatile in the lime, and ſalt.

Now that ſaline impregnation is that which gives a durableneſſe to the oil.

Note that this oil whileſt it is diſtilling is of a moſt fragrant ſmell: I have ſome of it which I diſtilled ſeven times, and it is as pure, ſubtle and odoriſerous as many common diſtilled oiles of vegetables.

This oil beſides the durableneſſe of it is alſo good againſt any inveterate ach in the limbs.

A Lampe made with this oil will continue burning ſix times as long as a Lamp made of other oil, as alſo it burnes very ſweet.

There muſt be a great deal of care uſed in making of it, or elſe you will quickly break your glaſſes: alſo you muſt take very ſtrong lime, ſuch as the dyers uſe, and call cauke.

Philoſophicall Bellowes.

There be here ſet downe three figures of theſe kindes of inſtruments, which belong to ſeverall uſes.

A, Signifies that which blowes a fire for the melting of any metall or ſuch like operation, and it blowes moſt forcibly with a terrible noiſe.

B, That which blowes a Candle to make the flame thereof very ſtrong for the melting of glaſſes, and nipping them up.

C, That which any one may hold in his hand to blow the fire ſtrongly upon any occaſion.

Now the manner of the uſing them in this: you muſt firſt heat them very hot, then put the noſes thereof (which muſt have a very ſmall hole in them, no bigger then that a pins head may go in) into a veſſell of cold water, and they will preſently ſuck in the water, of which then being full turne the noſes thereof towards the candle or fire wch you would have blown. As for the figure C, it muſt have a mouth drawne up round and hanging out an inch from the face, which mouth (the whole compaſſe of the face being heated firſt) you muſt dip in cold water, and it will ſuck in water as the noſes of the former did. This then you muſt hold-cloſe to the fire that it may be heated, and it will blow exceedingly, as otherwiſe it will not, viz. if it be cold.

If you put ſweet water into ſuch a veſſell you may perfume a chamber exceedingly, for a little quantity thereof will be a long time breathing forth.

Note that theſe kindes of veſſels muſt be made of copper, and be exceeding well cloſed, that they may have no vent but by their noſes.

An excellent invention to make a fire.

Take three parts of the beſt New-caſtle coales beaten ſmall, one part of loame, mix theſe well together into a maſſe with water, make thereof balls, which you muſt dry very well.

This fire is durable, ſweet, not offenſive by reaſon of the ſmoake or cinder as other coale fires are, beautifull in ſhape, and is not ſo coſtly as other fire, burnes as well in a chamber even as Char-coal.

This fire may either ſerve for ſuch diſtillations as require a ſtrong, and laſting heat, or for ordinary uſes either in the Kitchen, or chambers.

A new invention for Bathes.

Seeing by bathing and ſweating moſt diſeaſes are cured, eſpecially ſuch as proceed from wind, hot and diſtempered humours or cold and congealed humours; becauſe all theſe are rarified, and evaporated by tranſpiration in ſweating, or bathing, I thought it a thing much conducing to mans health to ſet downe ſuch a way of bathing and ſweating that might be very effectuall, and appropriated to any particular diſeaſe or diſtemper.

I ſhall therefore here commend to you a way of bathing by diſtillation, the manner of which you may ſee by theſe enſuing veſſels.

A, Signifies a hot ſtill with two pipes going into two wooden veſſels; In this Still you may put either hearbs, ſpices, with water, or with Spirits, and diſtill them, by which meanes they that are in the veſſels will preſently be forced into a ſweat by vertue of the ſubtlety of the vapours. And this indeed is as good and effectuall a way for ſweating as any can be invented: You may by this meanes appropriate your ingredients to the nature of the diſeaſes.

B, A veſsell wherein a man ſits in the bath. Now this veſſell hath in it a door for the eaſier going into it, which faſhion is farre better, and more convenient, then to be open only at the top.

C, A long veſſell where a man that is weak, and not able to fit up, lies and is bathed.

Now you muſt note that theſe vapours moſt not be hotter then the patient can beer: alſo if the vapour come forth too hot upon the body of the patient, he may by putting a pipe upon the end of the pipe that comes into the veſſell, divert the hot vapour from his body, and ſo it will not offend him that way.

Note that the patient, aſſoon as he begins to be faint, muſt come forth or elſe he will ſuffer more prejudice, then good by his bathing; and alſo to prevent him from fainting let him take ſome Cordiall, or cold Beer, which will much revive him, and make him endure his bathing longer, as alſo make him ſweat the more.

Aſſoon as the patient comes forth, let him goe into a warm bed, and ſweat as he is able to beare it, and take ſome poſſet drink, or broth or ſuch like warme ſuppings, as alſo ſome good Cordiall if he be very faint.

The patient may according as his ſtrength will bear, and his diſeaſe require, bathe, more ſeldome or oftner.

An artificiall hot Bath, from the ſame principles as the naturall Bath is.

Before I ſet down the proceſſe of making an artificiall hot Bath, I ſhall premiſe ſome things concerning the true nature and originall of a hot Bath. Now the cleareſt and beſt account that I ever heard or read, of the cauſe of the heat in Bathes is that which is given by Mounſier de Rochas, and that in a demonſtrative way; His words are theſe. As I was (ſaith he) with ſome of my companions wandring in Savoy, I found in the valley of Luzerne betwixt the Alps a hot ſpring; I began to conſider the cauſe of this heat, and whereas the vulgar opinion is, that the heat of fountains is from mountains fired within, I ſaw reaſon to think the contrary, becauſe I ſaw ſnow upon a mountaine from whence this hot ſpring came, unmelted, which could not poſſibly but have been diſſolved by the hot fumes of the mountains, had they been fired. Whereupon being unſatisfied I with my companions and other labourers (whom I could very hardly perſwade to undertake ſuch a buſineſſe by reaſon they were affraid that fire would thereupon breake forth out of the ground and conſume us) got tools and ſet upon digging to find out the true cauſe of the heat of this fountain. After we had digged 15. dayes (having before perceived the water to be hotter and hotter by degrees as we came neerer to the ſource) we came to the originall of the heat, where was a great ebullition: In three houres more we digged beyond this place of ebullition and perceived the water to be cold, yet in the ſame continued ſtream with the other that was hot: upon this I began to wonder much at the reaſon of theſe things. Then I carryed to my lodging ſome of this hot water (which was both ſaltiſh and acid) and evaporated it, and of forty ounces I had in the bottome five drams of ſaltiſh matter, which I then yet farther purified, and extracted thence three drams of pure nitrous Hermetick ſalt; the other two ounces being a ſlimie ſulphurous ſubſtance. Yet with this I was not ſatisfied, but with my labourers went again to the place, and digged twelve days more, and then we came to a water which was inſipid as ordinary fountain Water, yet ſtill in a continued ſtream with the ſaltiſh and hot water. At this I wondered much, whereupon I digged up ſome of the earth where the cold, and ſaltiſh ſtream runned, & carried it home with me, and our of a hundred weight thereof, I extracted a good quantity of nitrous ſalt, which was almoſt fluxile. When I had extracted as much as I could, I laid the earth aſide, and in 24. houres it was all covered over with ſalt, which I extracted, and out of a hundred weight of this earth which I call virgin earth, I had four pound of this kind of ſalt which is contracted in the aforeſaid 24. houres: and ſo it would doe conſtantly. Now this ſatisfied me concerning one doubt: for before I was unſatisfied how there could be a conſtant ſupply of that ſalt which made the water ſaltiſh, ſeeing there was but a little diſtance betwixt the inſipid water and the hot water, and the conſtant ſtream of water waſhed away the ſalt which was in that little ſpace: for I perceived that this kind of earth attracts this univerſall ſalt of the world partly from the aire in the cavities of the earth, and partly from the vapours that conſtantly paſſe through the earth. After this I tooke ſome of that earth where the ebullition was, and carried it home, and proved it, and I perceived it to be a ſulphur mine, into which the former acid ſaltiſh water penetrating cauſed an ebullition, as doe ſalt of Tartar, and Spirit of Vitriall being mixed together, and alſo water poured on unſlaked lime. After this I began to queſtion how it was that this ſulphur mine was not conſumed, ſeeing ſo much matter paſſeth from it daily: but when I began to underſtand how all things in the earth did aſſimilate to themſelves whatſoever was of any kind of affinity to them, as Mines convert the tooles of miners into their owne ſubſtance in a little time, and ſuch like experiments of that nature, I was ſatisfied. And after all this I underſtood how this univerſall ſalt of the world was to be had, and I could at any time mix it with water, and pour that water upon ſulphur, and ſo make an artificiall hot bath as good as any naturall bath whatſoever. Note that no ſalt in the world but this nitrous ſalt will do it, as I often tryed: And this ſalt is to be found in all hot bathes, and to be prepared artificially. Thus farre Mounſeur de Rochas. Something like unto this Helmont ſeems to hold forth, ſaying that there is a Primum ens ſalium, or ſemina ſalium, which are all ſeated in waters and vapours and give them an acidity, but as yet have no ſaline taſt, untill they meet with ſuch principles, and be received into certain matrixes in the earth which may make them put forth this potentiall ſaltneſſe into act: and according to this diverſity of places that this water or vapours, being impregnated with thoſe ſeeds of ſalt, goe through, ariſeth the diverſity of ſalts, as Alum, ſea-ſalt, Nitre, &c. Then upon this account the earth through which the cold, acid, ſaltiſh water aboveſaid run through, did ſpecificate that potentiall ſalt which was both in the water, and vapours, into a nitrous ſalt, (by which meanes was that kind of ſalt in that place) but whether this primum ens ſalium be ſo unſpecificated, or quid Hermaphroditicum as he aſſerts, or no, it matters not much to my purpoſe; it ſufficeth if that earth through which that acid nitrous water runs, attracts and multiplies an acid nitrous ſalt, with which the water being impregnated, and running through a ſulphurous mine cauſeth an ebullition. All this being premiſed, I ſhall now endeavor to illuſtrate how nature may in this be imitated, as that an artificiall hot bath may be made by ſuch like principles, as the naturall hot bath conſiſts of, being artificially prepared.

Now theſe principles are the ſulphur mine, and the acid nitrous ſalt; the former requires no further preparation (as ſaith Mounſeur de Rochas,) if it be pure: the latter is to be prepared two manner of wayes: for either it is to be extracted, as ſaith the aforeſaid author, out of the waters of the bath by evaporating them away, or by condenſing the nitrous aire (for indeed as many judicious philoſophers are of opinion, the air is wholly nitrous, as it appears by the condenſation of it in cold places into Nitre) which his virgins earth did doe, into a ſalt, which was acid, and almoſt fluxil. Now when I ſay that the nitrous ſalt is to be thus prepared, I do not ſay that this is the full preparation thereof, for indeed it is yet further to be prepared, and that is by giving it a greater acidity. I queſtion much whether or no the ſalt being prepared after the aforeſaid wayes do retaine that acidity which is required for that ebullition I ſpake of, and which the nitrous acid water had before it came to the Mine of Sulphur. For indeed the aforeſaid author when he affirmed that he could at any time make an artificiall hot bath, did not ſay he uſed the ſalt prepared only after the 2. former wayes, viz. by extracting it out of the waters of the bath, and making it with his virgin earth which did attract, and condenſe the nitrouſneſſe of the aire, but withall by making it ſo acid that it might cauſe an ebullition when it came to be joyned with a ſulphur Mine. Now then how to give this Nitre a ſufficient acidity is the great queſtion. For the better effecting of this we muſt conſider whence that nitrous water (above mentioned) in the earth had the greateſt part of its acidity. As to that, it muſt be remembred that the virgin earth through which the acid nitrous water did run, did condenſe the nitrous air or vapours into a nitrous ſalt, and withall it is to be conſidered that before this nitrous aire or vapour, before it be condenſed, even when it is neer unto condenſation is acid, and part of it before condenſation is mixed with the water, and ſo renders it acid. Now that waters have great part of their acidity from the acid vapours of acid Mineralls both Henricus ab Heers, and Jordan upon Minerall waters affirme: and that ſalts unbodied, are far more acid then when they have aſſumed a body, is clearly manifeſt in this, viz. that ſpirits of ſalts, which I call ſalts unbodied becauſe they have loſt their body, are become very acid becauſe unbodied; if ſo in Spirits that have loſt their bodies, why not after ſome proportion in thoſe that have not yet aſſumed a body, as vapours of Nitre, or nitrous air being neer to congelation, and bodying, and impregnant with Spirits of Nitre?

Now I ſay that nitrous vapours, or nitrous air being a ſalt unbodied, are not ſo acid as Spirits of Nitre, becauſe they are more phlegmatick and crude, which flegme they loſe by being congealed into a ſalt: yet for all this, they are far more acid then the body of ſalt: and this is that which Helmont underſtands, when he ſaith that the eſurine ſalt being incorporificated is far more active, in giving taſt and odour then when it hath received its body by becoming a ſpecificated ſalt. Furthermore how Nitre ſhall become ſufficiently acid for the aforeſaid operation is the great matter to be required into. We muſt therefore conſider which way we may unbody Nitre (ſeeing it is ſcarſe poſſible to get it before it hath received its body) and that is done two wayes, either by forcing of it into a moſt ſharp Spirit, which is too acid for our intenſion, or by digeſting the whole ſubſtance of Nitre into a Liquor moderately acid, which indeed ſerves for our purpoſe, and the proceſſe is this.

Take the pureſt Nitre you can get, diſſolve it in rain water ſo as that the water imbibe as much of it as it can. Then put this nitrous water into a common earthen veſſell unglazed, which you muſt ſet in a cellar. You ſhall ſee this veſſell in a ſhort time to be white all over on the outſide as with a hoar froſt, which whiteneſſe is partly the flowers of the Nitre being the pureſt part thereof penetrating the veſſell, and partly the nitrous aire condenſed into Nitre by the coldneſſe of the veſſell, as alſo aſſimilated to the Nitre that penetrated the veſſell. I ſaid by the coldneſſe of the veſſel, becauſe ſuch is the coldneſſe of an earthen veſſell wherein is Nitre, diſſolved in water, that it will being ſet in ſnow by the fire ſide forthwith be freezed. This Nitre you muſt ſtrike off with a feather, and when you have a ſufficient quantity thereof, as three or four pound, put this, or the nitrous ſalt extracted from bath-waters into a bolt head of glaſſe, (a pound in each bolt head) that two parts of three be empty, nip it up, and ſet it in aſhes, and give it a reaſonable ſtrong fire, viz. that the upper part of the boul of the bolt head be as hot, as that you can but well ſuffer your hand upon it, and you ſhall ſee that the Nitre will be diſſolved every day a little, and in 2. or 3. moneths time be wholly diſſolved, and become acid, but not ſo acid as the Spirit thereof; then put it into a glaſſe gourd with a head, and diſtill it off, and in the bottome you ſhall find an acid nitrous ſalt almoſt fluxil, not unlike the ſalt which Mounſeur de Rochas found in the evaporating of this water. Then pour the diſtilled Nitre water upō the ſaid ſalt, & then it is for your uſe.

The uſe of theſe principles or ingredients is this, viz. make fountaine water ſufficiently acid with this nitrous Liquor, then pour it upon a ſufficient quantity of the beſt Sulphur Mine, or Sulphur vivum in a large wooden veſſell where the patient is to be bathed, and you will ſee the water preſently heated ſo hot as the patient is able to beare.

The inward uſe of theſe bath-waters is by reaſon of the Nitre in them, to diſſolve groſſe humours, open obſtructions, cleanſe the kidneys and bladder, and by reaſon of the ſulphur to dry, mollifie, diſcuſſe, and glutinate, and to help all uterine effects proceeding from cold and windy humours.

Note that they muſt be drunk warme, and in a good quantity, or elſe they will do more hurt then good.

The outward uſe of this is for ſuch ill effects as are in the habit of the body, and out of the veines, as of palſies, contractions, rheumes, cold humors, affects of the skin and aches, for they reſolve, diſcuſſe, cleanſe, mollifie, &c.

Now for the manner of bathing I ſhall not preſcribe any thing, but leave this to the diſcretion of the phyſitian, who is to give order and directions for all the circumſtances about it: for indeed every one is not to bath when, and how he pleaſeth, but muſt apply himſelfe to an able phyſitian, and ſubmit himſelf to his judgement and experience, or elſe may receive either prejudice, or no benefit thereby.

An artificiall Tunbridge, and Epſa me Water.

It is granted by all, that Tunbridge Water proceeds from an iron mine, but how it attracts that acidity and that ironiſh and vitriolated taſt and odour, ſeeing upon evaporation thereof, there remains little or no vitriall or ſalt of iron at the bottome, is the great queſtion; Now for the ſolution of this, we muſt conſider how many wayes a ſubterraneall minerall, or metall may communicate its acidity to waters, and that ſaith Henricus ab Heers, upon Spaw-waters, it doth three wayes: one, when the water paſſing through the mines, carryeth along with it ſome of the diſſoluble parts of the mine, to which is conſonant the ſaying of Ariſtotle: Such are waters, as is the nature of thoſe Mines through which they paſſe, as alſo of Galen when he ſaith, that pure water paſſing through Minerall Mines carry with them ſome of the ſubstance of the Mines. The ſecond way is when the vapours ariſing from ſermented Mineralls and Metalls, are mixed with waters. Now that vapours retain the odour, and taſt of thoſe things, from whence they are raiſed, Ariſtotle in his fourth Book Sublimium affirms, and alſo Helmont when he ſaith that ſome parts of the iron Mines being by fermentation turned into a vapour retain the odor and taſt of the Mine by vertue of the acid eſurine ſalt, and are not preſently reduced into a body, and alſo artificiall vapours of the iron Mines have more vertue, & activity, (I mean thoſe parts that are raiſed by a ſtrong fire in a furnace from the Mine of iron) then iron it ſelfe when it is melted. The third is, when a great quantity of vapours ariſing from the aforeſaid fermented Mines is elevated, and by the coldneſſe of the ambient earth is turned into an acid water, which as it paſſeth through the earth meeteth with ſome ſprings of water, and mixing with them gives them a pleaſant acidity. And this is the beſt of all acid wtaers being clear and very pure.

This being premiſed I ſhall now proceed to the proceſſe of making artificiall waters like to thoſe of Tunbridge and Epſome: of the former viz. Tunbridge thus;

Take of the Mine, or ore of iron, beat it very ſmal, and put it into the furnace expreſſed page 83. and there will come forth an acid Spirit, and flowers, which you muſt mix together till the acid Spirit extracts the ſalt out of the flowers, then decant off the clear liquor which will have a ſtrong taſt and ſmel of iron.

A few drops of this Liquor put into a glaſſe full of fountaine water give it the odour and taſt of Tunbridge water, and communicates the ſame operations to it.

It openeth all obſtructions, purgeth by urine, cleanſeth the kidneys, and bladder, helpeth the piſſing of bloud, the ſtopping of the urine, and difficulty of making water, it allayeth all ſharp humors, cureth inward ulcers, and impoſtumes, cleanſeth and ſtrengtheneth the ſtomach, and liver &c.

Note that fountaine water being made moderately acid with this acid ironiſh Liquor may be taken from a pint to ſix pints, but by degrees, and after the taking of it moderate exerciſe is to be uſed, and faſting to be obſerved till all the water be gone out of the body, which will be in ſeven or eight houres.

Epſome water is made artificially thus. Take of the mine of allom, or allom ſtones, powder it very ſmal, and diſtil it in the furnace expreſſed page 83. and there will diſtill over a certain acid alluminiſh water, which muſt be mixed with a double quantity of Niter water (the preparation whereof is ſet down in the proceſſe of making the artificiall hot bath). Now you muſt know that Epſome water hath a certain kind of acid taſt which is partly alluminous and partly nitrous; which procedeth from nitrous air, and vapours ariſing from the fermentation of alluminous Mines, being firſt mixed together, and then mixed with the fountaines paſſing through the earth.

If you put a few drops of this Liquor into a glaſſe full of fountaine water it will give it the odour, and taſt of Epſome water, that you ſhall ſcarce diſcerne them aſunder either by that odour, or operation.

This water is purgative, and indeed purgeth eſpecially all ſharp burning humours, cools an inflamed, and opens an obſtructed body; cleanſeth the kidneys and bladder, cureth inward ulcers, and impoſtumes, is a very good preſervative againſt the conſumption, &c.

Fountaine water made acid with this Liquor may be taken from a pint to ſix or eight, but by degrees, and after it moderate exerciſe muſt be uſed, and faſting till the water be out of the body, only ſome thin warme ſuppings may be taken to helpe the working thereof. Some take this water warm.

To make artificiall precious ſtones of all ſorts of colours.

Take Cryſtalline white pibble-ſtones that are very white throughout and have no mixture of any other colour, which you ſhal find in fountaines and on the ſands of the ſea. Put them into a crucible, make them glowing hot (covering the crucible) then caſt them into cold water, by which means they will crack, and be eaſily reduced into a powder; Take the powder thereof, and put the like quantity of pure ſalt of Tartar thereto, which ſalt muſt not be made in any metalline but glaſſe veſſells, that it may have no mixture of any other colour. To this mixture you may adde what colour you pleaſe, which muſt be of a minerall or a metalline nature, then put them into a very ſtrong crucible which muſt be but half full, and then covered, and there melt them in a ſtrong fire till they become like glaſſe. Note that when this mixture is in melting you muſt put an iron rod into it and take up ſome of it, & if there appear no cornes of gravell in it, it is enough; If otherwiſe, you muſt melt it longer. The eſpeciall mineralls and metalls that give colours are theſe, viz. Copper, iron, ſilver, gold, Wiſmut, Magneſia, and granats.

