The Description of the Sphere or the Frame of the World

¶ The deſcripcion of the Sphere or the frame of the worlde, ryght worthy to be red and ſtudyed on, of all noble wyttes, ſpecially of all thoſe that be deſyrous to attayne any perfecte knowledge in Coſmography, or true deſcripcion of Reagions, Townes, or Countrees, ſet forth by Proclus Diadochus, and Englyſſhed by wyllyam Salyſbury.

¶ To his verye louynge Coſyn, Iohn̄ Edwardes of Chryke Eſquyer, Wyllyam Salyſbury, wiſſheth longe lyfe in contynuall health.

WHere as of late dayes ye haue wryten vnto me to prouyde you ſome booke, tractyng in Englyſſhe of the deſcription of the Sphere of the world Nowe at the laſte I come in, wt myne anſwere, whiche euen as it ſhal not altogyther lyke you, So I truſt (yf ye haue a reſpect to my beneuolence) It ſhall not vtterly myſlyke you. I walked my ſelf rounde aboute all Poules churche yarde, from ſhop to ſhop enqueryng of ſuche a treactyſe neyther coulde I here of any yt eyther wrote of this matier propoſely, nor yet occaſionaly. But what trowe you dyd I than by my fayth ſyr, I returned backe euen the ſame way (but wondrynge moche at the happe) and aſked agayne for the ſame workes in latyn, wherof there were .iij. or foure of ſondry Aucthors brought, and ſhewed vnto me, amonge all which (for the breuyte and playnes) I choſe Proclus his doynge. And this a Goddes name entended I than (for thac complyſhement of your wyll) to traducte into the Englyſhe tonge.^[1] But wolde God that he whiche tranſlated it into the Latyn had taken ſo moche payne, for his countrey ſake as to engliſhe the ſame alſo. Englyſhe was his natyue tonge. Greke and Latyn as well knowen where as Englyſhe to me of late yeares, was wholy to learne, the Latyn not taſted of, the Greke not once harde of, whom although euen at this preſent I might rather and true lye with leſſe reproche denye to haue any knowledge in at all, than to profeſſe the perfect phraſe of any of them three. Why than ſhall I attempte for any mans pleaſure to go aboute to tranſlate a Science vnknowen, out of a tonge vnknowen, into a tong no better knowen vnto me. Surely I am very loth to do it. But yet becauſe perhaps ye be ſo perſwaded that I can do ſom what therin and paraduenture wold take it for vnkyndnes that I wolde not take in hande, to proue the feyct to the vttermoſt of my power? I wyll therfore wreſt it rather than truely turne it, and that for lacke of farther connynge I can do none other, that you may be aſſured, yt yf oughte be well done in this matier, it floweth out rather of the vehement loue and feruente affection that youre manyfolde demerytes hath moſt depely engraffed in my hart, than of any lernynge that I alredy was endued withal. Moreouer I know well that you ſtamer ſomwhat both in the Latyn tonge and in this ſcience alſo, and ſo do I in ſettyng forth of the ſame, wher fore you ſhall better vnderſtand me than a perfecter doer therin. And where you ar els excedyngly well ſene in all Geometrycall Deuyſes, where you excell in all humaynefabricature and where you farre paſſe all other men in vnyuerſall knowledge, fyne and ſubtyle practice in all the Mathematicall ſciences, yet beyng almoſte Ygnoraunt (for the ſeldomnes of the ſcience) in the ſpeculacion of the wonderful, goodly and dyuine fabricature of the world do ſo feruētly deſyre ſome knowledge therin, I can no leſſe but further you therto to the vttermoſte of that ſmall ſmatter that I haue. Promeſſynge farther that yf I perceyue you to profectē any whytte therby I wyll (GOD wyllynge the ſame) be more earneſtly dylygent herafter in peruſyng my ſayd attemptes.

Thus fare ye well.

¶ To the gentyll reader.