Common copper makes a ſea-green; copper made out of iron a graſſe-green; granats, a ſmaragdine-green; iron yellow, or a Hyacinth colour; ſilver, white, yellow, green, and granat colour; gold a fine skie colour; Wiſmut common blew; magneſia, an amethyſt colour: And if you will mix two or three of theſe together, they will give other colous. For copper and ſilver mixed together give an amethyſt colour: copper, and iron a pale green; Wiſmut, and magneſia, a purple colour; ſilver and magneſia divers colours like as an Opall. If you would have this maſſe not to be tranſparent but opac, you may adde the calx of tin to it when it is in melting: as if you would make Lapis lazuli; then [•]o your mixture coloured with Wiſmut adde the calx of tin, and this mixture when it is almoſt ready to congeal caſt into a mould where ſome powder of gold hath been ſcattered, and by this means it wil become full of golden veins very like true lapis lazuli, which is very pleaſant to behold. You may by theſe foreſaid preparations caſt what formes or figures you pleaſe, of what colour you pleaſe.

The Metals, and Minerals for the making of colours ought to be thus prepared, viz.

Plates of copper muſt be made red hot, and then quenched in cold water, of which then take five or ſix graines, and mix them with an ounce of the aforeſaid mixture, and melt them all together, and they will colour it ſea-green.

Iron muſt be made into a Crocus in a reverberatory fire, and then eight or ten grains thereof will tinge the mixture into a yellow, or hyacinth colour.

Silver is to be diſſolved in Aqua fortis and precipitated with Oil of flints, then dulcified with water, and afterward dryed, of this five or ſix graines give a mingled colour.

Gold muſt be diſſolved in Aqua regis, and precipitated with the Liquor of flints, then ſweetened, and dryed, and five or ſix grains thereof giveth the fineſt ſaphir colour to an ounce of the mixture

If gold be melted with regulus martis nitroſus, five or ſix graines thereof give to an ounce of the maſſe a moſt incomparable rubine colour.

Magneſia may be powdred only, and then ten or twelve grains thereof make an amethyſt colour.

Wiſmut muſt be diſſolved in Aqua regis, and precipitated with Liquor of flints, then ſweetened, and dryed; and then of this foure or five graines turne an ounce of the maſſe into a ſaphir colour, but not ſo naturall as gold doth.

Granata may be powder only, and then ten or fifteen grains thereof tinge an ounce of the maſſe into a fine green colour not unlike to the naturall Smaragdine.

To prove what kinde of metall there is in any Ore, although you have but a very few graines thereof, ſo as that you cannot make proofe thereof the ordinary way with lead.

Take two or foure graines (if you have no greater quantity) of any Ore that you have, put it to halfe an ounce of Venice-glaſſe, and melt them together in a crucible, (the crucible being covered) and according to the tincture that the glaſſe receiveth from the Ore, ſo may you judge what kinde of metall there is in the Ore; for if it be a copper Ore, then the glaſſe will be tinged with a ſea-green colour.

If copper and iron, a glaſſe-green.

If iron, a darke yellow.

If tin, a pale yellow.

If ſilver, a whitiſh yellow.

If gold, a fine skie colour.

If gold and ſilver together, a Smaragdine colour.

If gold, ſilver, copper, and iron together, an amethyſt colour.

A pretty obſervation upon the melting of Copper and Tin together.

Firſt make two bullets of red copper of the ſame magnitude, make alſo two bullets of the pureſt tin in the ſame mould, as the others were made: weigh all four bullets, and obſerve the weight well: then melt the copper bullets firſt, upon them being melted put the two tin bullets, and melt them together, but have a care that the tin fume not away. Then caſt this molten mixture in the ſame moulds as before, and it will ſcarce make three bullets, but yet they weigh as heavy as they did before they were melted together.

I ſuppoſe the copper condenſeth the body of the tin, which before was very porous, which condenſation rather addes then diminiſheth the weight thereof.

A remarkable obſervation upon the melting of Salt Armoniack, and Calx vive together.

Take Salt armoniack, and Calx vive, of each a like quantity, mix, and melt them together. Note that Calx of it ſelfe will not melt in leſſe then eight houres with the ſtrongeſt fire that can be made, but being mixed with this ſalt melts in half an houre, and leſſe, like a metall, with an indifferent fire.

This mixture being thus melted becomes a hard ſtone, out of which you may ſtrike fire as out of a flint, which if you diſſolve again in water, you ſhall have the Salt armoniack in the ſame quantity as before, but fixed.

Note that hard things have their congelation from Salt armoniack, as hornes, bones and ſuch like; for little fixed ſalt can be extracted from them, only volatile and armoniack.

An ounce of any of theſe volatile ſalts, (as of hornes, bones, amber, and ſuch like) reduced into an acid Liquor by diſtillation, condenſeth, and indurateth a pound of Oily matter.

An eaſie and cheap powder like unto aurum fulminans.

Take of ſalt Tartar one part, Salt-peter three parts, Sulphur a third part, grind theſe well together, and dry them. A few graines of this powder being fired will give as great a clap as a musket when it is diſcharged.

To make an Antimoniall cup, and to cast divers figures of Antimony.

Take the beſt crude antimony very well powdered, Nitre, of each a po[•]nd, of crude Tartar finely powdered two pound, mix them well together, and put them into a crucible, cover the crucible, and melt them, and the regulus will fall to the bottome, and be like a melted metall, then pour it forth into a braſſe mortar, being firſt ſmeared over with Oil.

Or,
Take two parts of powdered Antimony, and four parts o[•] powder of crude Tartar, melt theſe as aforeſaid.

This regulus you may (when you have made enough of it) melt again and caſt it into what moulds you pleaſe, you may either make cups, or what pictures you pleaſe, and of what figures you pleaſe. You may caſt it into formes of ſhillings or halfe-crowns, either of which if you put it into two or three ounces of wine in an earthen glazed veſſell, or glaſſe, and infuſe in a moderate heat all night, you may have a Liquor in the morning which will cauſe vomit: of which the doſe is from two drams to two ounces and half.

Note that in the Wine you may put a little Cinamon to correct and give a more gratefull reliſh to it.

It is the cuſtome to fill the Antimoniall cup with Wine, and to put as much Wine round about betwixt that and the little earthen cup where it ſtands, and ſo infuſe it all night, and then drink up all that Wine: but I fear, that ſo much Wine will be too much as being three or four ounces when as we ſeldome exceed the quantity of two ounces of the infuſion of Antimony.

Theſe cups, or pictures will laſt for ever, and be as effectuall after a thouſand times infuſion as at firſt: and if they be broken at any time, (as eaſily they may being as brittle as glaſſe) they may be caſt again into what formes you pleaſe.

Note that he that caſts them muſt be skilfull in making his ſpawde, as alſo in ſcouring of them, and making them bright afterwards: for if they be carefully handled they will look even as bright as ſilver.

BOOK VI.

The Spagyricall Anatomy of Gold, and Silver, together with the Curioſities therein, and chiefest preparations thereof.

I Shall firſt endeavour to ſhew whence Gold had its originall, and what the matter thereof is. As Nature (ſaith Sandivogius) is in the will of God, and God created her: ſo nature made for her ſelfe a ſeed, (i.) her will in the elements. Now ſhe indeed is one, yet ſhe brings forth divers things; but ſhe operates nothing without a Sperme: whatſoever the Sperme will, nature operates, for ſhe is as it were the inſtrument of any artificers. The Sperme therefore of every thing is better, and more profitable then nature her ſelf: for thou ſhalt from nature without a Sperme, doe as much as a goldſmith without fire, or a husband without grain or ſeed. Now the Sperme of any thing is the Elixir, the balſame of ſulphur, and the ſame as Humidum Radicale is in metalls: but to proceed to what concernes our purpoſe. Four elements generate a Sperme, by the will of God, and imagination of nature: For as the Sperme of a man hath its center, or the veſſell of its ſeed in the kidneys: ſo the foure elements by their indeſinent motion (every one according to its quality) caſt forth a Sperme into the center of the earth, where it is digeſted, and by motion is ſent abroad. Now the center of the earth is a certaine empty place, where nothing can reſt: and the four elements ſend forth their qualities into the circumference of the center. As a male ſends forth his ſeed into the womb of the female, which after it hath received a due portion caſts out the reſt, ſo it happens in the center of the earth, that the magnetick powder of a part of any place attracts ſomething convenient to it ſelfe for the bringing forth of ſomething, and the reſt is caſt forth into ſtones and other excrements. For every thing hath its originall from this fountain, and there is nothing in the world produced but by this fountaine: as for example, ſet upon an even table a veſſell of water, which may be placed in the middle thereof, and round about it ſet divers things, and divers colours, alſo ſalt, &c. every thing by it ſelfe: then poure the water into the middle; and you ſhall ſee the water to run every way, and when any ſtreame toucheth the red colour, it will be made red by it, if the ſalt, it will contract the taſt of ſalt from it, and ſo of the reſt; Now the water doth not change the places, but the diverſity of places changeth the water. In like manner the ſeed or ſperme being caſt forth by the foure elements from the center of the earth unto the ſuperficies thereof paſſeth through various places, and according to the nature of the place is any thing produced: if it come to a pure place of earth, and water, a pure thing is made.

The ſeed, and ſperme of all things is but one, and yet it generates divers things, as it appears by the former example. The ſperme whileſt it is in the center is indifferent to all forms, but when it is come into any determinate place, it changeth no more its forme. The ſperme whileſt it is in the center can as eaſily produce a tree, as a metall, and an hearb as a ſtone, and one more precious then another according to the purity of the place. Now this ſperme is produced of elements thus. Theſe foure elements are never quiet but by reaſon of their contrariety mutually act one upon another; and every one of its ſelfe ſends forth its own ſubtilty, and they agree in the center. Now in this center is the Archaeus, the ſervant of nature, which mixing thoſe ſpermes together ſends them abroad, and by diſtillation ſublimes them by the heat of a continuall motion unto the ſuperficies of the earth: For the earth is porous, and this vapour (or wind, as the philoſophers call it) is by diſtilling through the pores of the earth reſolved into water, of which all things are produced. Let therefore as I ſaid before, all ſons of Art know that the ſperme of metals is not different from the ſperme of all things being, viz. a humid vapour. Therefore in vain do Artiſts endeavour the reduction of metals into their firſt matter, which is only a vapour. Now ſaith Bernard Treviſan when philoſophers ſpeak of a firſt matter they did not meane this vapour, but the ſecond matter which is an unctuous water, which to us is the firſt, becauſe we never find the former. Now the ſpecification of this vapour into diſtinct metals is thus. This vapour paſſeth in its diſtillation through the earth, through places either cold, or hot; if through hot, and pure where the fatneſſe of ſulphur ſticks to the ſides thereof, then that vapour (which philoſophers call the Mercury of philoſophers) mixeth, and joyneth it ſelf unto that fatneſſe, which afterward it ſublimes with it ſelfe, and then it becomes, leaving the name of a vapour, and unctuoſity, which afterwards coming by ſublimation into other places, which the antecedent vapour did purge, where the earth is ſubtle, pure, and humid, fils the pores thereof, and is joyned to it; and ſo it becomes gold: and where it is hot, and ſomething impure, ſilver. But if that fatneſſe come to impure places, which are cold, it is made lead: and if that place be pure and mixed with ſulphur, it becomes copper: for by how much the more pure and warm the place is, ſo much the more excellent doth it make the metalls.

Now this firſt matter of metals is a humid, viſcous, incombuſtible, ſubtle ſubſtance, incorporated with an earthy ſubtilty, being equally, and ſtrongly mixed per minima in the caverns of the earth. But as in many things there is a twofold unctuoſity (whereof one is as it were internall, retained in the center of the thing leſt it ſhould be deſtroyed by fire, which cannot be without the deſtruction of the ſubſtance it ſelfe wherein it is: the other as it were externall, feculent and combuſtible) ſo in all metalls except gold, there is a twofold unctuoſity: the one which is externall, ſulphurous, and inflamable, which is joyned to it by accident, and doth not belong to the totall union with the terreſtrial parts of the thing: the other is internall, and very ſubtle, incombuſtible, becauſe it is of the ſubſtantiall compoſition of Argent vive, and therefore cannot be deſtroyed by fire, unleſſe with the deſtruction of the whole ſubſtance, whence it appeares what the cauſe is that metalls are more or leſſe durable in the fire: For thoſe which abound with that internall unctuoſity are leſſe conſumed, as it appears in ſilver, and eſpecially in gold. Hence Roſarius ſaith, the philoſophers could never by any meanes find out any thing that could endure the fire; but that unctuous humidity only which is perfect, and incombuſtible. Geber alſo aſſerts the ſame, when he ſaith that imperfect bodies have ſuperfluous humidities, and ſulphureity generating a combuſtible blackneſſe in them, and corrupting them; they have alſo an impure, feculent and combuſtible tereſtriety ſo groſſe, as that it hinders ingreſſion, and fuſion: but a perfect metall, as gold, hath neither this ſulphurous or terreſtriall impurity; I mean when it is fully maturated and melted, for whileſt it is in concoction it hath both joyned to it, as you may ſee in the golden Ore, but when they doe not adhere to it ſo, but that it may be purified from them, which other metalls cannot, but are both deſtroyed together if you attempt to ſeparate the one from the other: Beſides gold hath ſo little of theſe corruptible principles mixed with it, that the inward ſulphur or metalline ſpirit doth ſometimes and in ſome places overcome them of it ſelfe, as we may ſee in the gold which is found very pure ſometimes in the ſuperficies of the earth, and in the ſea ſands, and is many times as pure as any refined gold.

Now this gold which is found in ſands and rivers, is not generated there, as ſaith Gregorius Agricola in his third book de Re Metallica, but is waſhed down from the mountains with fountaines that run from thence. There is alſo a flaming gold found (as Paracelſus ſaith) in the tops of mountaines, which is indeed ſeparated of it ſelfe from all impurities, and is as pure as any refined gold whatſoever. So that you ſee, that gold although it had an extrinſecall ſulphur and earth mixed with it, yet it is ſometimes ſeparated from it of it ſelfe, viz. by that fiery ſpirit that is in it. Now this pure gold (as ſaith Sandivogius) nature would have perfected into an elixir but was hindred by the crude air, which crude air is indeed nothing elſe but that extrinſecall ſulphur which it meets with and is joyned to in the earth, and which fills with its violence the pores thereof, and hinders the activity of the Spirit thereof; and this is that priſon which the ſulphur (as ſaith the aforeſaid author) is locked up in, ſo that it cannot act upon its body, viz. Mercury, and concoct it into the ſeed of gold; as otherwiſe it would doe: and this is that darke body (as faith Penotus) that is interpoſed betwixt the philoſophicall Sunne and Moone, and keeps off the influences of the one from the other. Now if any skilfull philoſopher could wittily ſeparate this adventitious impurity from gold whileſt it is yet living, he would ſet ſulphur at liberty, and for this his ſervice he would be gratified with three kingdomes, viz. Vegetable, Animall, and Minerall, I mean he could remove that great obſtruction which hinders gold from being digeſted into the Elixir. For, as ſaith Sandivogius, the Elixir, or Tincture of philoſophers, is nothing elſe but gold digeſted into the higheſt degree: for the gold of the vulgar is as an hearb without ſeed, but when gold (i.) living gold (for common gold never can by reaſon that the Spirits are bound up, and indeed as good as dead and not poſſibly to be reduced to that activity which is required for the producing of the ſperme of gold) is ripened it gives a ſeed, which multiplies even ad infinitum. Now the reaſon of this barrenneſſe of gold that it produceth not a ſeed is the aforeſaid crude aire, viz. impurities: You may ſee this illuſtrated by this example.

We ſee that Orenge-trees in Polonia doe grow like other trees, alſo in Italy, and elſewhere, where their native ſoyle is, and yeeld fruit, becauſe they have ſufficient heat, but in theſe colder colder countreys they are barren and never yeeld any fruit, becauſe they are oppreſſed with cold: but if at any time nature be wittily and ſweetly helped, then Art can perfect what nature could not. After the ſame manner it is in metalls; for gold would yeeld fruit, and ſeed in which it might multiply it ſelfe, if it were helped by the induſtry of the skilfull artiſt, who knew how to promote nature, (i.) to ſeparate theſe ſulphurous and earthly impurities from gold. For there is a ſufficient heat in living gold, which if it were ſtirred up by extrinſecall heat, to digeſt it into a ſeed. By extrinſecall heat I doe not mean the heat of the celeſtiall Sun, but that heat which is in the earth and ſtirres up the ſeed, (i.) the living ſpirit that is in all ſubteraneall ſperms to multiply, and indeed makes gold become gold. Now this is a heat of putrefaction occaſioned by acid ſpirits fermenting in the earth, as you may ſee by this example related by Albertus Magnus, but to which the reaſon was given by Sandivogius. There was ſaith the former author, certaine graines of gold found betwixt the teeth of a dead man in the grave: wherefore he conceived there was a power in the body of man to make and [•]ixe gold: but the reaſon is farre otherwiſe, as ſaith the latter authour: for ſaith he, Argent vive was by ſome phyſitian conveyed into the body of this man when he was alive, either by unction, or by turbith, or ſome ſuch way, as the cuſtome was; and it is the nature of Mercury to aſcend to the mouth of the patient, and through the excoriation of the mouth to be avoided with the flegme. Now then if in ſuch a cure the ſickman dyed, that Mercury not having paſſage out remained betwixt the teeth in the mouth, and that carcaſſe became the naturall veſſell of Mercury, and ſo for a long time being ſhut up was congealed by its proper ſulphur into gold by the naturall heat of putrefaction, being purified by the corroſive flegme of the carkaſſe, but if the minerall Mercury had not been brought in thither, gold had never been produced there: And this is a moſt true example that as mercury is by the proper ſulphur that is in it ſelfe, being ſtirred up and helped by an extrinſecall heat, coagulated into gold, unleſſe it be hindred by any accident, or have not a requiſite extrinſecall heat, or convenient place, ſo alſo that nature doth in the bowels of the earth produce of Mercury only gold and ſilver, and other metalls according to the diſpoſition of the place, and matrix; which aſſertion is further cleared by the rule of reduction, for if it be true that all things conſiſt of that which they may be reduced into, then gold conſiſts of Mercury, becauſe (as moſt grant, Paracelſus affirmes, and many at this day profeſſe they can doe) it may be reduced into it. There is a way by which the tincture of gold which is the ſoule thereof, and fixeth it, may be ſo fully extracted that the remaining ſubſtance will be ſublimed like Arſenick, and may be as eaſily reduced into Mercury as Sublimate. If ſo, and if all Mercury may be reduced into a tranſparent water, as it may (according to the proceſſe ſet down page 75. and as I know how another better and eaſier way to turn a pound of Mercury of it ſelf into a clear water in halfe an houre, which is one of the greateſt ſecrets I know, or care to know, together with what may be produced thence, and ſhall crave leave to be ſilent in) why may not that water in ſome ſenſe, if it be well rectified, be called a kinde of living gold out of which you may perhaps make a medicine, and a menſtruum unfit for the vulgar to know. It appears now from what is premiſed that the immediate matter of gold is probably Mercury, and not certaine ſalts and I know not what as many dream of, and that the extrinſecall heat is from within the earth, and not the heat of the ſun, as ſome imagine (becauſe in the hotteſt countreys there is all, or almoſt all gold generated) who if they conſidered that in cold countreys alſo are, and as in Scotland were gold mines in King James his time, would be of another mind then to think that the celeſtiall ſun could penetrate, ſo as to heat the earth ſo deep as moſt gold lies.

I now having in ſome meaſure diſcovered what the intrinſ[•]call, and extrinſecall heat, and the matter of gold is, I ſhall next endeavour to explaine what thoſe three principles are, viz. Salt, Sulphur, and Mercury, of which Argent vive, and gold conſiſt: Know therefore that after Nature had received from the moſt High God the priviledge of all things upon the Monarchy of this wourld, ſhe began to diſtribute places, and provinces to every thing, according to its dignity; and in the firſt place did conſtitute the foure elements to be the princes of the world, and that the will of the moſt High (in whoſe will Nature is placed) might be fulfilled, ordained that they ſhould act upon one another inceſſantly. The fire therefore began to act upon the aire, and produced ſulphur: The air alſo began to act upon the water, and produced Mercury: the water alſo began to act upon the earth, and produced ſalt. Now the earth not having whereō to act produced nothing, but became the ſubject of what was produced. So then there were produced three principles, but our ancient philoſophers not ſo ſtrictly conſidering the matter deſcribed only two acts of the elements, and ſo named but two principles, viz. Sulphur and Mercury: or elſe they were willing to be ſilent in the other, ſpeaking only to the ſon of Art.

The Sulphur therefore of philoſophers, (which indeed is the ſulphur of metalls, and of all things) is not, as many think, that common combuſtible ſulphur which is ſold in ſhops, but is another thing farre differing from that, and is incombuſtible, not burning, nor heating, but preſerving, and reſtoring all things which it is in, and it is the Calidum Innatum of every thing, the fire of nature, the created light, and of the nature of the fun, and is called the Sun; ſo that whatſoever in any thing is fiery, and airy, is ſulphur, not that any thing is wholly ſulphureous, but what in it is moſt thin, and ſubtle, having the eſſence of the naturall fire, and the nature of the created light, which indeed is that ſulphur which wiſe philoſophers have in all ages with great diligence endeavoured to extract, and with its proper Mercury to fix, and ſo to perfect the great Magiſtery of nature. Now of all things in the world there is nothing hath more of this ſulphur in it then gold and ſilver, but eſpecially gold, inſomuch that oftentimes it is called ſulphur, (i.) becauſe ſulphur is the moſt predominant, and excellent principle in it, and being in it more then in all things beſides.

Mercury is not here taken for common Argent vive; but it is the Humidum Radicale of every thing, that pure aqueous, unctuous, and viſcous humidity of the matter, and it is of the nature of the Moon, and it is called the Moone, and that for this reaſon, viz. becauſe it is humid, as alſo becauſe it is capable of receiving the influence and light of the Sun, viz. ſulphur.

Salt is that fixt permanent earth which is in the center of every thing that is incorruptible, and inalterable, and it is the ſupporter and nourſe of the Humidum Radicale, with which it is ſtrongly mixt. Now this ſalt hath in it a ſeed, viz. its Calidum Innatum, which is Sulphur, and its Humidum Radicale which is Mercury; and yet theſe three are not diſtinct or to be ſeparated, but are one homogeneall thing, having upon a different account divers names: for in reſpect of its heat, and fiery ſubſtance it is called Sulphur, in reſpect of its humidity, it is called Mercury, and in reſpect of its terreſtriall ſiccity it is called ſalt, all which are in gold perfectly united, depurated, and fixed.

Gold therefore is moſt noble, and ſolid of all metalls, of a yellow colour, compacted of principles digeſted to the utmoſt hight, and therefore fixed.

Silver is in the next place of dignity to Gold, and differs from it in digeſtion chiefly, I ſaid chiefly, becauſe there is ſome ſmall impurity beſides, adhering to ſilver.

Now having given ſome ſmall account of the originall matter, firſt, and ſecond, and manner of the growth of gold, I ſhall in the next place ſet downe ſome curioſities therein, and preparation thereof. The preparations are chiefly three, viz. Aurum potabile, which is the mixtion thereof with other Liquors: Oil of gold, which is gold liquid by it ſelfe without the mixture of any other Liquor: and the tincture, which is the extraction of the colour thereof.

Dr. Anthony's famous Aurum potabile, and Oil of gold.

Diſſolve pure fine gold in Aqua regis according to art (the Aqua regis being made of a pound of Aqua fortis, and foure ounces of ſalt Armo niack diſtilled together by Retort in ſand) which clear folution put into a large glaſſe of a wide neck, and upon it pour drop by drop Oil of Tartar made per deliquium, untill the Aqua regis which before was yellow become clear, and white, for that is a ſigne that all calx of gold is ſetled to the bottome: then let it ſtand all night, and in the morning pour off the clear Liquor, and waſh the calx four or five times with common ſpring water, being warmed, and dry it with a moſt gentle heat.

Note, and that wel, that if the heat be too great, the calx takes fire preſently like Gun-powder and flies away to thy danger and loſſe, therefore it is beſt to dry it in the ſun, or on a ſtone, ſtirring it diligently with a wooden ſpatle. To this calx adde halfe a part of the powder of ſulphur, mix them together and in an open crucible let the ſulphur burne away in the fire, putting a gentle fire to it at the firſt, and in the end a moſt ſtrong fire for the ſpace of an houre, that the calx may in ſome manner be reverberated, and become moſt ſubtle, which keep in a viall cloſe ſtopt for your uſe.

Then make a Spirit of urine after this manner, viz. Take the urine of a healthy man drinking Wine moderately, put it into a gourd, which you muſt ſtop cloſe, and ſet in horſedung for the ſpace of forty dayes, then diſtill it by Alembick in ſand into a large receiver, untill all the humidity be diſtilled off. Rectifie this Spirit by cohobation three times, that the Spirit only may riſe. Then diſtill it in ſand by a glaſſe with a long neck, having a large receiver annexed, and cloſed very well to it, and the Spirit will be elevated into the top of the veſſell like cryſtall without any aqueous humidity accompanying of it. Let this diſtillation be continued, untill all the Spirits be riſen. Theſe cryſtalls muſt be diſſolved in diſtilled rain-water, and be diſtilled as before, this muſt be done ſix times, and every time you muſt take freſh rain-water diſtilled. Then put theſe cryſtalls into a glaſſe bolthead, which cloſe Hermetically, and ſet in the moderate heat of a Balneum for the ſpace of fifteen dayes, that they may be reduced into a moſt clear Liquor. To this Liquor adde an equall weight of Spirit of Wine, very well rectified, and let them be digeſted in Balneo the ſpace of twelve dayes, in which time they will be united.

Then take the calx of gold aboveſaid, and poure upon it of theſe united Spirits as much as will cover them three fingers breadth, and digeſt them in a gentle heat, untill the Liquor be tinged as red as bloud; decant off the tincture, and put on more of the aforeſaid Spirits, and do as before till all the tincture be extracted, then put all the tincted Spirits together, and digeſt them ten or twelve dayes, after which time abſtract the Spirit with a gentle heat, and cohobate it once; and then the calx will remain in the bottome like an Oil as red as bloud, and of a pleaſant odour, and which will be diſſolved in any Liquor. Whereof this Oil may be the Succedaneum of true gold. If you diſtill the ſame ſolution by Retort in ſand there will come over after the firſt part of the menſtruum, the tincture with the other part thereof; as red as bloud, the earth which is left in the bottome of the veſſell being black, dry, ſpongious and light. The menſtruum muſt be vapoured away, and the Oil of gold will remain by it ſelf, which muſt be kept as a great treaſure: and this is Dr. Anthony's Aurum potabile.

Foure or eight graines of this Oil taken in what manner ſoever wonderfully refreſheth the Spirits, and workes ſeverall wayes, eſpecially by ſweat.

The true Oil of Gold.

Take an ounce of leafe-gold, diſſolve it in foure ounces of the rectified water of Mercury expreſſed page 75. digeſt them in horſe-dung the ſpace of two moneths, then evaporate the Mercuriall water, and at the bottome you ſhall have the true Oil of gold, which is radically diſſolved.

Another proceſſe hereof you may ſee page 71.

A Tincture of Gold.

Diſſolve pure gold in Aqua regis, precipitate it with the Oil of ſand into a yellow powder, which you muſt dulcifie with warme water, and then dry it (this will not be fired as Aurum fulminans) This powder is twice as heavie as the gold that was put in, the cauſe of which is the ſalt of the flints precipitating it ſelfe with the gold. Put this yellow powder into a crucible, and make it glow a little, and it will be turned into the higheſt, and faireſt purple that ever you ſaw, but if it ſtand longer it will be browne. Then poure upon it the ſtrongeſt Spirit of ſalt (for it will diſſolve it better then any Aqua regis) on which diſſolution poure on the beſt rectified Spirit of Wine, and digeſt them together, and by a long digeſtion, ſome part of the gold will fall to the bottome like a white ſnow, and may with Borax, Tartar and ſalt Nitre be melted into a white metall as heavy as gold, and afterwards with Antimony may recover its yellow colour againe, then evaporate the Spirit of ſalt, and of Wine, and the gold Tincture remaineth at the bottome and is of great vertue.

Another Tincture of Gold.

Take of the aforeſaid yellow Calx of gold precipitated with Oil of ſand, one part, and three or foure parts of the Liquor of ſand, or of cryſtalls; mix them well together, and put them into a crucible in a gentle heat at firſt, that the moiſture of the Oil may vapour away (which it will not do eaſily becauſe the dryneſſe of the ſand retaines the moiſture thereof, ſo that it flyeth away like molten allum, or borax) when no more will vapour away, encreaſe your fire, till the crucible be red hot, and the mixture ceaſe bubling: then put it into a wind furnace and cover it that no aſhes fall into it, and make a ſtrong fire about it for the ſpace of an houre, and the mixture will be turned into a tranſparent Rubie. Then take it out, and beat it, and extract the tincture with Spirit of wine, which will become like thin bloud, and that which remaines undiſſolved may be melted into a white metall as the former.

Another tincture of Gold.

Hang plates of gold over the fume of Argent vive, and they will become white, friable, and fluxil as wax. This is called the Magneſia of gold, as ſaith Paracelſus, in finding out of which (ſaith he) philoſophers, as Thomas Aquinas, and Rupeſciſſa with their followers took a great deale of paines, but in vaine, and it is a memorable ſecret and indeed very ſingular for the melting of metals that are not eaſily fluxil. Now then gold being thus prepared, and melted together with the Mercury, is become a brittle ſubſtance, which muſt be powdered and out of it a tincture may be drawn for the tranſmuting of metals.

Another Tincture.

Take halfe an ounce of pure gold, diſſolve it in Aqua regis, precipitate it with Oil of flints, dulcifie the calx with warme water and dry it, and ſo it is prepared for your work. Then take Regulus Martis powdered, and mix it with three parts of ſalt Nitre, both which put into a crucible and make them glow gently at firſt, then give a ſtrong melting fire, and then this mixture will become to be of a purple colour, which then take out, and beat to powder, and add to three parts of this, one part of the calx of gold prepared as before, put them into a wine furnace in a ſtrong crucible, and make them melt as a metall, ſo will the Nitrum antimoniatum in the melting take the calx of gold to it ſelfe, and diſſolve it, and the mixture will become to be of an Amethyſt colour. Let this ſtand flowing in the fire till the whole maſſe be as tranſparent as a Rubine, which you may try by taking a little out and cooling of it. If the mixture do not flow well, caſt in ſome more ſalt Nitre. When it is compleatly done caſt it forth being flowing into a brazen mortar, and it wil be like to an orientall Rubine; then powder it before it be cold, then put it into a viall and with the Spirit of Wine extract the tincture.

This is one of the beſt preparations of gold, and of moſt excellent uſe in medicine.

Another Tincture.

Firſt make a furnace fit for the purpoſe, which muſt be cloſe at the top and have a pipe to which a recipient with a flat bottome muſt be fitted: When this furnace is thus fitted, put in three or foure graines, not above at once, of Aurum fulminans, which aſſoon as the furnace is hot, flyeth away into the recipient through the pipe like a purple coloured fume, and is turned into a purple coloured powder, then put in three or four grains more, and doe as before, till you have enough flowers of gold (that which flyeth not away but remaineth at the bottome, may with borax be melted into good gold) then take them out and pour upon them rectified Spirit of Wine tartarizated, and digeſt them in aſhes till the ſpirit be coloured bloud red, which you muſt then evaporate and at the bottome will be a bloud red tincture of no ſmall vertue.

Aurum fulminans.

Take the pureſt gold you can get, pour on it four times as much Aqua regia, ſtop your glaſſe with a paper, and ſet it in warme aſhes, ſo will the Aqua regia in an houre or two take up the gold, and become a yellow water, if it be ſtrong enough: (be ſure that your gold hath no copper in it, for then your labour will be loſt) becauſe the copper will be precipitated with the gold, and hinder the firing thereof) then pour on this yellow water drop by drop pure Oil of Tartar made per deliquium, ſo will the gold be precipitated into a dark yellow powder, and the water be clear. Note that you pour not on more Oil of Tartar then is ſufficient for the precipitation, otherwiſe it will diſſolve part of the precipitated gold to thy prejudice. Pour off the clear Liquor by inclination, and dulcifie the calx with diſtilled rain-water warmed. Then ſet this calx in the ſun, or ſome warme place to dry, but take great heed, and eſpeciall care that you ſet it not in a place too hot, for it will preſently take fire, and fly away like thunder, not without [•]reat danger to the ſtanders by, if the quantity be great. This is the common way to make Aurum fulminans, and it hath conſiderable difficulties in the preparation. But the beſt way is to precipitate gold diſſolved in Aqua regis by the Spirit of ſalt Armoniack or of urine, for by this way the gold is made purer then by the other, and giveth a far greater crack and ſound. Note that the ſalt of the Spirits which is precipitated with the gold muſt be waſhed away, and the gold dulcified as before.

A few grains of this being fired give a crack and ſound as great as a musket when it is diſcharged, and will blow up any thing more forcibly, far then gunpowder, and it is a powder that will quickly and eaſily be fired.

This is of uſe for phyſick as it is in powder, but eſpecially it is uſed in making the foregoing tincture.

To make gold grow in a glaſſe like a tree, which is called the golden tree of the Philoſophers.

Take of Oil of ſand as much as you pleaſe, pour upon it the ſame quantity of Oil of Tartar per deliquium, ſhake them well together that they be incorporated and become as one Liquor of a thin conſiſtence, then is your Menſtruum or Liquor prepared. Then diſſolve gold in Aqua regia, and evaporate the Menſtruum and dry the Calx in the fire, but make it not too hot, for it will thereby loſe its growing quality, then take it out and break it into little bits, not into powder, put thoſe bits into the aforeſaid Liquor (that they may lye a fingers breadth the one from the other) in a very clear glaſſe. Keep the Liquor from the air, and you ſhall ſee that thoſe bits of the calx will preſently begin to grow; firſt they will ſwell, then they will put forth one or two ſtems, then divers branches and twigs ſo exactly, as that you can not chuſe but exceedingly to wonder. This growing is reall, and not imaginary only. Note that the glaſſe muſt ſtand ſtill, and not be moved.

Another way.

Calcine fine gold in Aqua regis, that it become a calx, which put into a gourd glaſſe, and pour upon it good and freſh Aqua regia, and the water of gradation, ſo that they cover the calx four fingers breadth, this Menſtruum abſtract in the third degree of fire untill no more will aſcend. This diſtilled water pour on it again and abſtract it as before, and this do ſo often till you ſee the gold riſe in the glaſſe, and grow in the forme of a tree having many boughs and leaves.

To make-Gold grow and be increaſed in the earth.

Take leaves of gold, and bury them in the earth which looks towards the Eaſt, and let it be often ſoiled with mans urine, and doves dung, and you ſhall ſee that in a ſhort time they will be increaſed.

The reaſon of this growth I conceive may be the golds attracting that univerſall vapour and ſperme that comes from the center through the earth (as hath been ſpoken in the anatomy of gold) and by the heat of putrefaction of the dung purifying and aſſimilating it to it ſelfe.

A remarkable obſervation upon a golden Marcaſite.

There is found a certaine ſtone in Bononia, which ſome call a golden Marcaſite, ſome a ſolarie Magnes, that receives light from the ſun in the day time, and gives it forth in the dark. About this there have been much reaſoning amongſt Philoſophers, as whether light be really a body, or any kinde of ſubſtance, or any accident only, and whether this ſtone had any gold in it or no, and what it did conſiſt of. Hee that firſt diſcovered it thought that he had found a thing that would tranſmute metals into gold, (by which it appears that there ſeemed to be ſomething of gold in it or ſomething more glorious then gold) but his hopes were fruſtrated by a fruitleſſe labour, notwithſtanding which I conceive there might be ſome immature or crude gold in it; for crude gold is a ſubject (being there is ſome life in it) that is moſt fit to receive the influences of the ſun according to the unanimous conſent of all Philoſophers, and therefore is by them not only called Solary but Sol (i.) the Sun it ſelfe.

It is prepared for the receiving of light thus, it is calcined two wayes, firſt it is brought into a moſt ſubtle powder with a very ſtrong fire in a crucible; ſecondly, being thus brought into a powder, is made up into cakes as big as a doller, or a piece of eight, either with common water alone, or with the white of an egge, put thoſe cakes being dryed by themſelves into a Winde Furnace S S S, with coales, and calcine them in a moſt ſtrong fire for the ſpace of foure or five houres. When the furnace is cold take them out, and if they be not ſufficiently calcined the firſt time, (which is known by their giving but little light,) then reiterate the calcination after the ſame manner as before, which is ſometimes to be done thrice. That is the beſt which is made with the choiſeſt ſtones that are clean, pure, and diaphanous, and gives the beſt light. With this being powdered you may make the formes of divers animalls of what ſhapes you pleaſe, which you muſt keep in boxes, and they will receive light from the ſun in the day time, give light in the night, or in a darke place, which light will vaniſh by degrees.

The vertues of the aforeſaid preparations of Gold.

With the aforeſaid preparations the Ancients did not only preſerve the health and ſtrength of their bodies, but alſo prolong their lives to a very old age, and not that only, but cured thorowly the Epilepſie, Apoplexie, Elephantia[•]ts, Leproſy, Melancholy, Madneſſe, the Quartain, the Gout, Dropſue, Pluri[•]y, all manner of Feavers, the Jaundiſe, Lues venerea, the Wolfe, Cancer, Noli ne tangere, Aſthma, Conſumption, the Stone, ſtopping of Urine, inward Impoſtumes, and ſuch like diſeaſes, which moſt men account incurable. For there is ſuch a potent fire lying in prepared gold, which doth not only conſume deadly humours, but alſo renews the very marrow of the bones, and raiſeth up the whole body of man being halfe dead.

They that uſe any of theſe preparations for any of the foregoing diſeaſes, muſt be take themſelves to their bed for the ſpace of two or three houres, and expect ſweating to enſue, for indeed it will ſend forth ſweat plentifully, and with eaſe, and leave no impurity or ſuperfluity in the whole body. Note that they muſt take it for ten dayes together in appropriated Liquors.

Let young men that expect long life, take any of the aforeſaid preparations once in a moneth, and in the morning; but they muſt abſtain from meat and drink, till the evening of the ſame day, for in that time that matter will be dig[•]ſted into the radicall humour; whereby the ſtrength of the body is wonderfully increaſed, beauty doth flouriſh moſt wonderfully, and continues till extream old age.

Let old men take it twice in a moneth, for by this meanes will their old age be freſh till the appointed time of death.

Let young women and maids take it once in a moneth after their menſtrua, for by this means they will look freſh and beautifull.

Let women that are in travell take it, and it will help and ſtrengthen them to bring forth without much paine, notwithſtanding many difficulties.

Let it be given to women that have paſt the years of their menſtrua once or twice in a moneth, and it will preſerve them very freſh, and many times cauſe their menſtrua to returne, and make them capable again of bearing children.

It cures the plague, and expells the matter of a carbuncle by ſweat moſt potently.

Whn I ſay that this, or it will do thus or thus, I mean any one of the forenamed preparations, viz. Aurum potabile, Oils, or Tincture of gold.

The preparations of Silver in generall.

All the ſeverall preparations of gold may, except that of Aurum fulminans, be applyed to ſilver, of which being thus prepared the vertues are inferiour to thoſe of gold, yet come neerer to them then thoſe of any other matter whatſoever, or howſoever prepared.

Note that ſilver hath ſome peculiar preparations which neither gold or any other metalls are capable of.

A green Tincture of Silver.

Take fine ſilver, and diſſolve it in twice ſo much rectified Spirit of Nitre, then abſtract halfe of the ſaid Spirit in ſand, let it ſtand a day or two in a cold place, and much of the ſilver will ſhoot into Cryſtals, and in oft doing moſt of it.

Theſe Cryſtals are very bitter, yet may be made into pills, and taken inwardly from three grains to twelve; they purge very ſecurely, and gently, and colour the lips, tongue, and mouth, black. If in this diſſolution of ſilver before it be brought to cryſtals, halfe ſo much Mercury be diſſolved and both ſhoot together into cryſtalls, you ſhall have a ſtone not much unlike to allum. This purgeth ſooner, and better, and is not ſo bitter; It coloureth the nails, hair, skin, if it be diſſolved in rain-water; with a lovely brown, red, or black, according as you put more or leſſe thereof.

Take of the aforeſaid cryſtalls of ſilver, mix with them a like quantity of pure Salt-peter well powdered, then put this mixture into the diſtilling veſſell expreſſed page 76. at the bottome of which muſt be powdered coales to the thickneſſe of two fingers breadth, then make a ſtrong fire that the veſſell and coals be red hot, put in a dram of the aforeſaid mixture, and it will preſently ſublime in a ſilver fume, into the recipient, which being ſetled, put in more, and ſo do till you have enough Take out the flowers, and digeſt them in the beſt alcholizated Spirit of Wine, that thereby the tincture may be extracted, which will be green.

A green Oil of Silver.

Take of the aboveſaid cryſtals of ſilver one part, of Spirit of ſalt armoniack two or three parts, digeſt them together in a glaſſe with a long neck, well ſtopt, twelve or fourteen dayes, ſo will the ſpirit of ſalt armoniack be coloured with a very ſpecious blew colour, pour it off, and filter it, then put it into a ſmall Retort, and draw off moſt of the Spirit of armoniack, and there will remain in the bottome a graſs-green Liquor. Then draw off all the Spirit, and there will remain in the bottome a ſalt, which may be purified with Spirit of Wine, or be put into a Retort, and then there will diſtill off a ſubtle Spirit, and a ſharp Oil.

This green Liquor is of great uſe for the gilding of all things preſently.