IN this of all other ſciences (gētle reader) I dare beſt entermedle as wel in wrytynge as otherwyſe not that I of all men can beſt ſkyll on it, or that I can comprehende the celeſtyall reaſons, the ſubtyle ymaginacions and the dyuyne myſteries of the Arte. But becauſe I knowe wel all the profeſſours of it, to be ſo fre and ſo gentyll harted, and of ſuche excellent humanytee and naturall Iudgement, that they wyll rather gladlye accepte and take in good worthe, my good wyll and all others which offer them ſelues into the nombre of theyr retinue, than reiect, deſpute, and ſet at nought, where as the lewde maners of ſome that profeſſe other Scyences, is to gnarre, ſnuffe, and ſnatche, at whom ſoeuer ſhall vtter ought of his minde (ſpecially yf it ſwarue but a heare bredth beſyde the lyne of theyr phantaſy) in theyr faculties, euen as thoughe they were neuer ygnoraunt them ſelues therin, eyther by the reprehenſion of other, they myght attayne greater glory and eſtymacion, eyther els that they clayme to them ſelues a pryuate propertie in the Scyences onelye, but whiche ſo it be, it is ſmall commendacion worthy. Yet becauſe I am in a maner thorowlye perſwaded that the doers in this heauenlye knowledge wyll rather gently, and brotherly correcte a faulte, where faulte is, than malyciouſly eſpye out two for one. I wyll be ſo vn ſhamefaſtly bolde as to ſette before them this meſſe of theſe myne vnrype fyrſte fruytes, truſtyng moch more to theyr gentylnes than in the worthynes of the preparacyon of the banket.

¶ Of the Axtree, and the Poles.

THe^[2] Diameter of the worlde is called his Axtree,^[3] wher aboute he moueth, and the endes of the Axtree are alſo called the Poles of the worlde. Of whom one is called the north Pole, & the other the South Pole. The Northern is he that is alwayes ſene in our habytacion. And the Southern is that, whiche is neuer ſene aboue our Horizon. And there be certayne places on earth where as the Pole that is euer in our ſyght, can not be ſene with them that dwell there. And the other Pole, whiche is euer out of our ſyght, is in ſyght to them. Agayne there is a place on earth where both the Poles haue euen lyke ſytuacion in the Horizon.

¶ Of the Circles of the Sphere.

SOme of the circles of the Sphere, beparallels, ſome be oblyque, ſome other go croſſe ouer the Poles. The^[4] parallels are they, that haue the ſame Poles as the world hath. And there be .v. parallel circles. The Artik, the Eſtiuall tropik, the Equinoctiall, the Brumal tropik, the Antarctik. The Arctik circle is euen the greateſt of all thoſe Circles that we haue contynually in ſyght, & he ſcarce lye toucheth the Horizon in one poynete, and is altogether preuented aboue the earth. And all the ſtarres that are included in this circle, neyther ryſe nor ſet, but a man ſhall eſpye them all the nyght longe kepe theyr courſe rounde aboute the Pole. And that Circle in our habitacion is drawen of the further fote of^[5] Vrſa maior. The^[6] Eſtiuall circle is moſt Northward of al the circles that be made of the ſonne. Whom whan the Sonne remoueth into, he returneth backe from his ſōmers circuite, than is the longeſt day of all the yere and the ſhorteſt night, and after this ſōmer returne, the Sonne ſhall not be perceyued to progreſſe any ferther toward the north, but rather to recoyle into the contrary partes of the world, wherfore in Greke this Circle is called^[7] Ionixos. The Equinoctiall circle is the moſt greateſt of all the .v. parallel circles, and is ſo parted of the Horizon, that the one halfe circle is aboue the earth, the other halfe circle lyeth hyd vnder the Horizon. The ſonne beynge in this circle cauſeth .ij. Equinoctials, one in the ſprynge tyme, and the other in Harueſt. The^[8] Brumal tropik, is a circle moſt South of all the circles, that by the mouynge of the worlde be deſcribed of the ſonne, whiche whan the ſonne is once entred into, he turneth backe frō his wynters progreſſe, than is the longeſt nyght, and the ſhorteſt day in all the yere longe. And beyonde this wynter marcke, the ſonne progreſſeth neuer a whyt farther, but goeth into the other cooſtes of the worlde, wherfore this circle is alſo named Thonixos, as who ſaye returnable. The^[9] Antarctik circle, is equal in quantytie and diſtaunce with the Arctik circle, and toucheth the Horizon in one poyncte, and his courſe is all together vnder neth the earth, and the Starres that be placed in this ar alwayes inuiſible vnto vs. The greateſt of all the ſayd circles is the Equinoctial, and than the Tropikes. And the leſte (I meane in our habitacion) ar the Arctikes and theſe circles muſt be vnderſtande without bredth, and be reaſoned of accordyng to the ſituaciō of the ſtarres, and by the beholding of the^[10] Dioptra. And but ſuppoſed onely in our imagination. For there is no Circle ſene in al the heauen but onely^[11] Galaxias. As for al the reſt they be conceyued by imaginacion.