If you take common rain-water diſtilled, and diſſolve, and digeſt the aforeſaid cryſtals of ſilver for a few dayes, you ſhall after the appearance of divers colours find an eſſence at the bottome, not ſo bitter as the former, but ſweet, and in this Liquor may all metals in a gentle heat by long digeſtion be maturated, and made fit for medicine; but note that they muſt firſt be reduced into ſalts, for then they are no more dead bodies, but by this preparation have obtained a new life, and are the metals of Philoſophers.

To make Oil of Silver per deliquium.

Take of the aforeſaid ſalts, or cryſtals of ſilver, and reverberate them in a very gentle fire, then put them into a cellar on a marble ſtone, and they will in two moneths time be reſolved into a Liquor.

To make a Liquor of Silver, that ſhall make the glaſſe wherein it is ſo exceeding cold, that no man is able for the coldneſſe thereof to hold it in bis hand any long time.

Take the aforeſaid ſalt of ſilver, pour upon it the ſpirit of ſalt armoniack and diſſolve it throughly, and it will do as aboveſaid.

With a glaſſe being full of this Liquor you may condenſe the aire into water in the h[•]at of the ſummer, as alſo freeze water.

To make ſilver as white as ſnow.

Take of the calx of ſilver made by the diſſolution of it in aqua fortis, dulcifie it, and boyl it in a Lixivium made of ſopeaſhes, and it will be as white as any ſnow.

To make the ſilver tree of the Philoſophers.

Take four ounces of aqua fortis; in which diſſolve an ounce of fine ſilver, then take two ounces of aqua fortis in which is diſſolved half an ounce of argent vive, mix theſe two Liquors together in a clear glaſſe with a pinte of pure water, ſtop the glaſſe very cloſe, and you ſhall ſee day after day a tree to grow by little and little, which is wonderfull pleaſant to behold.

I Have ſet down ſeverall vulgar preparations of gold and ſilver, and of almoſt all things elſe, I ſhall now crave leave to give an account of ſome philoſophicall preparations of the Philoſophers gold and ſilver. For indeed the Art of preparing of them is the true Alchymie, in compariſon of which all the Chymicall diſcoveries are but abortives, and found out by accident, viz. by endeavouring after this. I would not have the world beleeve that I pretend to the underſtanding of them, yet I would have them know that I am not incredulous as touching the poſſibility of that great philoſophicall work which many have ſo much laboured after, and many have found. To me there is nothing in the world ſeemes more poſſible, and whoſoever ſhall without prejudice read over the Book entituled the New Light of Alchymie, ſhall almoſt whether he will or no (unleſſe he reſolves not to beleeve any thing though never ſo credible) be convinced of the poſſibility of it. What unworthineſſe God ſaw in gold more then in other things, that he ſhould deny the ſeed of multiplication (which is the perfection of the creatures) to it, and give it to all things beſides, ſeems to me to be a queſtion as hard to be reſolved, yea, and harder then the finding out the Elixir it ſelf, in the diſcovering of which the great[•]ſt difficulty is, not to be convinced of the eaſineſſe thereof. If the preparations were difficult many more would find it out then do (ſaith Sandiv[•]gius) for they caſt themſelves upon moſt difficult operations and are very [•]ubtle in difficult diſcoveries which the Philoſophers never dr[•]a[•]ed of. Nay ſaith the aforeſaid author, if Herme[•] himſelf were now living, together with the [•]ubtle-witted Geb[•]n, and moſt pro[•]ound Fa[•]mund Lullie, the would be accounted by our Chymiſts not for Philoſophers, but rather for learners. They were ignorant of thoſe ſo many diſtillations, ſo many circulations, ſo many calcinations, and ſo many other innumerable operations of Artiſts now a dayes uſed, which indeed men of this age did find out and invē [•]ed out of their books. Yet there is one thing wanting to us which they did, viz. to know how to make the philoſophers ſtone, or phyſical tincture, the proceſſes of which according to ſome philoſophers are theſe.

The proceſſe of the Elixir according to Paracelſus.

TAke the minerall Electrum being immature, and made very ſubtle, put it into its owne ſpheare, that the impurities, and ſuperfluiries may be waſhed away, then purge it as much as poſſibly you can with Stibium after the Alchymiſticall way, leſt by its impurity thou ſuffer prejudice. Then reſolve it in the ſtomach of an Eſtridge, which is brought forth in the earth, and through the ſharpneſſe of the Eagle is confortated in its vertue.

Now when the Electrum is conſumed, and hath after its ſolution received the colour of a Mary-gold, doe not forget to reduce it into a ſpirituall tranſparent eſſence, which is like to true Amber, then adde halfe ſo much, as the Electrum did weigh before its preparation, of the extended Eagle, and oftentimes abſtract from it the ſtomach of the Eſtridge, and by this meanes the Electrum will be made more ſpirituall. Now when the ſtomach of the Eſtridge is wearied with labour, it will be neceſſary to refreſh it and alwayes to abſtract it. Laſtly, when it hath again loſt its ſharpneſſe adde the tartarizated qu[•]nteſſence, yet ſo that it be ſpoyled of its redneſs the height of foure fingers, and that paſſe over with it. This doe ſo often till it be of it ſelfe white, and when it is enough, and thou ſeeſt that ſigne, ſublime it. So will the Electrum be converted into the whiteneſs of an exalted Eagle, and with a little more labour be tranſmuted into deep redneſſe, and then it is fit for medicine.

The proceſſe of the Elixir according to Divi Leſchi Genus Amo.

TAke of o[•]r earth through eleaven degrees, eleaven graines, of our gold, and not of the vulgar, one graine, of our lune, not of the vulgar, graines two; but be thou admoniſhed that thou take not the gold, and ſilver of the vulgar, for they are dead, but take ours which are living, then put them into our fire, and there will thence be made a dry Liquor: Firſt the earth will be reſolved into water, which is called the Mercury of Philoſophers, and in that water it will reſolve the bodies of the Sunne, and Moone, and conſume them that there remaine but the tenth part, with one part, and this will be the Humidum Radicale Metallicum. Then take the water of the ſalt Nitre of our earth, in which there is a living ſtreame if thou diggeſt the pit knee deep, take therefore the water of it, but take it clear, and ſet over it that Humidum Radicale, and put it over the fire of putrefaction and generation, but not ſuch as was that in the firſt operation. Governe all things with a great deale of diſcretion, untill there appeare colours like to the taile of a Peacock, govern it by digeſting of it, and be not weary, till theſe colours ceaſe, and there appeare throughout the whole, a green colour, and ſo of the reſt, and when thou ſhalt ſee in the bottome, aſhes of a fiery colour, and the water almoſt red, open the veſſell, dip in a feather, and ſmeere over ſome iron with it, if it tinge, have in readineſs that water which is the menſtruum of the world (out of the ſpheare of the Moone ſo often rectified, untill it can calcine gold) put in ſo much of that water as was the cold aire, which went in, boyl it again with the former fire untill it tinge again.

The proceſſe of the Philoſophers ſtone according to Pontanus.

TAke the matter, and grinde it with a phyſicall contrition, as diligently as may be, then ſet it upon the fire▪ and let the proportion of fire be known, viz. that it only ſtirre up the ma[•]ter, and in a ſhort time, that fire without any other laying on of hands, will accompliſh the whole work, becauſe it will putrefie, corrupt, generate, and perfect, and make to appeare the three principall colours, black, white, and red: And by the meanes of our fire, the medicine wil be multiplied, if it be joyned with the crude matter, not only in quantity but alſo in vertue. Withall they might therefore ſearch out this fire (which is minerall, equall, continuall, vapours not away, except it be too much ſtirred up; partakes of ſulphur, is taken from elſewhere then from the matter; pulle[•]h downe all things, diſſolveth, congealeth, and calcines, and is artificiall to find out, and that by a compendious, and neer way, without any coſt, at leaſt very ſmall, is not tranſmuted with the matter, becauſe it is not of the matter) and thou ſhalt attaine thy wiſh, becauſe it doth the whole work, and is the key of the Philoſophers, which they never revealed.

The Smaragdine table of Hermes from whence all Alchymie did ariſe.

TRue, without all falſity; certaine, and moſt true. That which is inferiour is as that which is ſuperiour; and that which is ſuperiour is as that which is inferiour, for the accompliſhing of the miracles of one thing. And as all things were from one, by the mediation of one, ſo all things have proceeded from this one thing by adaptation. The Father therefore is the Sun, and the Mother thereof the Moon; the wind carried it in its belly; The Nurſe thereof is the earth.

The father of all the perfection of the whole world is this: The vertue thereof is entire, if it be turned into earth. Thou ſhalt ſeparate the earth from the fire, the ſubtle from the thick, ſweetly, with a great deale of judgement. It aſcends from the earth up to heaven, and againe deſcends down to the earth, and receives the powers of ſuperiours, and inferiours. So thou haſt the glory of the whole world: Therefore let all obſcurity fly from thee. This is the ſtrong fortitude of the whole fortitude, becauſe it ſhall overcome every thing that is ſubtle, and penetrate every ſolid thing, as the world is created: Hence ſhall wonderfull adaptations be, whereof this is the manner, wherefore I am called Hermes Triſmegiſtus, having three parts of the philoſophy of the whole world. It is compleat, what I have ſpoken of the operation of the Sun.

FINIS.

THE London-Diſtiller, Exactly and truly ſhewing the way (in words at length and not in myſteſterious CHARACTERS and FIGURES) to draw all SORTS OF SPIRITS AND STRONG-WATERS: To which is added their Vertues, with Additions of many Excellent WATERS.

LONDON, Printed by E. Cotes, for Thomas Williams, at the Sign of the Bible in Little-Britain, 1652.

THE DISTILLER OF LONDON: OR, Rules and Directions for extracting and drawing of Low-Wines and Spirits, to be rediſtilled into Rich-Spirits, Strong-Waters, or Aqua-vitae.

WHereas ſome of the Profeſſours of Diſtillation, in and about London, have heretofore uſually drawn Strong waters, and Aqua vitae, &c. out of Wines, Low wines, and Small Spirits, &c. by one alone immediate extraction, operation, or diſtillation, (contrary to the moſt approved form of working in this our Art) and have been ſo opinionated of their own hereditary erroneous wayes, that they have eſteemed the manner and order here taught, to be altogether unneceſſary and improvident, in that there is here required Rediſtillation, which they have ever thought to be ſuperfluous: Not conſidering, that what they ſave by their ſeeming thrift, they loſe double in the excellency of their Wares, and otherwiſe. Wherefore that ſuch may not onely acquit themſelves of an aſperſion of ignorance (not undeſervedly caſt upon them) but alſo vindicate both their own, & the Companies reputation, for time to come: The directions following are henceforth by them and every Member of the Company, and their Succeſſours, duly and exactly to be obſerved and practiſed from time to time for ever hereafter.

That all Wines, Lees of Wines, Low Wines, and Spirits, under proof whatſoever (intended for making of rich or high Spirits, Strong Waters, or Aqua vitae, &c.) be firſt diſtilled, extracted, or drawn into ſtrong Proof-Spirit, where[•]y they may be corrected and cured of their natural, harſh, diſtaſteful, unſavory, or evil qualities, before they be compounded with ingredients, or extracted and drawn into rich or high Spirits, Strong waters, or Aqua vitae; according to Art, and as is required in the enſuing Rules.

And becauſe many groſſe abſurdities have been frequently practiſed in adulterating ſome, and abuſing others, of the materials uſed in Diſtillation, and otherwiſe by Diſtillers, by ſuch as onely reſpect their own particular gain regarding neither the profit or credit of Diſtillers that have been neceſſitated to make uſe of ſuch their il-conditioned Wares: Wherefore that theſe grievances may be removed for time to come, the Directions following are ſtrictly to be obſerved and practiſed by all the Members of this Company and their Succeſſors, from time to time for ever.

That no Afterworts or Waſh (made by Brewers, &c.) called Blew John, nor muſty, unſavory, or unwholeſome Tilts, or Dregs of Beer or Ale; nor unwholeſome or adulterated Wines, or Lees of Wines; nor unwholſome Sugar waters; muſty, unſavory, or unwholeſome returned Beer or Ale; nor rotten, corrupt, or unſavory Fruits, Drugs, Spices, Hearbs, Seeds, nor any other il-conditioned materials of what kind ſoever, ſhall henceforth be diſtilled, extracted, or drawn into Small Spirits, or Low Wines, or be any other wayes uſed, directly or indirectly, by any the Members of this Company, or their Succeſſors, at any time hereafter for ever.

And whereas of late times the Small Spirits or Low Wines, made and ſold, as well in and about London, as elſewhere in this Commonwealth, have been generally complained of, for their mean, weak, and poor condition; whereby many inconveniences have faln upon moſt of the Diſtillers in general; And that not through the alone practiſes of ſuch, as have no juſt title to, or intereſt in this incorporation; but even by ſome of the Diſtillers themſelves, who (notwithſtanding their pretences of being neceſſitated thereunto) have juſtly deſerved reproof, for yeelding to be Actors in a thing of ſuch ill conſequence to Diſtillers in general. Wherefore, that thoſe abuſes and diſorders may now be taken away, and the like prevented for time to come, the enſuing Rule is duly to be obſerved and practiſed.

That no Small ſpirits, or Low wines, ſhall henceforth be diſtilled, extracted, or made, and be allowed to be ſold, put to ſale, or uſed by any of the Members of the Company, or their Succeſſors: but ſuch onely, as out of which, by one alone rediſtillation, extraction, or operation, may be produced in quantity, at leaſt one third part thereof, of good ſtrong Proof-ſpirit, ſuch as is required in the Rules enſuing, for making rich, or high Spirits, Strong waters, or Aqua vitae, &c. under ſuch pains, penalties, and puniſhments, as by the Laws of the Commonwealth, Ordinances, or Orders of the Company, or otherwiſe, may be impoſed or inflicted on the contemners, neglecters, or oppoſers of theſe Directions.

Rules and Directions for THE COMPANY OF DISTILLERS OF LONDON, in general.

But more eſpecially for ſuch of them, as now do, or hereafter ſhall make VINEGARS, &c.

WHereas upon due examination it hath plainly appeared, That many inſufferable inconveniences have of late-faln upon this Company, and their Trade, in general; by reaſon of the diſorderly and abuſive expence and employment of Brewers Afterworts (called Waſh;) Inſomuch, that thereby not onely thoſe of this Company that have had no hand herein, but even the Diſtillers themſelves that have been the Delinquents, have intolerably ſuffered both in their Reputation and great decay of their Trades, by theſe their alone inconſiderate practiſes. For Reformation of the preſent diſorders and abuſes, and future prevention of the like, theſe enſuing Admonitions and directions are ſtrictly to be obſerved and practiſed, viz.

That no Member or Members of this Company, or their Succeſſors, nor any of them, at any time hereafter, for ever, by any way or means whatſoever (directly or indirrectly) ſhall or may, uſe, diſpoſe, convert or imploy, any After-worts (or Waſh, made by the Brewers or others) into Vinegar, Bear-eager, or Ale-eager, or either of them; or to or for any other uſe or imployment whatſoever, except onely to diſtil the ſame into Low wines or Spirits, to be [•]ediſtilled into Proof-ſpirit for the uſes aforeſaid, according to the true intent and meaning of theſe Directions, as they and every of them reſpect their Oaths by them taken (when they were made free, and received into this Incorporation:) And will undergo the penalties provided, or to be provided, by the Ordinances of this Company, or otherwiſe, to be impoſed or inflicted on the Contemners, Neglecters, or Oppoſers hereof.

Rule I.

PRovide three ſweet Tuns (or ſmaller Casks) place them orderly on Scantlings; provide good ſound white Rape, and ſuch well conditioned liquid Materials as are proper for this uſe, what ſuff[•]ceth (not muſty in any caſe.) Then number your Tuns, 1, 2, 3. Fil Tun 1, with Rape within ſix inches of the Bungue ſtop the Bungue with Cork or Wood very cloſe, and let it ſtand, and in few days it will gather heat, then being conveniently hot, fill up the veſſell within three inches of top full, with your liquid Materials without Dr[•]gs: ſtop it cloſe again: And at that inſtant, in like manner as before, fill Tun 2, with Rape, after a few dayes, that will be hot as the former was, then finding it conveniently hot, draw off Tun 1, and put it into Tun 2, and ſtop both cloſe: At the preſent fill Tun 3, with Rape, and order it in every reſpect, as you did the former. And when Tuns, 1 and 3, have gathered he[•]t ſufficient, fill up Tun 1, with freſh Liquor (as at firſt) and draw off Tun 2, and put it into Tun 3, and ſo let Tun 2, gather ſufficient heat again; Then draw off Tun 1, and put it into Tun 2. And at that preſent, you may draw off Tun 3, and put it into a ſtore Cask; for having paſſed three times through the Rape, it is thereby become to be good merchantable Ware.

And ſo in like order, ſupply one Veſſell from another, till you have finiſhed your work according to Art.

When all your liquid Materials are ſpent, ſo that you have no more to continue your work, then be ſure your Tuns ſtand neer ful, til you are provided of more Liquor, to put upon your Rape; for if your Rape (ſtanding dry) ſhould wax hot, you having nothing proper to ſupply the ſame, your Rape wil ſoon decay, and be utterly ſpoiled.

In Summer or warm weather, the Rape will gather ſufficient heat in two or three days; but in Winter it will require more time.

Rule II.

TAke 20 Quarters of good ſound Mault, convert it into 100 Barrels of good ſerviceable Ware (at the moſt) you muſt allow to this quantity, good ſweet Hops at leaſt 56 pound. And being well wrought according to Art, put it into ſweet Cask (Sweet-Oyl-Buts are beſt) fill them within 8 inches of the Bungues (being laid upon Scantlings in the Sun) let not the Head work over at the Bungues, and it will ſink to the bottom. Prepare little covers of wood fit to cover the Bungues, and larger covers to lay over them, to defend it from Rain falling into the Cask. Let the Bungues ſtand open only, when the Sun ſhines hot upon the Cask; but in cloſe or wet weather and nights, let both covers be alwayes kept on.

When the firſt Head of the Liquor is faln, then draw it from the Lee, into another clean ſweet Cask; and ſo afterward from Cask to Cask, as there ſhall be cauſe, till it come to perfection: Then draw it off into another ſound Cask, and ſo houſe it for uſe.

The largeſt Cask are the fitteſt to houſe, and keep Wares in for ſtore.

If your Wares grow long and ropy, then put a fit quantity of Allum into it, work it well together according to Art, and it will grow ſhort again.

THE DISTILLER OF LONDON: OR, Rules and Directions for Preparing, Compoſing, Diſtilling, Extracting, and making of rich Spirits, Strong-Waters, Aqua Vitaes, &c.

CHAP. I.

Of Aqua vitae, the firſt ſort,

The greater quantity.

TAke ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 Gallons, Aniſeeds bruiſed 1 pound, Diſtil them into ſtrong Proof Spirit according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Aniſeeds bruiſed 1 ounce 4 drams, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art.

CHAP. II.

Aqua vitae, the ſecond ſort.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Aniſeeds 2 pound, Carraway ſeeds Coriander ſeeds and 4 ounces. Diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Aniſeeds 3 ounces and a quarter, Caraway ſeeds Coriander ſeeds three drams. diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art.

CHAP. III.

Of Aniſeed Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Aniſeeds the beſt bruiſed five pound, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit; dulcifie it according to Art with five pound of white Sugar.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Aniſeeds the beſt bruiſed 8 ounces, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie it according to Art with 8 ounces of white Sugar.

Aniſeed water ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, breaketh flegm, and helpeth digeſtion.

It is alſo excellent agaiuſt the Tiſick, and ſhortneſſe of breath; and againſt wind in the Stomach and Body.

CHAP. IV.

Of Angelica Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth; Angelica roots a pound and a half or Angelica hearb green 7 pound and a half, Aniſeeds 16 ounces, flice the roots thin, or bruiſe them & the ſeeds, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit; dulcifie with 5 pound of white Sugar.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 8 pound, Angelica roots 2 ounces and a quarter; or Angelica hearb green 12 ounces, Aniſeeds 1 ounce 5 drams, Slice the roots thin, or bruiſe them and the ſeeds, diſtill them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with 8 ounces of Sugar.

Angelica water is very cordiall, ſtrengtheneth the Stomach and inw[•]rd parts: and is a good Preſervative againſt the plague and other infections.

CHAP. V.

Of Wormwood Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Aniſeeds bruiſed one pound, Wormwood common, leaves and ſeeds, ſtript, and dry 2 pound, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Aniſeeds bruiſed 1 ounce and 5 drams, Wormwood common, leaves and ſeeds ſtript, and dry 3 ounces and an half, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar half a pound.

Wormwood water conſumeth and breaketh Windel, killeth Worms, hindereth Vomiting, provoketh appetite, and ſtrengtheneth the ſtomach.

It is alſo a great Cordiall, and is very good against pains of the head proceeding of a cold cauſe.

CHAP. VI.

Of Balm Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Hearb balm dry [•]3 pound, Aniſeeds 1 pound; diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; dulcifie with white ſugar what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 8 pound Hearb, balm dry 4 ounces and an half, Aniſeeds 1 ounce 5 drams, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar eight ounces.