¶ The reaſon why fyue parallel circles are onely in the Sphere.

FYue^[12] parallel Circles alone, are wont to be deſcrybed in the Sphere not bycauſe there be no mo parallels than theſe in al the worlde. For the Sonne maketh euery day one parallel circle equaly dyſtaunt to the Equinoctiall (whiche may well be perceyued) with the turnynge of the worlde: In ſo moch that .clxxxij. parallel circles twyſe be deſcrybed of the ſonne betwene the tropikes, for ſo many dayes are within the two returnes, and all the ſtarres are daylye caryed withall, rounde aboute in the parallalel circles, Howe be it euer ye one of them can not be ſet oute in the Sphere. And though they be profectable for dyuers thynges in^[13] Aſtrologia, yet is it impoſſyble yt euen the ſtarres may be deſcrybed in the Sphere, without all the parallel circles, or that the^[14] Magnytude of dayes and nyghtes may be preciſely founde out, without the ſame parallels: but in as moche as they be not demed to be ſo neceſſary for the fyrſte Introduction of Aſtrologie, they are left out of the Sphere. But the fyue parallel circles for certayne ſpecial inſtruction that they exhybyte, for the fyrſte in ſyght of Aſtrologie be deſcribed in the Sphere. The Arctik circle ſeuereth the Starres whiche we euer ſe: the Eſtiual tropik contayneth the goyng backe of the [〈◊〉] Sonne, and it is the furthermoſte parte of his progreſſe into the North. And the equinoctial Circle contayneth the Equinoctials. And the Brumall tropik is the farther moſt poynct of the way of the ſonne toward the South, and is euen the marcke of the wynter returne. The Antarctik Circle determyneth the Starres whom we can not ſe. And ſo ſeynge that they be very expedient for the introduction in to Aſtrologie they be ryght worthy to take rome in the Sphere.

¶ Of the apparaunce, & none apparaunce of the fyue parallel circles.

ALſo of the ſayde fyue parallel circles, the Arctik circle appereth altogither aboue the earth. And the eſtiual tropik circle is deuyded into .ij. partes of the Horizon: wherof the greater parte is aboue the earth and the leſſer lygheth vnderneth it. Neyther is this Tropik Circle equaly deuyded of the Horizon / in euery Towne and Countrey, but accordynge to the veriete of the Regions it hath diuerſities of vpryſynges: and this Eſtiual circle is more vnegually deuided in the Horizon to thē that dwell nerer the North than we do, and farther there is a place, where the Eſtiual tropik is wholy aboue the erth. And vnto them that drawe nerer to the South than we, the Eſtiual Tropik is more vneuenly parted in the Horizon. Farthermore, there is a cooſte (but ſouth from vs) wherin the tropik Circle is equaly deuyded of the Horizon. But in our habitacion the Eſtiuall tropik is ſo deuided of the Horizon, that the whole circle beyng deuyded into viij. partes .v. partes ſhall be aboue the earth, and .iij. vnder the erth. And in dede, it ſemeth that Aratus ment by this^[15] Climat whan he wrote his Booke of Phaenomenon. Where as he ſpeakynge of this Eſtiual tropik circle ſaytth on this wyſe.

¶ Whan this Circle deuyded is, in to eyght partes euen iuſt,

Fyue partes aboue the erth and .iii. vnderneth remayne nedes muſt,

The reſtes Sonne in ſommer hot, from this returneth backe.

¶ And ſo of this diuiſion it foloweth, ye day to be of .xv. equinoctial houres, & the nyght of .ix. equinoctiall houres long. And in the Horizon of Rodes, ye Eſtiual tropik is ſo deuided of the horizō that the whole circle beyng deuided into .xviii. partes, there ſhal appere .xxix. deuiſyōs aboue the horizon, & .xix. vnder the erth, by which deuiſion it appereth that the longeſt day in ye Rodes hath but .xiiij. equinoctiall houres in it, and the night .ix. Equinoctial houres, with .ij. half houres more beſyde. The Equinoctiall circle in euery habytacion is ſo iuſtly deuyded in the myddes by the Horizon, that the one halfcircle, of it is aboue the earth, and the other halfcircle is vndeneth the erth. And this is the cauſe that the^[16] Equinoctials happen alwayes in this circle. The Brumal tropik circle is ſo deuidd of the Horizon that the leſſer parte ſhall be aboue the erth, and the greter parte vnder the erth, and the vnequalte of deuiſions hath euen lyke diuerſite in all climats as it is ſuppoſed to be in the Eſtiual tropik circle, and by this meane the deuiſions of both the tropicall circles be precyſely correſpondent eche to other. By reaſon wheof the longeſt day is of one length wt the longeſt nyght, and the ſhorteſt day equal with the ſhorteſt nyght. The Antarctik Cyrcle euery whyt, lyeth hyd vnder the Horizon.

¶ Of the bygnes of the .v. parallel Circles.

BUt of the ſayd v. parallel circles, ſome kepe ſtyll the ſame bygnes thorowout al ye world and of ſome the bygnes is altered by reaſon of the^[17] Climats, ſo that ſome Cyrcles be bygger than other, and ſome leſſer than other. The tropik circles and the Equinoctiall do no where alter theyr quantities, but the Arctikes varie in bygnes, for ſomwhere they appere bygger, and ſom where leſſe. For vnto the Northward dwellers the arctik circles ſeme bygger: the Pole beynge rayſed on hygh, the arctik circle touchyng the Horizon muſt nede alſo appere bygger and bygger, continually, and vnto them that dwell farther North ſomtyme, the Eſtiual tropik ſhall wax the Arctik circle, ſo that the Eſtiual Circle and the Arctik alſo, mete together and be taken but in ſtede of one. And in places that be yet farther. North, the arctik circles ſhall appere greater than the Eſtiual tropik circle. Than at the laſt, there is a place ſo far North, where that the Pole appereth ouer head, and the arctik circle ſerueth for the Horizon, & remayneth with it in the meuynge of the world, and is as wyde as the equinoctiall: in ſo moche that the .iij. circles (to ſay) ye arctik, the equinoctial, and the Horizon be placed in one ordre and ſytuacion. Agayne to them that dwel more South, the Poles appere more lower, and the Arctik circles leſſer, yet agayne there is a place beyng South in reſpect of vs which lyeth vnder the equinoctial where the Poles be vnder the Horizon, and the Arctik Circles be altogether gone: ſo that of the fyue parallel Circles there remayne but thre circles, (that is) the two Tropiks, and the Equenoctiall.

¶ Of the nombre of the parallels.

NEyther for ſuche ſayenges, is it to be thoughte that there continue .v. parallels alwayes but ſo many to be imagyned for our habytacion ſake, for in ſome Horizons, there be but .iij. parallels only, and there be habytacions on erth, where the eſtiual tropik circle toucheth the horizon: and euen for the tropik Circle is the ſeconde taken, whiche is called the habitacion vnder the Pole. The thyrde habitacion is of whom we ſpake a lytell before, which is named the habitacion vnder ye equinoctial.

¶ Of the ordre of the .v. parallel Circles.

Wherfore, neyther the ordre of the fyue parallel Circles, is euery where the ſame, but in our habitacion the fyrſt ſhalbe called the Arctike, the ſeconde the Eſtiuall tropik, the thyrde the Equinoctiall, the fourth the Brumall, the v. the Antarctik. But they that dwell more North than we, ſom tyme the fyrſte is accompted as the Eſtiuall tropik, the ſeconde as the Arctik: the thyrde as the Equinoctial: the .iiij. as the Antarctik: the .v. as the brumal tropik, & bycauſe the arctik circle is wyder thā the equinoctiall ye ſayde ordre muſt nede be obſerued.

¶ Of the power of the fyue Parallels.