Balm water is good againſt the infirmities of the Mother, and is very comfortable for women in the time of their pains to take a little of it, for the ſooner and ſafer provoking of a ſpeedy delivery.

It is alſo a Cordiall and strengtheneth the heart.

CHAP. VII.

Of Mint Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Spear Mint dry 3 pound, Aniſeeds beſt 1 pound, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit; dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Spear Mint dry 4 ounces and 3 quarters, Aniſeed 1 ounce and 5 drams, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white ſugar what ſufficeth.

Mint water comferteth and ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, Heart, Liver, and Spleen, helpeth coneoction and is good againſt vomiting.

CHAP. VIII.

Of Roſemary Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Roſemary ſtript and dry 30 ounces, Aniſeeds of the beſt 16 ounces, diſtil them in to ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 8 pound, Roſemary ſtript and dry 3 ounces, Aniſeeds of the beſt 1 ounce 5 drams, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Roſemary water is very good againſt Dyſ[•]ntery or Bloudy Flux, proceeding of a cold cauſe, either drunk or three ſpoonfuls thereof adminiſtred in a convenient Gliſter.

It alſo preſerveth from vomiting, strengtheneth the Stomach, quickneth the Sight, and comforteth the Brain.

CHAP. IX.

Of Limon, or Orange Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Limon or Orange pils dry 30 ounces, Aniſeeds of the beſt 16 ounces, bruiſe the pils and ſeeds; diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Limon or Orange pils dry 3 ounces, Aniſeeds of the beſt 1 ounce 5 drams, bruiſe the pils and ſeeds, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Limon watter ſtrengtheneth and reviveth the feeble Spirits aromatizeth the Stomach, and is a great Cordiall.

It alſo openeth obſtructions, exceedingly breaketh wind in the Stomach, is as an healing Balſam to all the inward parts, and is a great Restorative to mans Nature.

CHAP. X.

Of Stomach Water the leſse.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Spear Mint, dry, Lovage roots dry, Aniſeeds of each 1 pound, Calamus Aromaticus, Ginger, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Imperatoria roots, Wormwood dry and ſtript, of each 8 ounces,

• Carraway
• Coriander
  • ſeeds, of each 6 ounces.
• Cummin ſeeds
• Cloves
  • of each three ounces,

Bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed; diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; dulcifie with white ſugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 8 pound, Spear Mints dry, Lovage roots dry, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce 5 drams; Calamus Aromaticus, Ginger, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Imperatoria roots, Wormwood dry and ſtript, of each 7 drams,

• Caraway
• Coriander
  • ſeeds of each 5 drams,
• Cummin ſeeds
• Cloves
  • of each 2 drams and an half,

Bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

CHAP. XI.

Stomach Water the greater.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Calamus Aromaticus 6 ounces, Guaiacum green Bark, Avens Roots dry, Galingale of each 4 ounces, Citron pils dry, Orange pils dry, White Cinamon of each 3 ounces; Wormwood Common dry, Wormwood Roman dry, Spear Mint, Roſemary tops, Coſtmary, Sweet Marjoram, Wild Thyme, all dry of each 2 ounces.

• Nutmegs
• Cinamon
  • of each 2 ounces and an half.
• Cubebs
• Cardamums
  • of each 1 ounce and an half.

Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Coriander ſeeds, of each 5 ounces; Aniſeeds a pound and half; bruiſe them all that are to be bruiſed; Diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, Dulcifie with white Sugar ten pound according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Calamus Aromaticus 5 drams, Guaiacum, green Bark, Avens roots dry, Galingale of each 4 ounces, Citron pils dry, Orange pils dry, White Cinamon of each 3 drams and a quarter, Wormwood Common dry, Wormwood Roman dry, Spear Mint Roſemary tops, Coſtmary, Sweet Marjoram, Wild Thyme, all dry, of each a dram and half, Nutmegs

• Cinamon
  • of each 2 drams,
• Cubebs
• Cardamums
  • of each a dram and a quarter,

ſweet Fennell ſeeds, Coriander ſeeds, of each half an ounce, Aniſeeds 2 ounces 3 drams, Bruiſe them all that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, Dulcifie with white Sugar 16 ounces, according to Art.

CHAP. XII.

Marjoram Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Sweet Marjoram dry 3 pound, Aniſeeds 16 ounces, Caraway 4 ounces, Calamus Aromaticus 6 ounces, bruiſe them, diſtil and dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Sweet Marjoram dry 5 ounces, Aniſeeds 1 ounce 5 drams, Caraway 3 drams and a quarter, Calamus Aromaticus 5 drams, bruiſe them, diſtil and dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces according to Art.

Marjoram water is good againſt the infirmities of the Liver and Spleen, cauſeth freeneſſe of breathing, and strengtheneth the Stomach and inward parts.

CHAP. XIII.

Vſquebach.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Aniſeeds 1 pound, Cloves 2 ounces, Nutmeg, Ginger, Caraway ſeeds of each four ounces: diſtil them into ſtrong proof Spirit according to Art. Then adde to the diſtilled water Licorice Spaniſh, Raifins ſolis of each 2 pound, bruiſe the Licorice and Raiſins; dulcifie with brown Sugar 5 pound, ſtir them well together, and ſo let it ſtand ten dayes, and then (being fine) draw it off and keep it for uſe.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Aniſeeds 1 ounce 5 drams, Cloves a dram and half, Nutmeg, Ginger, Caraway ſeeds of each 3 drams, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; then adde to the diſtilled water Licorice Spaniſh, Raiſins ſolis, of each 3 ounces a dram and half, bruiſe the Licorice and Raiſins, dulcifie with brown Sugar 8 ounces, ſtir them well together, and ſo let it ſtand ten dayes, and then (being fine) draw it off and keep it for uſe.

Ʋſquebach cureth the infirmities of the lungs, warmerh the Stomach, and cauſeth expectoration.

CHAP. XIV.

Balſamint Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong proof Spirit what ſufficeth, Balſamint dry two pound, Aniſeeds beſt 1 pound, Caraway ſeeds 4 ounc[•]s, Limon pils dry 8 ounces, bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit, Dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Balſamint dry 3 ounces a dram and half, Aniſeeds beſt one ounce 5 drams, Caraway ſeeds 3 drams, Limon pils dry 6 drams and an half, bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces according to Art.

Balſamint water comforteth the Stomach and expelleth wind.

CHAP. XV.

Roſa ſolis.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Cinamon of the beſt 8 ounces, Cloves 2 ounces, Nutmegs, Ginger, Caraway ſeeds, of each 4 ounces, Marigold flowers, Aniſeeds, of each 16 ounces, bruiſe them, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; then adde to the diſtilled water Licorice Spaniſh 1 pound, Raiſins ſolis, Brown Sugar, of each 5 pound, Red Sanders four ounces, bruiſe che Licorice and Raiſins, ſtir them well together, and let them ſtand 12 dayes, then being clear it may be drawn for uſe.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Cinamon of the beſt 6 drams and an half, Cloves a dram and half, Nutmegs, Ginger, Caraway ſeeds of each 3 drams, Marigold flowers, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce and 5 drams, bruiſe them, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, then adde to the diſtilled water Licorice Spaniſh an ounce 5 drams, Raiſins ſolis, Brown Sugar, of each 8 ounces, Red Sanders 3 drams, bruiſe the Licorice and Raiſins, ſtir them well together, and let them ſtand twelve dayes, then being clear it may be drawne for uſe.

This Roſaſolis is good againſt cold infirmities of the Stomach, helpeth digeſtion and expelleth wind.

CHAP. XVI.

Clove Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Cloves of the beſt 10 ounces, Aniſeeds 16 ounces, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Cloves of the beſt 1 ounce Aniſeeds 1 ounce and 5 drams, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Clove water helpeth digeſtion, breaketh wind, provoketh Ʋrine, comforteth the Heart, and ſtrengtheneth the Stomach, Liver and all the inward parts.

CHAP. XVII.

Cinamon Water Common.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Cinamon of the beſt 5 pound, Aniſeeds 10 ounces, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 7 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Cinamon of the beſt 8 ounces, Aniſeeds 1 ounce, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 12 ounces.

CHAP. XVIII.

Cinamon water Proper.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Cinamon beſt large ten pounds, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, take white Sugar 12 pound and an half, Roſe water four pound, make them into a Syrup, and dulcifie therewith according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Cinamon beſt large 16 ounces, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, take white Sugar 20 ounces, Roſe water 6 ounces 3 drams, make them into Syrup, and dulcifie therewith according Art.

Cinamon water is good againſt loathing of the Stomach, and a ſtinking breath.

It alſo ſtrengtheneth the Heart, Liver, Lungs, and Spleen, and comforteth the Brain and Sinews.

CHAP. XIX.

Sweet Fennell ſeed Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, ſweet Fennell ſeeds five pound, Caraway ſeeds 4 ounces, Aniſeeds 16 ounces, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Sweet Fennell ſeeds 8 ounces, Caraway ſeeds 3 drams, Aniſeeds an ounce and five drams, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Fennell water is good againſt the naſeouſneſſe of the Stomach, and eaſeth the pain thereof; digeſteth Flegm and expelleth Wind.

CHAP. XX.

Marigold Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Marigold flowers new gathered, pickt clean, 2 pecks heaped, bruiſe them, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Aniſeeds, of each 10 ounces, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar five pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Marigold flowers new gathered, pickt clean, what ſufficeth, bruiſe them, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Aniſeeds of each 1 ounce, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Marigold water comforteth the inward parts, and is good againſt infection.

CHAP. XXI.

Caraway Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Caraway ſeeds 30 ounces, Aniſeeds 10 ounces, Roſemary dry 4 ounces, Limon pils dry, Cloves of each 3 ounces, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar five pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Caraway ſeeds three ounces, Aniſeeds 1 ounce, Roſemary dry 3 drams, Limon pils dry, Cloves of each 2 drams and an half, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Caraway water is profitable againſt the cold grief of the Stomach, and Bowels, comforteth them and breaketh wind.

CHAP. XXII.

Nutmeg Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Nutmeg 20 ounces, Aniſeeds 10 ounces, bruiſe them, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 5 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Nutmegs beſt 2 ounces, Aniſeeds 1 ounce; bruiſe them, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 8 ounces.

Nutmeg water comforteth the Spirits, diſcuſſeth wind, Aromatizeth the Stomach, cauſeth a ſweet breath, and provoketh Ʋrine.

CHAP. XXIII.

Pretious Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit ten gallons,

• Enula Campana
• Avens
• Angelica
• Cyprus
• Calamus Aromaticus
• Saſſafras
  • Roots of each 5 ounces.
• Zedoary, Galingale, of each 4 ounces, Caſſia lignea, Lignum
• Rhodium, Yellow Sander of each 3 ounces,
• Citron
• Orange
  • pils dry, of each 6 ounces,

Cinamon White, Nutmegs, Maces, Ginger, of each 5 oun. Cinamon beſt 20 ounces, Cloves, Cardamums, Cubebs, of each 2 ounces, and an half, Sweet Chervile ſeeds, Baſil ſeeds, of each 3 ounces and an half, Coriander ſeeds, Sweet Fennell ſeeds of each ten ounces, Aniſeeds 20 ounces, bruiſe them, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit, and dulcifie with fine Sugar 15 pound according to Art; Let it ſtand till it be fine, then draw it off, and adde Musk one dram: Ambergreeſe 4 drams; then let it clear and draw it for uſe.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth,

• Enula Campana
• Avens
• Angelica
• Cyprus
• Calamus Aromaticus
• Saſſafras
  • Roots, of each half an ounce.
• Zedoary, Galingale, of each 3 drams, Caſſia lignea, Lignum
• Rhodium, Yellow Sanders, of each 2 drams and an halfe,
• Citron
• Orange
  • pils dry of each 4 drams and 3 quarters;

Cinamons White, Nutmegs, Maces, Ginger, of each half an ounce, Cinamon beſt 2 ounces, Cloves, Cardamums, Cubebs of each 2 drams, Sweet Chervile ſeeds, Baſil ſeeds of each three drams, Coriander ſeeds, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, of each 1 ounce, Aniſeeds 2 ounces, bruiſe them, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit, and dulcifie with fine Sugar 24 ounces according to Art, let it ſtand till it be fine; then draw it off and adde Musk 6 grains, Ambergreeſe 24 grains; then let it clear and draw it for uſe.

Pretious water is good against the Plague and Malignant [•]eavers: It alſo comforteth the Spirit, ſtrengtheneth the Heart preſerveth the Senſes, and relieveth languiſhing Nature.

CHAP. XXIV.

Wind Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Enula Campana roots dry, Aniſeeds of each 1 pound, Cyprus roots, Bark of the roots of Bay tree, or as much leaves, Saſſafras with the Bark, Cinamon white, of each 6 ounces, Calamus Aromaticus, Orange pils, dry of each 4 ounces, Clary, Red Mints, Calamint, Elder flowers, Camomile flowers, of each 5 ounces, Sweet Fennel ſeeds, Caraway ſeeds, Angelica ſeeds of each 3 ounces and an half, Coriander ſeeds, Cardamums, Cubebs, Grains of Paradiſe, Cloves, Ginger of each 2 ounces and a half, Pepper long and white of each 10 drams, bruiſe them all groſſely, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 10 pound, draw it for uſe when it is perfectly clear.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Enula Campana roots dry, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, Cyprus roots, Barks of the root of Bay tree, or as much leaves, Saſſafras with the Bark, Cinamon white, of each 4 drams and 3 quarters, Calamus Aromaticus, Orange pils dry, of each 3 drams, Clary, Red Mints, Calamint, Elder flowers, Camomile flowers, of each half an ounce, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Caraway ſeeds, Angelica ſeeds, of each 3 drams, Coriander ſeeds, Cardamums, Cubebs, Grains of Paradiſe, Cloves, Ginger, of each 2 drams, Pepper long and white, of each 1 dram, bruiſe them all groſſely, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 16 ounces, draw it for uſe when it is perfectly clear.

CHAP. XXV.

Water to procure Sweat.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Butter-bur-roots dry, 2 pound, Valerian, (common) Roots, Aniſeeds, of each one pound, Vincetoxicum roots, Saſſafras roots, with the Barke of each 8 ounces, Angelica hearb dry, Carduus Benedictus, Great Valerian Hearb and Roots, all dry; Scordium, of each twelve ounces, Cowſlip

• Marigold
• flowers, of each 10 ounces.

Juniper Berries 20 ounces, bruiſe them all, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art; dulcifie with white Sugar ten pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Butter-bur-roots dry, 3 ounces a dram and half, Valerian (common) Roots, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, Vincetoxicum roots, Saſſafras roots with the Bark, of each 6 drams and a half; Angelica Hearb dry, Carduus Benedictus, Great Valerian Hearb and Roots, all dry, Scordium of each, one ounce a dram and halfe,

• Cowſlip
• Marigold
  • flowers, of each 1 ounce,

Juniper Berries 2 ounces, bruiſe them all, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art; dulcifie with white Sugar 16 ounces.

CHAP. XXVI.

Surfeit Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Juniper berries two pound, Enula Campana Roots dry 1 pound, Calamus Aromaticus, Galingale, of each 4 ounces, Wormwood, Spear Mint, Red Mint, all dry, of each 2 ounces and an half, Caraway ſeeds, Angelica ſeeds, of each 2 ounces, Saſſafras Roots with the Bark, White Cinamon, of each 3 ounces, Nutmegs, Mace, Cloves, Ginger, of each 1 ounce, Red Ropy flower 4 pound, Aniſeeds 2 pound and an half, bruiſe them all, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 10 pound.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Juniper berries 3 ounces a dram and half, Enula Campana Roots dry 1 ounce 5 drams, Calamus Aromaticus, Galingale, of each 3 drams, Wormwood, Spear Mint, Red Mint, all dry, of each 2 drams; Caraway ſeeds, Angelica ſeeds, of each a dram and a half, Saſſafras Roots with the Bark, White Cinamon, of each 2 drams and a half, Nutmegs, Mace, Ginger, Cloves, of each 3 quarters of a dram, Red Poppy flower 6 ounces and a half, Aniſeeds 4 ounces, bruiſe them all, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, dulcifie with white Sugar 16 ounces.

CHAP. XXVII.

Scorbuticall Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Horſe Reddiſh roots dry 2 pound, Enula Campana roots dry, Aniſeeds, of each

• 1 pound, Water
• Winter
• Garden
  • Creſſes

Taragon, Balſamint, Scurvigraſſe (Garden) Wormwood, Brookelime, Trefoile (Water) Sweet Chervile, of each 6 ounces, Arſmart 8 ounces,

• Muſtard
• Bank-creſſe
• Rocket
• Reddiſh
  • ſeed, of each 3 ounces.
• Citron
• Orange
  • pils dry,

Cinamon White, Mace, of each 4 ounces: Bruiſe them all, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, Dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth; for uſe take 7 parts of this Spirit, and 1 part of juice of Limons, (or more) mingle them together, and dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Horſe Reddiſh roots dry, 3 ounces a dram and half, Enula Campana roots dry, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce 5 drams,

• Water
• Winter
• Garden
  • Creſſes,

Tarragon, Balſamint, Scurvygraſſe (Garden) Wormwood, Brookelime, Trefoile (Water) Sweet Chervile, of each half an ounce and three quarters of a dram, Arſmart three quarters of an ounce and half a dram,

• Muſtard
• Bank-creſſe
• Rocket
• Reddiſh
  • ſeeds, of each 2 drams and an half,
• Citron
• Orange
  • pils dry,

Cinamon White, Mace, of each 3 drams and a quarter, bruiſe them all, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit, according to art, dulcifie with white Sugar 1 pound; for uſe take 7 parts of this ſpirit, and 1 part of juice of Limons (or more) mingle them together, and dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth.

CHAP. XXVIII.

Plague Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Butter-bur-roots

• dry 1 pound, Garden
• Common
• Valerian roots dry,

Angelica roots, Imperatoria, Gentian, Enula Campana, Snakegraſſe roots, of each 6 ounces, Contra Yarva, Zedoary, Galingale, of each 4 ounces, Rue leaves dry, White Horehound, Scordium, Carduus Benedictus, of each 5 ounces, Elder flowers, Lavender, Maces of each 3 ounces, Citron pils dry, Juniper berries, of each 8 ounces, Green Walnuts with the husks 1 pound, Venus Triacle, Mithridate, of each 2 ounces, Aniſeeds beſt a pound and half; Camphire 1 ounce; diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 10 pound; For uſe, let the party infected take of this water 1 ounce, mingled with warm Poſſet drink (or any water proper in that caſe) and be kept very warm and ſweat well thereon.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Butterbur roots dry 1 ounce and 5 drams,

• Garden
• Common
  • Valerian roots dry,

Angelica roots, Imperatoria, Gentian, Enula Campana, Snakegraſſe roots, of each half an ounce and 3 quarters of a dram, Contra Yarva, Zedoary, Galingale, of each 3 drams and a quarter, Rue leaves dry, White Horehound, Scordium, Carduus Benedictus, of each half an ounce, Elder flowers, Lavender, Mace, of each 2 drams and a half, Citron pils dry, Juniper berries, of each 6 drams and a half, Green Walnuts with the husks 1 ounce 5 drams, Venus Triacle, Mithridate, of each a dram and half, Aniſeeds beſt 2 ounces 3 drams and a half, Camphire 3 quarters of a dram, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth; For uſe, let the party infected take of this water 1 ounce mingled with warm poſſet drink (or any water proper in that caſe) and be kept very warm, and ſweat well thereon.

CHAP. XXIX.

Lavender Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Lavender leaves dry three pound, Lavender flowerrs dry 2 pound, Maces half a pound, or Nutmegs 1 pound, Lavender Coffen dry 2 pound, Stoechados half a pound, bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Lavender leaves dry, 4 ounces 3 quarters and half a dram, Lavender flowers dry, 3 ounces a dram and half, Mace 6 drams and a half, Nutmeg one ounce, 5 drams, Lavender Cotten dry 3 ounces a dram and half, Stoechados 6 drams and a half, bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into proof Spirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 16 ounces.

Lavender water helpeth the paſſions of the Heart, Palſies, Cramps, Apoplexies, and reſtoreth the ſpeech loſt.

CHAP. XXX.

Sage Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Great Sage dry 3 pound, Red Sage dry 2 pound, Lavender flowers, Sage flowers, of each 1 pound, Lavender Cotten dry, Southernwood dry, of each 8 ounces, Nutmegs ten ounces; Bruiſe or beat them as is moſt proper, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Great Sage dry 4 ounces 3 quarters and half a dram, Red Sage dry 3 ounces a dram and a half, Lavender flowers, Sage flowers, of each 1 ounce a half and 1 dram, Lavender Cotten dry, Southern wood dry, of each 6 drams and a half, Nutmegs what ſufficeth; Bruiſe or beat them as is moſt proper, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with white Sugar 16 ounces.

Sage wattr is good for ſuch as are of a cold and flegmatick conſtitution, and for ſuch as are heavy and dull of ſpirit.

CHAP. XXXI.

Ros ſolis Proper.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Ros ſolis gathered in due ſeaſon, and clean pickt, 4 pound, Juniper berries 3 pound, Saſſafras rooted with the Bark, Caraway ſeeds, of each four ounces, Marigold flowers 1 pound, Aniſeeds 1 pound and an half, Bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; Take hereof 7 pound, adde thereto 1 pound of water treated of in the 23 Chapter dulcified Licorice bruiſed one pound, dulcifie with white Sugar ten pound: If you adde none of the aforeſaid water, then in ſtead thereof take Musk 1 dram, Ambergreeſe 3 drams, colour it with the tincture of July flower, or Roſes what ſufficeth according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Ros ſolis gathered in due ſeaſon, and clean pickt, ſix ounces 3 drams and a quarter, Juniper berries 4 ounces 6 drams and a half, Saſſafras roots with the Bark, Caraway ſeeds, of each 3 drams and a quarter, Marigold flowers 1 ounce a half and 1 dram, Aniſeeds 2 ounces 3 drams and a half, Bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; Take hereof ten ounces 1 dram and a half, adde thereto 1 ounce 5 drams of water treated of in the 23 Chapter dulcified. Licorice bruiſed 1 ounce 5 drams, dulcifie with white ſugar what ſufficeth, If you add none of the aforeſaid water, then in ſtead thereof, take Musk ſix grains, Ambergreeſe 18 grains; colour it with the tincture of July flower, or Roſes what ſufficeth, according to Art.

Ros ſo[••]s proper, openeth obſtruction, relieveth decaying Nature, comforteth the Stomach, quickneth Appetite, and is good againſt the Falling ſickneſſe.

CHAP. XXXII.

Water of Flower.

The great quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, and put it into a wide mouthed Pot, (or other Veſſell) ſtopt very cloſe; Take thoſe ſeverall flowers following in their ſeaſons, and being clean pickt, put them to the ſpirit in the Pot, viz. Cowſlips, Wood bine, Stock gilly flower of all three ſorts,

• Damask
• Musk
  • Roſes,
• Sweet Brier flowers, Clove July flowers, Llilium Convallium, Jaſmine, Citron
• Orange
  • flowers, or pils dry,
• Tillia Flowers,
• Garden
• Limon
• Wild
  • Thyme flowers,
• Lavender
• Marigold
• Chamomile
• Mellilot
• Elder
  • Flowers, of each half a pound,

Being furniſhed with all your flowers as above, when you would diſtill them, adde to them Aniſeeds 2 pound, Coriander 1 pound, bruiſe the ſeeds, It were beſt to bruiſe all the flowers, as you put them up into the ſpirit, for their more orderly working, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art, then adde to the diſtilled water Roſes, July flowers, Elder flowers of each 1 pound, after twelve dayes infuſion it may be drawn off; then dulcifie it with white Sugar 10 pound, and being fine it may be drawn for uſe.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit, 1 gallon; and put it into a wide mouthed pot (or other veſſel) ſtopt very cloſe; take thoſe ſeverall flowers following in their ſeaſons, and being clean pickt, put them to the ſpirit in the pot: viz. Cowſlips, Wood bine, Stock Gilly flower of the 3 ſorts,

• Damask
• Musk
  • Roſes,
• Sweet Brier flowers, Clove July flowers, Lilium Convallium,
• Jaſmine, Citron
• Orange
  • flowers, or pils dry,
• Tillia flowers,
• Garden
• Limon
• Wild
  • Thyme flowers,
• Lavender
• Marigold
• Chamomile
• Mellilot
• Elder
  • Flowers, of each 6 drams and a half,

Being furniſhed with all your flowers as above, when you would diſtil them, adde to them Aniſeeds 3 ounces a dram and half, Coriander 1 ounce 5 drams, bruiſe the ſeeds, it were beſt to bruiſe all the flowers, as you put them up into the ſpirit, for their more orderly working, diſtil them into ſtrong Proof ſpirit according to Art; Then adde to the diſtilled water Roſes, July flowers, Elder flowers, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, after 12 dayes infuſion it may be drawn off; then dulcifie it with white Sugar 1 pound, and being fine it may be drawn for uſe.

CHAP. XXXIII.

Water of Fruits.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 10 gallons, Juniper berries 4 pound,

• Quince
• Pipping
  • parings dry, of each 2 pound,

Limon pils, Orange pils dry, of each 1 pound, Nutmegs four ounces, Aniſeeds 2 pound, Cloves 2 ounces, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, to the ſpirit add Strawberries, Raſpiſſes bruiſed, of each 5 pound, ſtir them well together, and after ten dayes it being clear, may be drawn off; then dulcifie with ſyrup made as is hereafter taught, and ſo let it ſtand till it be clear, and then draw it off for uſe.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gallon, Juniper berries 6 ounces 3 drams and a quarter,

• Quince
• Pipping
  • parings dry, of each 3 ounces a dram and half,

Limon pils, Orange pils dry, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, Nutmegs 3 drams and a quarter, Aniſeeds 3 ounces a dram and half, Cloves 1 dram and a half, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, to the ſpirit adde Strawberries, Raſpiſſes bruiſed of each 8 ounces, ſtir them well together, and after 10 dayes, it being clear, may be dawn off; then dulcifie it with ſyrup made as is hereafter taught, and ſo let it ſtand till it be clear, and then draw it off for uſe.

CHAP. XXXIV.

Avens Water.

The greater quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit what ſufficeth, Avens roots 4 pound, Orris roots, Nutmeg Yellow Sanders, Mace, of each 2 ounces, Lignum Rhodium, Saffron, Storax, Benjamine, of each 1 ounce, Angelica roots 3 ounces, Limon pils green half a pound, Sweet Fennell ſeed, Aniſeeds, of each 1 pound, Cloves 10 drams, Roman Wormwood, Mint dry, of each 3 handfuls, Red Roſes, Stoechas flowers, of each 4 handfuls, Sweet Marjoram, Balm, Burnet, Thyme, all dry of each 6 handfuls, Alkermes berries 2 ounces, Bruiſe them all that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with Syrup[•] thus made; Take Roſe water 4 pound, white ſugar 10 pound, boile it to a ſyrup hight, then ſtrain it, and put it to the fire again, adde thereto confection of Alkerms 4 ounces, Syrup of Gilly flowers 1 pound, Ambergreeſe (diſſolved in Roſe water) 1 dram; and ſo let theſe boil a little, till they be incorporated with the Syrup, and ſo keep it for uſe.

The leſſer quantity.

Take ſtrong Proof ſpirit 1 gal. Avens roots 6 ounces 3 drams and a quarter, Orris roots, Nutmeg Yellow Sanders, Mace of each a dram and half, Lignum Rhodium, Saffron, Storax, Benjamine of each 3 quarters of a dram, Angelica roots 2 drams and a half; Limon pils green 6 drams and a half, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, Cloves 1 dram, Roman Wormwood, Mint dry, of each what ſnfficeth, Red Roſes, Stoechas flowers, of each what ſufficeth, Sweet Marjoram, Balm, Barnet, Thyme, all dry, of each what ſufficeth, Alkermes berries a dram and half, Bruiſe them all that are to be bruiſed, diſtil them into Proof ſpirit according to Art, dulcifie with Syrups thus made; Take Roſe water 6 ouuces 3 drams and quarter White Sugar 1 pound, boil it to a Syrup hight, then ſtrain it, and put it to the fire again, add thereto Confection of Alkerms 3 drams and a half, Syrup of Gilly flowers 1 ounce 5 drams, Ambergreeſe (diſſolved in Roſe water) 6 grains; and ſo let theſe boil a-little, till they be incorporated with the Syrup, and ſo keep it for uſe.

Avens water is a great Cordiall, ſtrengtheneth the Spirit, comforteth all the inward parts, and preſerveth from Conſumptions, and Meſadneſſe.

Additions to inrich theſe precedent Chapters, to which (by Numbers) theſe are referred.

Additions to the firſt and ſecond Chapters.

TAke July flowers, Roſes, Poppy and Sanders, or any of them ſeverally, what ſufficeth; and in[•]uſe them in Aqua vitae, or Proof ſpirit, till the tincture be be drawn out; then draw off the ſpirit, and reſerve it (cloſe ſtopt) for uſe. When you have occaſion to uſe it, take 8 ounces thereof to 7 pound and a half of this water, and you will give it a ſufficient colour, or you may take more at pleaſure without inconveniency.

Additions to the third Chapter.

The greater quantity.

• Take Aniſeeds,
• White Sugar,
• according to Art.
  • of each five pound, or what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

• Take Aniſeeds,
• White Sugar,
• according to Art.
  • 8 ounces.

Additions to the fourth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Caraway ſeeds, Coriander ſeeds, of each 3 ounces, Calamus Aromaticus, Zedoary, of each 4 ounces, Aniſeeds, Caſſia lignea, of each 8 ounces, Angelica Rootes 8 ounces, (or Hearb Angelica 2 pound) white Sugar 2 pound and half, or what ſufficeth.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Caroway ſeeds, Coriander ſeeds, of each 2 drams and a half, Calamus Aromaticus, Zedoary, of each 3 drams and 3 quarters, Aniſeeds, Caſſia lignea, of each 6 drams and a half, Angelica roots 6 drams and a half, or Hearb Angelica 3 ounces a dram and half, White Sugar 4 ounces, or what ſufficeth.

Additions to the fifth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Cinamon, Cubebs of each 4 ounces, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Aniſeeds of each 8 ounces, Cloves, Caraway ſeeds, Nutmegs, of each 3 ounces, Wormwood dry 10 ounces, White Sugar, 2 pound and a half, (or what ſufficeth).

The leſſer quantity.

Take Cinamon, Cubebs, of each three drams and a quarter, Sweet Fennel ſeeds, Aniſeeds, of each 6 drams and a half, Cloves, Caraway ſeeds, Nutmegs, of each 2 drams and a half, Wormwood dry 1 ounce, white Sugar 4 ounces, (or what ſufficeth.)

Additions to the ſixth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Garden Thyme, Penny royall, of each 3 handfuls, Cardamums 2 ounces, Sweet Fennell feeds, Aniſeeds, of each eight ounces, Balm dry 1 pound, Nutmeg, Ginger, Calamus Aromaticus, Galingale, Cinamon, of each 4 ounces.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Garden Thym, Penny royall, of each what ſufficeth, Cardamums a dram and half, Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Aniſeeds, of each 6 drams and an half, Balm dry 1 ounce 4 drams, Nutmeg, Ginger, Calamus Aromaticus, Galingale, Cinamon, of each 3 drams and a quarter.

Additions to the ſeventh Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Spear Mint dry, Aniſeeds, of each one pound, Calamus Aromaticus 4 ounces, White Sugar 2 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Spear Mint dry, Aniſeeds, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, Calamus Aromaticus 3 drams and a quarter, White Sugar 4 ounces.

Additions to the eight Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Cinamon, of each 8 ounces, A[••]ſeeds, Roſemary dry of each 1 pound, Caraway 2 ounces, Spear Mint dry, 2 handfuls, White Sugar 2 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Sweet Fennell ſeeds, Cinamon of each 6 drams and a half, Aniſeeds, Roſemary dry, of each 1 ounce five drams, Caraway 1 dram and a half, Spear Mint dry what ſufficeth, White Sugar 4 ounces.

Additions to the ninth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Caraway ſeeds 4 ounces, Aniſeeds, Limon pils dry, of each 1 pound, White Sugar 2 pound and a half, in like manner and quantity make your Compoſition, with Orange pils dry according to Art.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Caraway ſeeds 3 drams and 3 quarters, Aniſeeds, Limon pils dry, of each 1 ounce 5 drams, White Sugar 4 ounces; In like manner and quantity make your Compoſition with Orange pils dry according to Art.

Additions to the twelfth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Cinamon 5 ounces, Cloves 2 ounces, Limon pils dry 3 ounces, Sugar 2 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Cinamon half an ounce, Cloves a dram and halfe, Limon pils dry, 2 drams and a half, Sugar 4 ounces.

Addition to the fourteenth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Sweet Fennell, Cinamon, of each 5 ounces, Nutmeg 3 ounces, Sugar 2 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Sweet Fennell, Cinamon, of each 4 drams, Nutmegs 2 drams and a half, Sugar 4 ounces.

Additions to the fifteenth Chapter.

Take and adde to the ſpirit half as much as the rule of every particular Ingredient therein expreſſed, and in ſtead of Sanders give it the tincture of Roſes, July flowers, or Poppy, what ſufficeth according to Art.

Additions to rhe eighteenth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Musk, Ambergreeſe, of each half a dram, White Sugar candy in ſtead of common white Sugar, what ſufficeth according to Art. In reſpect that Musk in ſome cauſe, may give offence to the receiver: it is requiſite to omit the uſe there of in ſome of your water of this kind, to ſerve for ſuch ſpeciall uſes.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Musk, Ambergreeſe of each 3 grains, White Sugar Candy in ſtead of Common white Sugar, what ſufficeth according to Art. In reſpect that Musk for ſome cauſes may give offence to the receiver, it is requiſite to omit the uſe thereof in ſome of your water of this kind to ſerve for ſuch ſpeciall uſes.

Additions to the ninteenth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Sweet Fennell ſeeds 5 pound, Caraway ſeeds four ounces, Aniſeeds 1 pound, Cinamon eight ounces, Cloves 2 ounces, Sugar 2 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Sweet Fennell ſeeds 8 ounces, Caraway ſeeds three drams and a quarter, Aniſeeds 1 ounce 5 drams, Cinamon 6 drams and a half, Cloves a dram and half, Sugar 4 ounces.

Additions to the twentieth Chapter.

The greater quantity.

Take Cinamon, Sweet Fennell of each 5 ounces, Caraway, Cloves of each 2 ounces, Marigolds 2 gallons, Sugar 2 pound and a half.

The leſſer quantity.

Take Cinamon, Sweet Fennell, of each 4 drams, Caraway, Cloves of each a dram and half, Marigolds what ſufficeth, Sugar 4 ounces.

Additions to the twenty third Chapter.

[The Syrup for dulcifying the water is thus to be made.

Take Apricots, Quinces, Cherries, Engliſh Currants, of each what ſufficeth, all full ripe, and of equall weight, when they are thus prepared as followeth;

Prepare the Quinces and Apricots, and take out the ſtones and kernels, and ſlice them very thin, ſtone the Cherries and bruiſe them and the Currants; then lay them into a flat Baſon or Pan thus: a lane of fruit of a fingers thickneſſe, and then a lane of White powder Sugar of like thickneſſe, and ſo proceed in order lane upon lane till all be be laid into the Baſon: then poure on good Aqua vitae gently, till all be covered therewith; and ſo let it ſtand 2 houres; then bruiſe or poſh them all together, and preſſe out the juice as dry as poſſibly you can through a thick linnen bag: Then take the juice, and let it ſtand till it be ſetled clear, which juice by a gentle exhalation in a hot bath, boyl up to a ſyrup hight according to Art, and keep it for uſe. To every eight pound of the Spirit, put a pound of this Syrup, and when it is clear draw it off for uſe.

The Furnace uſed in the drawing of the preceding Spirits and waters.

A, Sheweth the bottome which ought to be of Copper.

C, The barrell filled with cold water to refrigerate and condenſate the water and oyle that run through it.

D, A pipe of braſſe or pewter, or rather a worm of Tin running through the barrell.

E, The Alembick ſet in the furnace with the fire under it.

Excellent Waters for ſeverall uſes.

CHAP. I.

A water to cauſe Hair faln to grow again.

TAke Mountain Hyſop, Mountain Calamint, leaves of Southernwood, of each two handfuls,

• Canary Wine
• Urine
• Hony
• Milk
  • of each two pound.

Muſtard ſeed half a ponud, bruife what is to be bruiſed, Macerate them three dayes, then diſtil them in Balneo.

CHAP. II.

A water to cauſe hair taken off never to grow again.

Take ſeeds of Henbane bruiſed 2 pound, lay it a while in ſome moiſt place, then adde great ſtone-crop half a pound, diſtil it according to Art.

Another.

• Take bloud of Frogs
• Terrae Sigillatae
• Sumach
• Roſes
• Sorrell
• Houſleeks
  • what is ſufficient.

Macerate them together 24 houres, then diſtil them in Balneo.

CHAP. III.

A water to take away ſpots in the Face.

Take Aſſes Milk four pound, White wine 1 pound, the inſide of two new loaves, 12 Egges with the ſhels, Sugar-Candy 3 drams, Mix them well together and diſtil them.

CHAP. IV.

A water againſt Scabs.

Take Sorrell water 2 pound, Juice of Plaintane, Roſe water, of each 4 ounces, Juice of Limons 2 ounces, Lytharge 6 ounces, Ceruſe, Sublimate, of each half an ounce, Sulphure vive 3 drams, bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed; then infuſe them 24 houres, and after diſtill them according to Art.

CHAP. V.

A water to preſerve the Sight.

• Take Fennell
• Vervains
• Eye-bright
• Endive
• Betonies
• Red Roſes
• Venus Hair
  • of each three handfuls.

Bruiſe the Hearbs and macerate them 24 houres in white wine, (as much as is ſufficient) then diſtil them in a limbeck in Balneo.

Another.

• Take Fennell
• Celandine
• Sage
• Roſemary
• Vervain
• Rue
  • of each equall parts.
• Prepare as it before.

CHAP. VI.

A water to reſtore the ſight decayed.

• Take Fennell
• Celandine
• Vervaine
• Rue
• Leaves of Enula
• Fullers Teeſell
• Milfoile
  • of each one handfull.
• Camphire half a dram.

Bruiſe them and diſtil them in an Alembick.

CHAP. VII.

A water againſt the Gout.

Take Licorice half a pound, Aniſeeds 1 pound, Cinamon 3 ounces, Galingale

• Ginger
• Roots of Iroes
• Enula Campana
• Seeds of Fennell
• Caraway
• Amomum
• Ammi
• Piony
• Baſil
• Savory
• Marjoram
  • of each one ounce.

Juniper Berries 2 ounces, Ground Ivie half a handfull, Long Pepper, Calamus, Spikenard, Mace, of each 3 drams, Valerian 1 dram, Roots of Angelica half an ounce, Cyprus 4 ounces, Lignum Aloes half an ounce, Sugar 4 ounces, Maliga Wine, or ſtrong Ale 32 pound, Prepare and diſtil them according to Art.

This water taken inwardly ſtrengthens cold and weak Stomachs and breaks the Stone.

Outwardly applyed it eaſeth the Gout, enlargeth Sinews that are ſhrunk, and is good againſt all aches and paſſion proceeding from melancholy and cold.

CHAP. VIII.

A Water for the Web and ſpots in the Eyes.

• Take Rue
• Plantaine
• Red roſes
• Red Poppies
• Vervaine
• Celandine leaves
  • of each 1 ounce.

Red roſe water 1 pound, Rich white wine 1 pound and an half, Tutia prepared 1 dram, Aloes Hepatick an ounce and a half, Cloves 1 ounce, Powder, prepare and diſtil them according to Art. Drop the water into the Eyes morning and evening.

CHAP. IX.

A water for Tetters, Fiſtulas, Cankers, &c.

Take ſtrong white Wine Vinegar 8 pound, Wood Aſhes 1 pound, Infuſe them 3 dayes naturall, and ſtir them twice a day, then put thereto unſlaked lime 1 pound, let it ſtand other three dayes, and ſtir it as before, when it is well ſetled, Filtre off the clear Lee, and put thereto

• Sal Gemme
• Salt Alkali
• Salis Vitae
• Salt Armoniac
• Salt of Tartar
  • of each one dram.

Calx of Egge ſhels, and Calx vive, of each 1 dram, Grind all theſe together, and temper them with the ſaid Lee; put them into a Glaſs lembick and diſtil them in Balneo; give it the firſt 24 houres no more heat then will make it, and keep it warm: after that diſtil it off according to Art.

CHAP. X.

A water agoinſt redneſſe of the Face and to beautifie the Skin.

• Take Wild Purſlaine
• Mallows
• Nightſhade
• Plantain with the ſeeds
  • of each three handfuls.

The Whites of 12 Egges, Limons number 12, Roch Allum, 4 ounces, prepair and diſtil them according to Art.

Another.

Take Calx of Egge ſhels, White Corall pulverized, of each 2 ounces, Salt calcinated, and Borax, of each 6 ounces, Gum Tragagant 5 ounces, Roots of white Lillies, number 6, White Sope 8 pound, Styrax, Calamita, Belzoin, of each 4 ounces, Mix and diſtil them by Alembick.

Another of the ſame vertue.

Take Wine Vinegar half a pound, Lytharge of gold 1 ounce and a half, Ceruſe 1 ounce, Sal Gem 6 drams, Roch Alum half an ounce, Borax, Sulphure vive, Salt Nitre, of each three drams, Camphire half a dram, prepare and diſtil them according to Art.

CHAP. XI.

A water againſt the inordinate Flux of Teares.

Take ripe Strawberries as many as you pleaſe, ſet them to digeſt in Horſe dung 15 dayes, then diſtil them in Balneo.

Or thus,

Take Flowers of the white Thorn, Leaves or tops of the Willow, Eye-bright, of each what ſufficeth, diſtil them as before.

CHAP. XII.

A water againſt redneſſe of the Eyes.

• Take juice of Celandine
• Rue
• Vervaine
• Fennel
  • of each three ounces.

Tops and leaves of Roſes of each what ſufficeth▪ Sugar Candy 3 ounces, of the beſt Tutia

• Sanguis Drac[•]nis
  • of each four ounces.