LYkewyſe, Neyther are the powers of the ſame .v. parallel circles alyke. For the circle that is or eſtiual tropik is to^[18] them that dwell in a contrary habytacion, the Brumal tropik. Contrary wyſe that which vnto them is the Eſtiual tropik circle is the Brumall tropik vnto vs. But ſuche as dwell vnder ye equinoctial, euen the .iij. circles be in power eſtiual tropikes vnto them, I meane thoſe that dwell iuſt vnder the courſe of the Sonne, for in conferrynge one to another, that whiche is the Equinoctial with vs ſhalbe theyr Eſtiual tropik Circle. And both the Tropikes ſhalbe Brumals. So than the Eſtiual tropik circle may be ſayd by nature bnyuerſally all the worlde ouer, whiche is next to yt habitacion: therfore vnto thē that dwell vnderthe equinoctial the equinoctial it ſelfe ſerueth for ye eſtiual tropik, as wherin ye ſonne hath his courſe directly ouer theyr hed, & all the parallel circles ſhall take the rome of the Equinoctials, beynge deuyded by equall deuyſyons in the Horizon.

¶ Of the ſpace betwene the Parallels.

NEyther the ſpaces of the circles one from the other do remayne the ſame thorowout all habytacions: but after the deſcription of the Spheres, they are dyſcuſſed on this ſorte. Let any Meridian be deuided in .lx. partes, the Aretik ſhal be deſcribed from the Pole .lxvi. partes of. And the ſame on the other ſyde, ſhalbe .lxv. parte dyſtaunt from the Eſtiual, and the Equinoctial ſhalbe from eyther of the Poles .lxiiij. deuiſions of. The Brumal tropik circle ſtandeth from the antarctik .lxv. partes of. Neyther haue theſe Circles the ſame diſtaunce betwne them in euery towne and Countrey. But the tropiks in euery declynacion ſhall haue euen lyke ſpace from the Equinoctial. Yet haue not the tropiks equall ſpace from the Arctiks at euery Horizon, but in ſome place leſſe, and in ſome place more dyſtaunce. Lykewyſe the Arctiks haue not in euery declinacion one certayne ſpace frō the Poles, but ſomwhere leſſe, and ſomwhere more. All the Spheres, be made for the Horizon of Grece.

¶ Of the Colurs.

THere are Circles that go croſſe ouerthwart ye Poles which of ſome mē be called Colurs. And they be ſo framed that they conteyne within theyr circuite the Poles of the world. And be called^[19] Colurs, by reaſon of thoſe porcyons of them that be not ſene. As for other circles they be ſene whole, the worlde mouyng rounde aboute. And there are certayne partes of the Colurs inuiſible, euen thoſe partes that from the Antarctik lye hyd vnder the horizon. And theſe circles be ſygned by the tropical poyntes and they deuyded into .ij. equall partes, the circle that paſſeth thorowe the myddes of the zodiak.

¶ Of the zodiak.

THe Circle of the xij. ſygnes is^[20] oblyque and is compounded of .iij. paralel circles: of whom .ij. are ſayd to ſhowe the bredth of the zodiak, and one is called paſſynge thorowe the myd ſygnes: thus toucheth he the .ij. equall circles and parallels, the Eſtiual tropik in the fyrſte degre of Cancer, and the Brumal tropik in the fyrſt degre of Capricorn. The bredth of the zodiake is .xij. degrees. This circle is called oblyque bycauſe he croſſeth ouer ye parallels awrye.

¶ Of the Horizon.

THe^[21] Horizon is a Circle that ſondreth vs, the parte of the world ſene, from the parte that can not be ſene, ſo he deuideth the whole Sphere of ye world into .ii. partes, euen that he leueth the one halfe ſphere aboue the erth, and thother half ſphere vnderneth the erth. And there be .ii. Horizons, one ſenſyble, the other ymagyned by vnderſtandynge. The ſenſyble Horizon is that, whiche of oure ſyght is lymyted at the vtmoſte of our^[22] kennynge. So that his Diameter is not paſſing. M. furlonges, euen thorowout. The horizon that is ymagyned by vnderſtandyng, is for the ſpeculacion of the Sphere of the fyxed ſtares, and he deuideth the whole world into .ii. partes. Wherfore there is not ye ſame Horizon, thorowout euery habytacion & towne, but to a mans^[23] wyttynge he remayneth the ſame for the ſpace of .iiii. C. furlonges almoſt. So that the length of the dayes, the Clymat, and al the apparaunces remayne the ſame ſtyll. But with the mo nomber of furlonges for the diuerſite of the habytacion, the Horizon, the Climate, yea and all the apparaunces ſhall varie. So than the chaunge of habitacion muſt nedes happen in goynge Southwarde or Northward, beyonde .iiii. C. furlonges. And they that dwell in one parallel for euery excedynge great nombre haue a newe Horizon, but they kepe the ſame Climat and all the apparaunces lykewyſe. the begynninges & endynges of dayes chaunce not at the ſelfe ſame tyme to all that dwel in the ſame parallel. But after very exacte curioſite the leſt mouyng in the world hyther or thyther, euen for euery poynct the Horizon is chaunged the Clymat and the apparaunces do varie. The Horizon in the Spheres is not after that maner deſcrybed, for all the other circles are caried together from Eaſt to Weſt, with the mouyng of the world, and the Horizon is immounable by his owne nature as longe as he kepeth the ſame ſituacion. And ſo yf the Horizon were ſet out in Spheres whan they ſhulde be turned aboute, he myght ſo happen to moue, and ſomtyme to be ouerhead, and that were a thynge moſte inconuenyent and fartheſt out of reaſon in Sphere matier. yet for al hat, there may be a place aſſygned for the horizon in the frame of the Sphere.