Bruiſe them that are to be bruiſed, and diſtil them according to Art.

CHAP. XIII.

A Water to clenſe and dry a ſharp Ʋlcer.

Take Crude Allum 2 ounces, white of Egges, number 15.

• Juice of Purſlaine
• Plantaine
• Nightſhade
• Nicotian
• Houſeleek
• Water of Meadſweet
• Trinity graſſe
• Roſes
  • of each 4 ounces.

Labour them well together and draw off the Water by an Alembick of Glaſſe in Balneo.

CHAP. XIV.

A water to make the Teeth white.

Take Allum 6 ounces, Common Salt 3 ounces,

• Myrrhe
• Maſtick
• Cloves
  • of each 6 drams.

Mix, bruiſe and diſtil them according to Art.

CHAP. XV.

A Water to take away the marks of the Small Pox.

• Take Maſtick
• Myrrhe
• Aloes Hepatick
• Nard
• Sanguis Draconis
• Olibanum
• Opopanax
• Bdelium
• Carpobal ſamum
• Saffron
• Gum Arabick
• Liquid Storax
  • of each 2 drams and a handful

Beat what is to be beaten, then adde thereto of clear Turpentine equall weight: diſtil them according to Art.

CHAP. XVI.

A Water to Cicatrize Ʋlcers.

Take red Wine 2 pound, Plantaine water half a pound, Roſe water four ounces,

• Juice of Plantaine
• Vervaine
• Shepheards Purſe
• Knotgraſſe
• Centaury the leſſe
• Comfery the greater and leſſer
  • of each 2 ounces.

Crude Allum 1 pound, Cypreſſe Nuts 3 ounces, Pomgranate flowers half an ounce, Pomgranate pils 3 ounces, Gals half an ounce, Bark of the Oak, Sumach, of each five drams, Turpentine 3 ounces, Crude Honey half a pound, Maſtick, Olibanum, of each ten drams, Sarcocoll 2 ounces, Burnt Vitriol, Burnt lead, of each 1 dram, Bole Armoniack 3 ounces, Caſſia lignea halfan ounce, Round Birtwort 3 ounces.

Powder what is to be powdred, then mix and diſtil them.

Another.

• Take Maſtick
• Myrrhe
• Olibanum
• Sarcocoll
• Mummie
  • of each 3 drams.
• Frankincenſe 1 ounce,
• Nutmegs
• Cinamon
• Cloves
• Cubebs
  • of each 2 drams.
• Cyprus Nuts half an ounce.
• Flowers
• Barkes
  • of Pomgranates, of each 1 dram.
• Bole Armoniack 1 ounce, Sanguis Draconis half an ounce,
• Red Roſes 3 drams, Roch Allum 1 pound, Vitriol 7 drams,
• Clarifi[•]d Honey 1 ounce, Aqua vitae a pound and half, White
• Wine 1 pound,
• Juice of Plantaine
• Nightſhade
• Comfery of the greater and leſſer
  • of each 4 ounces,

Water wherein iron hath been quenched 4 pound, Powder what is to be powdred; and infuſe them all night in Aqua vitae, in the morning draw forth the water by Alembick.

CHAP. XVII.

A Water for Ʋlcers.

Take White Wine 4 pound, Plantain water 2 pound, Allum half a pound, White Copperas 5 ounces, Crude Honey 1 pound, Licorice Raſped 1 pound, Bole Armoniack 5 ounces, Camphire an ounce and half, Mercury ſublimated 2 drams, Bruiſe what is to be bruiſed, and diſtil them by Alembick.

CHAP. XVIII.

A Water for hollow Ʋlcers.

Take Fountaine water, Red Wine, of each 2 pound and a halt, Red Roſes four ounces;

• Flowers
• Rindes
• of Pomgranates, of each 2 ounces and a half.
• Sumach 2 ounces
• Sage a handfull
• Comfery the greater and leſſer of each half a handfull.

Sarcocoll 3 ounces, Maſtick 2 ounces, Olibanum 1 ounce, Honey 1 pound, water of Turpentine a pound and a half, bruiſe what is to be bruiſed, and diſtil them through a lembick of Glaſſe with a gentle fire.

CHAP. XIX.

A Cicatrizing Water.

Take water wherein Iron hath been quenched four pound, Aqua Balſami veri four pound, Turpentine a pound and half, Crude Honey 1 pound, Allum 10 ounces, white Copperas five ounces, Bole Armoniack 7 ounces, Mercury ſublimated half a dram, leaves of Plantain, Comfery the greater, middle and leſſer, Teaſill, Knotgraſſe, St. Johns Wort, of each a handful and a half, Frankincenſe 2 ounces, Olibanum, White Sanders, of each half an ounce, Red Roſes, a handfull and a half, Caſſia Lignea, Cinamon, of each 3 drams; for the firſt diſtillation; then take Turpentine 1 pound, Maſtick 3 drams, pure Rozen 6 ounces, Cinamon, Cloves, of each 2 drams; Pomgranate rinds half an ounce, Cyprus Nuts 1 ounce and a half, White Copperas two ounces, Allum 3 ounces, Olibanum 4 ounces, Sanguis draconis an ounce and a half, Aqua Balſam. veri 1 pound for the ſecond diſtillation: Afterwards,

Take Flowers of St. Johns Wort, Sage, Roſemary, Carduus Benedictus, Centaury, of each 1 ounce, Maſtick, Red Sanders, of each 3 drams, Wood of Aloes 2 ſcruples, Cubebs one dram, Aqua vitae half a pound, Burnt Allum, White Tartar, of each an ounce and a half, Myrrhe half an ounce, Earth Wormes in powder 1 dram, the middle Bark of the Oak 6 ounces, Caſſia lignea three drams, White Copperas 1 ounce, Rindes of Pomgranates half an ounce, Cinamon 2 drams, Flowers of Pomgranates 1 dram, Guaiacum four ounces, Carpobalſamum, Xylobalſamum, of each 1 dram, Myrtles, Mummie, of each 2 drams, Borax half an ounce, Cloves 2 drams,

• Tormentill
• Gentian
• of each 2 drams and a half,
• Round Birt-wort

This is for the laſt diſtillation, afterwards adde

Burnt Allum half an ounce, White Copperas 2 drams, Maſtick 1 ounce in fine powder, and then keep it for uſe.

CHAP. XX.

A water for hollow Wounds.

Take Fountain water, Red Wine, of each 2 ounces & an half, Red Roſes 4 ounces, Pomgranat flowers, Pomgranate rindes, of each 2 ounces and a half, Sumach 2 ounces, Sage 1 handfull, both the Co[•]feries, of each a handfull, Allum half a pound, Sarcocoll 3 ounces, Maſtick 2 ounces Olibanum 1 ounce, Honey 1 pound, water of Turpentine a pound and a half.

Prepare the Ingredients according to Art, and then diſtil them all together in a glaſſe lembick with a gentle fire.

CHAP. XXI.

A water for Wounds and Ʋlcers.

Take Calx vive extinct in Fountain water 8 pound, Plantain water four ounces, Roſe water 2 pound.

Heat all theſe together, afterward let them ſtand and clear, pour forth all the clear to the lembick, and put to it Honey 2 pound,

• Allum 1 ounce,
• Borax
• Maſtick
• of each three ounces.

Olibanum four ounces, the middle Bark of the Oak dryed 3 ounces, powder what is to be powdred, and diſtil them according to Art.

CHAP. XXII.

A water to make the Teeth white.

Take the firſt diſtilled water of Honey which is white, one pound, Allum half a pound,

• Sal Nitre
• White Salt
• of each one ounce.
• Water of Lentisk leaves 1 pound, Maſtick two ounces,
• White Vineger
• White Wine
• of each 2 ounces.

Mix and diſtil them according to Art, & reſerve the water.

CHAP. XXIII.

A water againſt the Colick.

Take Muſcadell, or Malmſey four pound, Nutmegs, Galls, of each 1 dram.

• Cinamon
• Cloves
• Grains
• of each two drams.

Powder the ingredients groſſely, and infuſe them in the wine 24 houres, then with a ſoft fire draw off the water according to Art.

CHAP. XXIV.

A water for a cold Stomach.

Take Citron and Orange pils dryed, of each 2 ounces, Roſemary, Mints, of each one handfull.

• Cinamon
• Cloves
• Cubebs
• Cardamums
• Nutmegs
• Ginger
• of each a dram and a half.
• Sage, Pennyroyall, Thyme, of each one handfull,
• Caraway ſeeds
• Aniſeeds
• Fennell ſeeds
• of each four drams.

Bruiſe what is to be bruiſed, and infuſe them all the ſpace of 24 houres in Canary wine four pints, then diſtil them in Balneo according to Art.

CHAP. XXV.

Water of Sage Compound.

• Take Sage
• Marjoram
• Thyme
• Lavender
• Epith[••]um
• Bet[••]
• of each 1 ounce.
• Cinamon half an ounce,
• Ireos
• Roots of Cyprus
• Calamus Aromaticus
• of each 1 ounce.

Storax, Benjamin, of each a dram and a half, Infuſe them four dayes in four pound of ſpirit of Wine; then diſtil them in Balneo.

CHAP. XXVI.

Lavender water Compound.

• Take flowers of Lavender, Lilly of the Valley, of each 24 handfuls, Piony
• Tillia
• Flowers of Roſemary
• Sage
• of each half a handfull.
• Cinamon
• Ginger
• Cloves
• Cubebs
• Galingale
• Calamus Aromaticus
• Mace
• Meſſelto of the Oak
• of each a dram and a half.

Piony roots one ounce and a half, of the beſt Wine what ſufficeth, infuſe them in the Wine two dayes, then diſtil them in Balneo Mariae.

This water is good againſt the Falling ſickneſſe, Convulſion fits, and the infirmities of the Brain.

CHAP. XXVII.

A Pectorall Water.

Take the Liver of a Calf, the Lungs of a Fox, of each number 1,

• Liverwort
• Longwort
• Sage
• Rue
• Hyſſop
• of each one handfull.
• Roots of Enula
• Gladiol
• of each half an ounce.
• Seeds of Aniſe
• Caraway
• Fennell
• of each half an ounce.

Flowers of Borage and Bugloſſe, of each two drams; infuſe them the ſpace of 24 houres in rich old Wine what ſufficeth.

• Water of Scabius
• Carduus Benedictus
• of each four ounces.
• Hyſop 2 ounces; then diſtil it in Balneo Mariae.

Another.

Take leaves of Scabius, Veronica, of each two handfuls,

• Venus Hair
• Sage
• Hyſop
• Horehound
• Liverwort
• Licorice
• of each one handfull.
• Flowers of Borage
• Bugloſſe
• Violets
• of each half a handfull.
• Roots of Enula Campana
• Licorice
• Flowers of Ireos
• of each half an ounce.
• Aniſeeds
• Fennell ſeeds
• of each one dram.

Choyſe Cinamon, orientall Saffron, of each half a dram, let them be bruiſed and cut, be digeſted in water of Scabius Veronica, of each one pound, water of Hyſop half a pound, white Wine 3 pound, let them digeſted two days be diſtilled in Balneo Mariae; adde Sugar Candy what ſufficeth.

This water openeth the obſtructions of the Liver and Lungs, and ſtrengtheneth them.

CHAP. XXVIII.

Aqua Splenetica.

Take roots of Fern 2 ounces, roots of Parſley, Polypody, of each an ounce and a half, roots of Round Birt wort, Lovage, Calamus Aromaticus, Acorns of the water, of each 1 ounce, choſen Rubarb; barks of Tamarisk, Copperas, Aſh, of each half an ounce,

• Lovage
• Seeds of Caraway
• Cummin
• Aniſe
• of each two drams.

Scolopendria, tops of Wormwood, Fumiterre, Dodder, leaves of Agrimony, Ceterach, of each a handfull and a half: Rich Wine 8 pound; let them be digeſted two dayes, and then diſtil them in Balneo Mariae.

This water ſtrengtheneth the Spleen, openeth and provoketh Ʋrine.

CHAP. XXIX.

Aqua Febrifuga.

Take roots of Vipers graſſe, Cinquefoil, Tormentill, Dictamum, of each 6 drams, Seeds of Citron, excorticated, Carduus Benedictus, Carduus Mariae, Sorrel, of each half an ounce, of all the Sanders of each 1 dram, of the Cordiall flowers of each 1 handfull, Goats Rue one handfull, Harts horn raſped half an ounce, pour upon them bruiſed water of Tormentill, Cychorie, Carduus Benedictus, Carduus Mariae, Wild Poppy, of each what ſufficeth; let them be macerated three dayes in a glaſſe cloſe ſhut, afterward adde Citrons bruiſed number ſix, Juice of Endive, Carduus Benedictus, Plantain, of each one pound, Borage, Scordium, of each half a pound; let them be diſtilled in Balneo Mariae.

This water is convenient in Feavers, eſpecially malignant Feavers; becauſe it driveth away the malignity, and reſiſteth putrefaction.

CHAP. XXX.

Aqua Damaſcena Odorifera.

• Take Ireos Flowers
• Cloves
• Cubebs
• Cinamon
• Grains of Paradiſe
• Calamus Aromaticus
• of each one ounce.
• Marjoram
• Thyme
• Bay leaves
• Roſemary Flowers
• Red Roſes
• of each a handfull.

Lavender flowers three drams, of the beſt Wine 3 meaſures; let them be macerated [•]nd diſtilled: to the diſtilled liquor add Musk half a ſcruple, Civet 6 grains.

This water beateth, dryeth, cutteth, diſcuſſeth, and chiefly ſtrengtheneth the Heart and Head.

CHAP. XXXI.

Aqua Hyſterica.

Take roots of Dictamnum ſeeds of Daucus, of each one ounce, Cinamon, Caſſia lignea, Balm, of each two ſcruples, Orientall Saffron 1 ſcruple, New Caſtorium 1 ſcruple and a half, of all theſe mixt make a powder, to which let be poured water of Rue two pound and a half: let them ſtand in infuſion four dayes, and then diſtil them in Balneo Mariae.

CHAP. XXXII.

Aqua Nephretica.

Take roots of Enula Campa[•]a, Cammock, Pimpernell, Radiſh of each one ounce, Parſley, Lovage, of each 7 drams, leaves of Lovage, Parſley, of each one handfull, Saxifrage cum toto two ounces, Flowers of Broom, Balm, Roſemary, of each half a handfull, Elder one handfull, Berries of Juniper, Myrtle, Alcakengie, Anifeeds, of each 2 ounces, cut them and infuſe them the ſpace of 8 dayes in 12 pound of the beſt white Wine, then let them be diſtilled.

This water openeth and provoketh Ʋrine: the doſe is one ſpoonfull.

CHAP. XXXII.

Aqua Aperitiva.

Take roots of Eringo, Vipers graffe, Fern, the greater Centaury, of each half an ounce roots of Fennell, Banks of Capp[•]ris, Tamarisk, Aſh, of each three drams, Barks of Citrons two drams and a half; Seeds of Carduus Benedictus, Cichorie, of each half an ounce, Seeds of Endive, Creſſes, Citrons, Scariol, of each two drams,

• Polytricon
• Adianthum
• Ceterach
• Dodder
• Scolopendria
• Betony
• Endive
• of each a handfull and a half.
• Tops of Thyme
• Epithymum
• Hops
• Flowers of St. Johns Wort
• Broome
• Borage
• Balm
• of each 1 handfull.

Small Raiſins 1 ounce: Cinamon 1 dram, and a half, Spec. Dialace. half a dram,

• Carduus Benedictus
• Water of Hops
• Scolopendria
• Pauls Betony
• of each one pound.

Rheniſh Wine two pound and a half, let them ſtand two days in a warm place in a veſſel cloſe ſtopped: afterward diſtil them in Balneo.

This water openeth the obſtructions of the whole body, but eſpecially of the Liver, Spleen, and Meſentery.

FINIS.

A Catalogue of the Materials and Ingredients uſed in the precedent Rules.

ROOTS.

• ANgelica
• Avens
• Butter-Bur
• Calamus Ar[•]maticus
• Cyperus, long
• Contra-yerva
• Enula-campana
• Galingal
• Gentian
• Ginger
• Horſe Radiſh
• Imperitoria
• Licorice
• Lovage
• Orris
• Saſſafras
• Scordium
• Snake-graſſe
• Ʋalerian
• Common
• Garden
• Great
• Vincetoxicum
• Zedoary

WOODS.

• LIgnum Rhodium
• Sanders
• Red
• Yellow.

BARKS and PILLS.

• BAy-tree Roots
• Caſſia Lignea
• Cinamon
• Common
• White
• Citron
• Guaiacum
• Limon
• Orange
• Pippins
• Quinces
• Saſſafras.

HEARBS.

• ANgelica
• Arſmart
• Bay-leaves
• Balm or Bawm
• Burnet
• Brooklime
• Balſamint or Coſtmary
• Carduus Benedictus
• Chervile, ſweet
• Clary
• Calamint
• Creſſes
• Water
• Garden
• Winter
• Bank
• Coſtmary or Balſamint
• Horehound, white
• Lavender leaves
• Lavender Cotton
• Mint
• Speir
• Red
• Marjoram, Sommer
• Peny Royal
• Roſemary
• Rocket
• Ros ſol[•]s
• Rue
• Sage
• Red
• Great
• Scurvygraſſe
• Common
• Garden
• Stoechados
• Southernwood
• Scordium
• Thyme
• Wilde
• Garden
• Limon
• Tarragon
• Trefoil, Water
• Valerian, great
• Wormwood
• Common
• Romane

FLOWERS.

• COwſlip
• Citron
• Camomile
• Elder
• Gilliflowers, Clove
• Gi[•]iflowers, Stock, three ſorts
• Jaſmine
• Lavender
• Lillium Convallium
• Marygold
• Melilot
• Orange
• Poppy, Red
• Roſes
• Red
• Damask
• Musk
• Bryer
• Saffron
• Sage
• Stoechas
• Tillia or Lindentree
• Thyme
• Garden
• Limon
• Wilde
• Woodbine (or Honey-ſuckle.)

SEEDS.

• ANiſe
• Angelica
• Baſil
• Caroway
• Cardamums
• Creſſe, Bank
• Chervile, ſweet
• Coriander
• Cummin
• Fennel, ſweet
• Grains of Paradiſe
• Muſtard
• Radiſh
• Rocket
• Scurvy-graſſe Garden
• Wormwood; common.

FRUITS.

• APricotes
• Alkerms Berries
• Barley, Maulted
• Barley, Maulted
• Cardamums
• Cherries
• Currans
• Forain
• Engliſh
• Cubebs
• Cloves
• Grapes
• Hops
• Juniper Berries
• Maces
• Nutmegs
• Pepper
• White
• Long
• Quinces
• Raſpis, Red
• Rayſins, ſol.
• Strawberries
• Saffron
• Walnuts green with husks
• Zedoary.

JUICES.

• LImons
• Walnuts green with the Husks

Others of divers kindes.

• AMbergreeſe
• Allum
• Benjamin
• Camphire
• Confection of Alkermes
• Mithridate
• Musk
• Treakle, Venice
• Syrup of Gilliflowers
• Storax
• Sugar of divers ſorts.

Liquid Materials.

• WInes of all kindes
• Beer and Ale
• After-Worts, or Waſh
• Sugar-Waters
• Tilts, Dregs, Lees, or Grounds of Beer or Ale.
• Lees of Wines
• Spirits of Wine
• Roſe-water.

FINIS.

An Alphabeticall Table of all the Oils, Waters, Experiments, and Curioſities contained in the ſix foregoing Bookes.

A.

• OYle of Adders, 97
• Quinteſsence of Adders, 98
• Air in the heat of the ſummer, and the heat of the day to condenſe into water, 137
• The form of an Alembick. 31
• Oile of Amber, 38
• Spirit of Ambergreeſe, 123
• Oile or Butter of Antimony, 70
• Water of Antimony, 71
• Spirit
• Eſſence
• of Antimony. 72
• An Antimoniall Cup to make 165
• Water of rotten Apples, 24
• Aqua vitae of Wine, 24
• Aqua vitae of Beere, 25
• Aqua vitae to rectifie 26
• Aqua vitae Iriſh, 45
• Aqua fortis, 69
• Another, 70
• Aqua Regia,
• Another, 69
• Tearms of Art Explained, 8
• Oile of Arſenick, 68
• Aurum Po[•]abile of Doctor Anthony, 175
• Aurum Fulm[•]nans, 180

B.

• THe Delineation of a Balneum Mariae, 21
• Another, 22
• Another, 23
• A Balneum of Wood, 29
• Balſam of Bears Fat, 97
• For Baths a new Invention, 152
• A Hot Bath Artificiall from the ſame principles as the Naturall Bath is, 154
• Bellowes Philoſophicall, 150
• Water of Berries, 21
• Oyl of Berries, 35
• Bezoard Water, 58
• Bezoard Extract, 59
• A dead Bird to raiſe to life, 118
• Oyl
• Water
• Magiſtery
• of Bloud. 89
• Oil of Bole Armoniack, 79
• Oil of Bones, 101
• Eſſence of mans Brains, 90
• Doctor Burgeſſe Plvgue Water, 53
• Burnt-root water compound, 52
• To purifie Butter, And to make Butter taſt of any Vegetable without altering its color, 125

C.

• Oyle of Camphire ſeverall wayes to make, 37
• A Candle that ſhall laſt long, 148
• Spirit of Caſtor, 58
• To make Cheeſe taſt ſtrong of any vegetable without diſcoloring it, 125
• Aqua Coeleſtis, 46
• Water againſt the Col[•]ck, 51
• Water againſt Convulſions, 50. 51
• Water of Corall, 81
• Water of Crabs, 102
• Oil of Crabs Eyes, 103
• Spirit of Cranium Humanum, 91

D.

• DIſtillation, and its kinds, 1
• Veſſels for Diſtillation, 3
• Rules for Diſtillation, 12
• Common diſtilled Waters, 17
• Diſtilling in wooden Veſſels, 29
• To Diſtill Spirits of Minerals, Vegetables, Bones, Horns, &c. 76
• Water of Dung
• Doves Dung
• Cow Dung
• Horſe Dung 100. 101.

E.

• OIle
• Water
• of Egs, 102
• To engrave upon an Egge or Peble with wax or Greaſe, 132
• The four Elements to make appeare in a Glaſſe, 128
• Water of Elder Berries, 21
• Elixir Subtilitatus of Paracelſus, 45
• The Proceſſe of the Elixir
• according to Paracelſus, 188
• according to Divi leſchi Genus Amo, 189

F.

• FIre; to keep Fire in a Glaſſe that whileſt the Glaſſe is ſhut will not burn but as ſoon as it is opened, will be enflamed, 144
• For Fire an excellent invention, 151
• To make Firre trees appear in Turpentine 127
• Water of Fleſh, 95. 96
• Fleſh to make Artificially, 118
• Water of the Spawn of Frogs: ſimple and compound, 103. 104
• Furnaces the Matter and Form, 2
• A Furnace to diſtill liquor with the ſteam of Boyling water, 20
• Furnaces for four rectifications at once, 28
• A Furnace to diſtill per deſcenſum, 41
• A Furnace for Reverberation, 71
• A Furnace that ſhall of it ſelf (without any veſſels to contain the matter being put into it) ſublime Minerals, and diſtill all manner of Oils and Spirits, 82
• A lamp Furnace. 146. 148

G.

• GLaſſes to nip or ſeal Hermetically, 7
• A Glaſſe Gourd, 44
• To reduce Glaſſe into Sand and Salt, 132
• Oile
• Tincture
• of Gold, 166. 167. 178. 179.
• To make Gold grow in a Glaſſe, 181. 182.
• To make Gold increaſe in the Earth
• Obſervations upon a Golden Marchaſite 182
• The vertues of the preparations of Gold, 183
• Oil of Gums, 36. 37.

H.

• WAter and Oil of Hair, 92
• Spirit of Harts-horn, 91
• A ſudorifick of the young buds of Harts-horn, 101
• Harts horn ſeemingly to grow in a Glaſſe, 128
• To reduce the whole Hearb into a liquor, 32
• To make the Idea of any Hearb appear in a Glaſſe, 32
• To make the Quint[•]ſſence of any Hearb, 32
• Homunculus of Paracelſus, 114
• Water
• Quinteſſence
• of Honey, 93
• Eſſence of Honey, 94
• Vinegar of Honey, 95
• An Hydropicall water, 50
• Hypocras Aromaticall, 120
• A Triple Hypocras bag
• Hypocras Wine made in an inſtant 121. 122
• Hyſtericall water; 61

I.

• OIl of Jaſmine, 40
• Aqua Imperialis, 47
• Spirit of Ivory, 91

K.

• Kunraths Aqua Magnanimitatis, 99

L.

• WAter of Lapis Armenus, 81
• Oil of Lapis Calaminaris, 79
• Spirit of Lead, 72
• Spirit of Lime unſtaked, 80
• Liquor reſtorative, 96
• Liquor thick and muddy to purifie, 143
• To fortifie a Loadſtone that it ſhall be able to draw a Nail out of a peece of Wood, 131
• Lutes for Glaſses, 4

M.

• A Qua Magnanimitalis of Kunrath, 99
• Aqua Magnanimitatis another, 100
• Malmſey Artificiall, 120
• Spirit of Manna, 33
• Aqua Mariae, 60
• Mead, or Metheglin to make Stale in a Fortnight, 123
• A Medicine that half a grain taken every morning, will keep the body ſoluble, 138
• Diſſolving Menſtruums, 44, 45
• Oil of Mercury,
• To turn Mercury into water 74
• Oil of Metals, 71
• Any Metal to melt in ones hand without burning of the hand, 134
• To prove what kind of Metall is in any Ore by a few grains of it, 164
• Water of Milk, 92
• Aqua Mirabilis, 48
• From the rays of the Moon to extract a Milkie ſubſtance, 136
• Mother water, 61
• A perpetuall Motion in a Glaſſe, 129
• Golden Mountaine to make appear in a Glaſſe, 128
• Elixir of Mummie, 90
• Oil of Myrrhe, 38
• Oil of Myrrhe per deliquium, 39

O.

• OIls by expreſſion
• Oils vomitive and purging 39
• Oil per deſcenſum 40
• O[•]ls thick, black, and ſtinking to rectifie, 43
• Oils of minerals to rectifie, 88
• Oil Olive to make ſmell and taſt ſweet, 124
• Oils to diſtill out of any Hearb, Seed, &c. in an inſtant without a Furnace, 140
• Oil lasting and durable, 149

P.

• PAlſey water of Matthias, 56
• Pearl Artificiall, 132
• Pectorall water, 49
• The form of a Pellican, 27
• A Perfume minerall 132
• Plague water, 52
• To make a Plant grow in two or three Houres, 126
• To make the Idea of a Plant appear in a Glaſſe, 127
• A Powder that by ſpitting upon ſhall be inflamed, 130
• A cheap Powder like unto Aurum Fulminans, 165
• Purging water operating without pain, 62

Q

• TO turn Quickſilver into water without mixing any thing with[•]t, 73
• To make Quick ſilver Malleable in 7 houres, 131

R.

• OIl of Roſins, &c. 37
• Retorts, 64
• Spirit of Roſes, 34

S.

• SPirit of Salt, 63
• Another. 64
• Salt Peter water,
• Spirit of Salt Armoniac 65
• Spirit of Salt to dulcifie, 66
• How two volatile Salts will be fired by joining them together, 137
• An obſervation upon the melting of Salt Armoniack, and Calx vive together, 165
• Oil of Sand, Flints, &c. 132
• Scorbuticall water, 57
• Oyl of Seeds, 35
• The preparation of Silver,
• A green Tincture of Silver, 185
• A green oil of Silver,
• Oil of Silver per deliquium,
• A liquor of Silver that ſhall make the glaſſe where in it is ſo cold, that no man is able to hold his hand on it any long time 186

S.

• TO make Silver as white as Snow
• The Silver tree of Philoſophers 187
• A Cold Still, 17
• A Hot Still, 25
• The Smaragdine table of Hermes from whence all Alchimy did ariſe, 191
• Oil of Snakes, 97
• Quinteſſence of Snakes, 98
• Oil of Soot
• Water of Soot 41
• Spirits to rectifie, 42. 88.
• To make Steel grow in a Glaſſe like a Tree, 134
• Doctor Stephens water, 48
• Stone in the Kidneys, a water againſt, 54. 55.
• Pretious Stones Artificiall of all ſorts ond colours, 162
• The proceſse of the Philoſophers Stone according to Pontanus, 190
• A ſpecificall Sudorifick, 59
• A Sudorificall water, 87
• Oil of Sugar, 38
• Sugar to refine, 126
• Oil of Sulphur per Campanum, 67
• Oil of Sulphur
• Eſſence of Sulphur 68
• An obſervation upon the heat of the Sun, and heat of the fire how they adde weight to the Metalline and Minerall bodies, 135
• Surfeit water, 48
• Water of Swallows, 101

T.

• OIl of Talk 78. 79
• Oil of Tartar per deliquium, 39
• Spirit of Turpentine, 36
• Oil of Tile ſtones, 80
• A Tincture Cordiall, Stomachicall, and purgative, 138. 139
• An obſervation upon the melting of Tin and Copper together, 164
• Liquor againſt the Tooth ach, 62
• Treacle water, 60
• Treacle water Camphorated of Crollius, 53
• Treacle Vinegar, 54
• To reduce diſtilled Turpentine into its body again, 140

V.

• TO make a Vapour in a Chamber that he that enters into it with a Candle ſhall think the room on fire, 130
• Any Vegetable ſpirit to make, 30
• Spirit of Vegetables to make ſuddenly at any time of the year,
• To make a Vegetable yeeld his Spirit quickly, 31
• Eſſence
• Quinteſſence
• of any Vegetable, 33
• Chymicall oil of any Vegetable, 34
• To make Vegetables yeeld their Oiles eaſily, 36
• To make a Vegetable become more glorious then any of its ſpecies, 126
• Water and Tincture of any Vegetable to make at the ſame time, 141
• Water againſt the Vertigo, 51
• Quinteſſence of Vipers
• Viper Wine 98
• Oil or Spirit of Vitrioll, 65
• Oil of Vitriol, 66
• Spirit of Vitrioll to dulcifie, 66
• Liquor of Vitrioll vomitive, 66
• Ros Vitrioli, 86
• Green Oil of Vitrioll, 86
• Sulphur of Vitrioll, 87
• An Unguent that outwardly applyed will cauſe vomiting or looſeneſſe, which you pleaſe, 137
• Vomiting water
• Vomiting water of Platerus 61
• Spirit of Urine ſimple, 92
• Spirit of Urine compound, 93
• Uſquebath. 45

W.

• TO make Water in a cold Still which ſhall have the ſmell and vertue of the vegetable, 17
• Anotherway
• Another 18
• To make Water at any time of the year in a cold▪ Still without green Hearbs, ſo that the Water ſhall ſmell ſtrong of the Hearb, 18
• To make Water of Jaſmine, Violets, &c. retain the ſmell of the Flower, 19
• Water per deſcenſum, 40
• Water againſt wormes, 50
• Water for wounds, 55
• Anatomy of Water Spagyricall, 105
• Sweet Water, 123
• Luminous Water to give light by night, 129
• To ſeparate freſh Water from Salt, 141
• To purifie muddy Water, 142
• Tumbridge and Epſome Water Artificiall, 160
• Oil of Wax, 95
• Spirit of Wine to rectifie
• Magiſtery of Wine 26
• Another
• Oil of Wine 27
• Spirit of Wine to extract by Spirit of Wine
• Spirit of Wine very ſubtle at the firſt diſtilling 28
• Anatomy of Wine Spagyricall, 111
• Malego
• Claret
• Wine Artificiall, 119
• Raſpberry Wine, 122
• Oil of any ſolid Wood, 33
• To make oil of any Wood without much coſt, 36
• The Repreſentation of the whole World in a Glaſſe, 128

An Alphabeticall Table of the Diſeaſes and Infirmities for which Cures or Remedies are preſcribed in the foregoing Bookes.

A.

• Abortion to preſerve from 98
• Ague quartaine 183
• Apoplexi[•] 183
• Aſ[•]hma 183

B.

• Beauty to continue till extream old age, 184
• Belly to looſen 40
• Againſt gripings of the Belly 51
• Birds dead to raiſe to life 118
• Obſtructious of the Bladder 100. 101
• Bleeding to stanch 104
• Bloud, to purifie 74. 99
• [••]ullition of Bloud 86
• Bloud to increaſe 117
• Body to keep ſoluble 138
• Brain to ſtrengthen 98
• Obſtructions of the Breaſt 140
• Burnings 102

C.

• Cancer 183
• Carbuncle 184
• Chops to cure 102
• Choler to purge 139
• Cold diſtempers 80
• Colick a cauſer of 140
• Conſumption 97. 98. 183
• Convulſions 91. 93
• Cordials 24. 28. 47. 59. 123. 138. 139

D.

• Deafneſſe 97. 99
• Digeſtion to help 49
• Dropſie 40. 51. 91. 93. 101. 183.

E.

• Elephantiaſis 183
• Epilepſie 91. 93. 183
• Excorato[•]ns 102
• Eye inflamation of 24. 92
• Film in the Eye 99

F.

• Face a paint for 79
• Face to clear and ſmooth 137
• Fainting 47. 138
• Falling ſickneſſe 90. 91. 98. 102
• Feaver 65. 66. 63. 101. 103. 133. 183.
• Flegm thick to at[•]nuate 49

G.

• Gold to diſſolve 69. 91
• Gout 40
• Gout a cauſer of 113. 133. 183

H.

• Gray Hairs to preſerve from 98. 107
• Head wind in 48. 52
• Head ſcurf thereof to take away 66
• Head pain of 66. 138
• Heart paſſions of 38. 58
• Hearing to ſtrengthen 98
• Hydropicall diſeaſes 20. 24. 50. 139
• Hyſtoricall paſſions 50. 66

I.

• Jaundies 100. 101. 183
• Infection preſervatives againſt 47. 53. 54. 59. 90
• Inflamations inward 101. 183
• Inflamation inward and outward 103
• Itch 137

K.

• Kidneys Inflamation of 86
• Kidneys diſtemper of 92
• Kidneys obſtruction of 100. 103. 140.

L.

• Leproſie 99. 183
• Liver to ſtrengthen 51
• Liver inflamed 86
• Long life to cauſe 184
• Looſeneſſe to cauſe 138
• Lungs diſtempered 38. 68. 92
• Lungs to ſtrengthen 49

M.

• Madneſſe 183
• Maids to make look beautifull 184
• Meaſles 52
• Melancholy 183
• Melancholy to purge 139
• Members dead to quicken 95
• Mother fits 38. 58

N.

• Noli me tangere 183

O.

• Obſtructions to open 49. 62. 91. 138
• Obſtructions a cauſer of 113

P.

• Pains [•]ot to eaſe 103. 104
• Palſey 56. 95. 97
• Palſey a cauſer of 113
• Plague 53. 68. 133. 1[•]4
• Pleuriſie 49. 183
• Baſtard plewiſie 101
• Pex 53
• Ptiſick 49. 133
• Purging medicines 71. 81
• To purge away water 139
• To purge without griping 139
• Puſtles 102
• Putrefaction preſervatives againſt 38. 65

R.

• Reins obſtructions of 101
• Reſt to cauſe 49
• Ring wormes 102

S.

• Scurvy 51. 58. 101
• Many Serpents to generate of one, 118
• Sight to ſtrengthen 98
• Sinews to ſtrengthen 52
• Skin to purifie 98
• Skin to clenſe 102. 133
• Skin to make look fair 133
• Skin hot puſtles of 137
• Sores old and new 66
• The ſpirits to compoſe 48
• The ſpirits to refreſh 177
• Stomach things good for 46. 49. 50
• Stomach wind of 48. 50. 52
• Stomach gripings of 51
• Stomach inflamation of 86
• Stomach to ſtrengthen 91
• Stomach to clenſe 133
• Stomach to purge 138
• Stomach nouſeouſneſſe of 139
• Stones pretious, to diſſolve 93
• Stones hard, to diſſolve 44, 45
• Stone 51. 133 183
• Stone in the kidneys 55
• Stone in the Bladder 80
• Stone a cauſer of 13
• Stitches 101
• Strength decayed 97
• Surfeit 46. 49. 53
• Sweat to cauſe 52. 53. 59. 71. 87. 91. 98. 101 133. 177. 184
• Swelling hot or cold 104

T.

• Toothach 62

U.

• Venery to provoke 99
• Lues Venerca 133. 183
• Vertigo 50. 52. 66
• Vlcers 68. 9. 5
• Old Vlcers to dry up 177
• Noxious vapours 87
• Vomiting to cauſe 66. 70. 137. 166
• Vrine to provoke 55. 99, 133. 183
• Vrine ſtopped 183

W.

• Wind 100
• Wolfe 183
• Women in travell to cauſe to be delivered without great pain 184
• Wormes 50. 65. 66. 138
• Wounds 26. 55. 56. 68. 95
• Green wounds 102
• Wounds in the Eye 102

Y.

• Youth to renew 117

An Alphabeticall Table of the Waters and Spirits treated of in the LONDON-DISTILLER.

A.

• A Niſeed water 10
• Angelica water 11
• Aqua Aperitiva 60
• Aqua vitae 9
• Avens water 34

B.

• Balm water 12
• Balmſamint water 17

C.

• Caraway water 21
• Cicairizing water 52
• Cinnamon water common 19
• Cinnamon proper 20
• Clove water 16
• Colick water 54

D.

• Aqua Damaſena odorifera 59

E.

• Eye waters 45. 46. 48.

F.

• Face water for 44. 47
• Aqua Febrifuga 58
• Fennell ſeed water 20
• Flowers water of 32
• Fruits water of 33

G.

• Gout a water for 46

H.

• Hair waters for 43. 44
• Aqua Hyſterica 59

L.

• Lavender water 29
• Lavender water another 56
• Limon water 14

M.

• Marjoram water 16
• Marigold water 21
• Mint water 12

N.

• Aqua Nephretica 60
• Nutmeg water 22

O.

• Limon and Orange water 14

P.

• Pectorall water 56. 57
• Plague water 28
• Marks of the Small Pox a water for, 50
• Pretious water 23

R.

• Ros ſolis proper 31
• Roſa ſolis 81
• Roſemary water 13

S.

• Sage water 30
• Sage water another 55
• Scabs a water for 44
• Scorbuticall water 27
• Aqua Splenetica 58
• Stomach water 15. 16
• Stomach water another 55
• Surfeit water 26
• Sweat to cauſe a water 25

T.

• Teeth waters for 49. 54
• Tetters a water for 49

U.

• Ʋlcers waters for 49. 50. 51
• Ʋſque bath 17

W.

• Wind water 24
• Wormwood water 11
• Wound waters 53. 54

An Alphabeticall Table of the Diſeaſes for which Cures or remedies are preſcribed in the foregoing Treatiſe.

A:

• APoplexy 30
• Appetite to provoke 12. 31

B.

• Bloody Flux 13
• Body wind in 10
• Bowels cold greife of 22
• Brain to comfort 13. 20
• Brain infirmities of 56
• Breath ſhortneſſe of 10. 16
• Breath ſtinking to help 20
• Breath ſweet to make 22

C.

• Cankers 47
• Colick 54
• Concoction to help 13
• Conſumption to preſerve from 35
• Convulſion fits 56
• Cordials 11. 12. 14. 35.
• Cramp 30

D.

• Digeſtion to help 10. 19
• Dyſentery 13

E.

• Eye ſpots in them 46
• Eye web of them 46
• Eye redneſſe of 48

F.

• Face ſpots there of to take away 44
• Face redneſſe of it 47
• Falling ſickneſſe 31. 56
• Feavers 24
• Fiſtula 47
• Flegm to break 10
• Flegm to digeſt 21

G.

• Gout 46

H.

• Hair faln to cauſe to grow again, 43
• Hair taken off to cauſe never to grow again 43. 44.
• Head pain of 12
• Head to strengthen 59
• Heart to strengthen 12. 13. 20. 24. 59
• Heart to comfort 19
• Heart paſſions of 30

I.

• Infection preſervatives againſt 11. 20
• Inward parts to ſtrength. n 11. 16. 19. 21. 35.

L.

• Liver to ſtrengthen 13. 19. 20. 57
• Liver Infirmities of 16
• Liver obstructions of 61
• Lungs infirm to cure 17
• Lungs to ſtrengthen 20. 57

M.

• Melancholick ſadneſſe 35
• Meſentery obstructions 61
• Mother infirmities of 12

N.

• Nature to reſtore 14
• Nature languiſhing to relieve 24. 32.

O.

• Obſtructions to open 14. 31

P.

• Palſie 30
• Plague 28
• Plague preſervatives againſt 11. 24
• Small Pox markes to take away 50

S.

• Scab[•] 44
• S[••]rey 28
• Senſes to preſerve 24
• Sight to preſerve 45
• Sight to quicken 13
• Sight dec[•]ied to reſtore 45
• Sinews to comfort 20
• Skin to beautifie 47
• Speech loſt to reſtore 30
• Spirits infeebled to revive 14
• Spirits to comfort 24. 35
• Spleen to comfort 13
• Spleen infirmities of 16. 61
• Spleen to ſtrengthen 20. 58.
• Stomach to strengthen 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.
• Stomach wind of 10
• Stomach to Aromatize 14. 22
• Stomach to warm 17. 55
• Stomach to comfort 18. 19. 31
• Stomach loathing of 20
• Stomach pain of 21
• Stomach Nauſeouſneſſe of 21
• Stomach cold greefe of 22
• Surfeit 26
• Sweat to procure 25

T.

• Tears inordinate flux of 48
• Teeth to make white 49. 54
• Tetters 47
• Tiſick 10

U.

• Ʋlcers 51. 54
• Ʋlcers to clenſe 49
• Ʋlcers to Cicatrize 50. 51
• Ʋlcers hollow 52
• Vomiting to ſtay 12. 13
• Ʋrine to provoke 19. 22. 58. 60.

W.

• Wind to break 12. 18. 19. 21, &c.
• Women in labour to cauſe eaſily to be delivered 12
• Wormes 12
• Wounds 54
• Wounds hollow 53

FINIS.