¶ Of the Meridian Circles.

THe^[24] Meridian is a cicrle that goeth through the Poles of the worlde, & thorowe the^[25] poynct that is iuſt ouer our hedes. In whom whan the ſonne is come to, he cauſeth myd day, and myd nyght. And this circle is alſo immouable in the worlde, as longe as the ſelfe ſame ſituacion is kept in all mouynge of the worlde. Neyther is this circle drawē in^[26] Spheres that be paynted with ſtarres, by cauſe he is immouable and receyueth no mutacion. But to mannes coniecture by wytte for iij. C. furlonges almoſt, the meridian a bydeth the ſame. But after a more exacte ymaginacion, for euery foote ſtepped into Eaſt or Weſt, there waxeth another meridian. But than go North or South euen .x. M. furlonges and the ſame meridian ſhall ſerue but goynge from Eaſt Weſt warde altereth the meridian.

¶ Of the Cyrcle Galaxias.

THe cyrcle of^[27] Galaxias is oblique alſo, and this to, goeth ouer the tropiks awry and it is of the ſubſtaūce of fyne Cloudes, and the onely vyſyble circle in the heauens, neyther is it certayne what bredth he is of for it is narrower in one place than in another. And for that cauſe the circle Galaxias is left out in many Spheres. And it is one of the greateſt circles. And they be called the greateſt Circles which haue the ſame^[28] centre as the Sphere hath. And there be .vij. of the greateſt circles, the Equinoctial, the zodiak, that whiche goeth thorowe the myddes of the ſygnes, and that whiche goeth by the Poles, the Horizon of euery habytacion, the Maridian, and the circle of Galaxias.

¶ Of the .v. zones.

THe outwarde facion of the erth is^[29] Sphericall and is deuyded into .v. zones, of whom .ii. whiche be aboute the Poles are called the colde ones, bycauſe they be very farre from vnder the courſe of the Sonne, and be lytell inhabyted for the great coulth: and their compaſſe is from the arctiks to the Poles warde. And the zones that be next vnto them, becauſe they be meſurably ſytuat towardes the courſe of the ſonne be called temporate, and aboute in the Fyrmament vpon the tropiks and arctiks Circles, betwene whom they lye. Nowe the fyfth whiche emonge the ſayde .iiij. circles is myddelmoſt, for that it lygheth vnder the waye of ſonne is named the hotte, and it is deuided of the Equinoctial of the erth, into .ii. which lygheth and about, vnder the Equinocciall of the worlde. But of the two temperate zones, one is inhabyted of them that be of our habytacion beynge in length nyghe a. C. M. furlonges, and in bredth, aboute halfe the ſame.

¶ Of the Celeſtiall Sygnes.

THe ſygnes that be blaſed with ſtarres are deuyded into .iij. partes, ſome of them be placed in the circle of the zodiak. Some be called Northern, and ſome be called Southern. And they yt be ſituat in the circle of yt zodiak be xij.^[30] Beaſtes, whoſe names we haue declared in another place, in which .xij. beaſtes there are certayne ſtarres, who for certayne notable markes eſpied in them, haue taken theyr proper names for the fyxed ſtarres that be in the backe of Taurus be called^[31] Pleiades. And the ſtarres that be placed in the head of Taurus be .v. in nombre and are called^[32] Hyades. And the Starre that ſtandeth before the fete of Gemini is called Propus, and that cloudelyke ſubſtaunce, that is in Cancer, is called^[33] Praeſepe. And the two Starres that ſtande nyghe Preſepe are called^[34] Aſini. And the bryght Starre that is in the harte of Leo, (accordyng to the name of his place) is the Lyons harte, and it is called of ſome men, the Royall Starre, for that they that are borne vnder it are thoughte to haue a royall natiuite. The fayre Starre that ſtyeketh at fyngers endes of the lefte hande of Virgo, is called the^[35] Spike. But the lytell ſtarre that is faſtened by the ryght wyng of Virgo is named Protrigetes. And the .iiij. Starres that be at the ryght handes ende of Aquarius are called^[36] Vrna. The ſtarres that be ſpred one after another behynde Piſces tayle are called the lynes. And in the South lyne, there are .ix. Starres, and in the North lyne .v. The bryghte ſtarre that is ſene in the lynes ende is called^[37] Nodus. So many are accompted for the Northern as be ſet betwyxt the zodiak and the North. And they be theſe^[38] Vrſa maior.^[39] Vrſa minor. And^[40] Draco that lyeth betwyxt both. Vrſa^[41] Arctophilax^[42] Corona, Engonaſin, the Serpentine, the Serpent, the Harpe, the Byrde, the Arow, the Egle, the Dolphyn, Protome Hippi, the Horſe that ſtandeth by Hipparchos, Cepheus, Caſſiopeia, Andromeda, Perſeus,^[43] Auriga, Deltoton. And he that was ſtellyfyed of Callimachus, Bernykes heare. Agayne there be certayne ſtarres who for certayne playne apparaunces that they haue in thē, haue had their names gyuen them. For the no table Starre that lyeth aboue the mydſh ankes of Arctophilar is called^[44] Arcturus. And the ſhyning ſtarre that is ſet by the Harpe, euen by the name of the whole ſygne is called the Harpe, and the Starres that be at the toppe of Perſeus lefte hande are named the Gorgones. And the thycke ſmall ſtarres that are eſpyed at the ryght handes poyncte of Perſeus, make as it were a ſythe. And the cleare Starre that is ſet in the lefte ſhoulder of the Dryuer is called the Goote. But the two lytell ſtarres that be at the out termoſte of his hande be called the Kyddes. And all thoſe be Southern ſygnes, that lye on the South ſyde of the zodiak. And theyr names be theſe. Orion, the Centaurus, the Beaſte that Centaurus holdeth in his hande. Thyrſylochus whom Centaurus ſetteth before, the ſenſar, the Southern fyſſhe, the Whale, the water powred of Aquarius, the floude of Orion, the South Crowne, whiche of ſome is named^[45] Vraniſkos, the Rodde that lygheth by Hipparchos. And agayne in theſe there be certayne ſtarres that haue taken theym propre names. For the bryght ſtarre that is in Prokyon, is called Prokyon. And the Glyſterynge ſtarre that is in the Dogges mouth, for that ſhe is thought to cauſe more feruent heate, is called the Dogge, euen by the name of the whole ſygne. The Starre that ſhyneth in the toppe of the ſtarne of Argo, is named Canopus, and this is vneth ſene in the Rodes, excepte it be from hygh places. But in Alexandria, ſhe is not ſene at all, where the .iiij. parte of the ſygne, doth ſcantly appeare aboue the Horizon.

¶ FINIS.

¶ Faultes eſcaped in Pryntynge.

¶ The fyrſt leafe, ſeconde page, rede Chyrk, for Chrykes.

Thyrde leafe, ſeconde page, the .xxi. lyne, rede Thauies, for Thames.

Syxte leafe, ſeconde page, laſt lyne, rede Tropicos, for Ionixios.

And in the .vii. leafe, fyrſte page, laſte lyne, rede Tropicos, for Thomxios.

¶ Imprynted by me Robert wyer. In the yere of our Lorde GOD a. M.D.L. dwellyng at the ſygne of ſaynt Iohn̄ Euangeliſt, in ſaynt Martyns paryſſhe beſyde Charynge croſſe.

✚ ¶ And fynyſſhed the .xi. daye of Februarie.

¶ Cum priuilegio, ad imprimendum ſolum.